GC-MS分离鉴定3-氧代戊酸甲酯的互变异构体

采用GC—MS方法，在HP-5毛细管色谱柱上成功分离了3-氧代戊酸甲酯烯醇式和酮式两个互变异构体，通过质谱图特征离子分析并借助氘代标识，确定了色谱峰的归属。研究发现3-氧代戊酸甲酯的烯醇式和酮式互变体都能够发生氘交换。     

β-二酮酯化合物在气相色谱上的酯交换反应及其互变异构体分离

在气相色谱上,乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、3-氧代戊酸甲酯与醇在无任何催化剂存在下,发生酯交换反应。酯交换反应受气相色谱的进样口温度、柱温、载气流速影响。该反应为气相色谱在线制备纯的直链β-二酮酯类化合物提供了一种简便的方法。当采用HP-5毛细管色谱柱时,这些直链β-二酮酯化合物的烯醇式和酮式互变体能够得到很好的分离。     

二甲基焦膦酸二烷基酯的EI-MS裂解规律研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)研究了二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)的裂解途径和机理。针对二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,开展了一级和二级质谱研究,确定离子间的母子关系;同时采用电荷和游离基理论,解释主要碎片离子的裂解机理。通过研究发现:对于二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,大部分化合物的EI-MS谱图中无分子离子峰;该类化合物均产生特征离子m/z 175、158、157、143、97、79、65和47;分子离子以不饱和氧、饱和氧和π键为电荷/游离基中心引发酯基上伴随γ氢重排的α断裂和i断裂,碎片离子进一步发生简单α断裂、消除反应(γe)及i诱导断裂等反应,产生相应的离子。根据该类化合物的质谱裂解规律,可为未知结构的该类化合物和其它相似结构化合物的鉴定提供参考。     

苏丹红染料在四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱中的离子化与裂解规律研究

通过四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱直接采集碎裂片段的高准确度质量数(分辨率70 000,m/z 200),并通过元素模拟得到碎片离子的元素组成,探究了苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的裂解规律。结果表明:因分子结构中羟基基团的存在,使得苏丹红类物质极易被质子化,更易形成[M+H]~+;裂解集中在偶氮基团附近:(1)偶氮键邻位酚羟基(供H基团)的存在导致化合物结构重排,由烯醇式变成腙酮式,H迁移至N原子上,高键能的偶氮键(—N=N—)重排为氮氮单键(—NH—N=,使N—N键易于断裂;(2)偶氮键邻位不含供H体,不会发生迁移,高键能的偶氮键(—N=N—)保持不变,碎片离子主要通过两侧的C—N键断裂形成;(3)在高碰撞能下,存在化学键同时断裂,以及萘环开环裂解,含有多个偶氮基团的碎片离子也更为丰富。通过直接进样的方式确定4种苏丹红染料的最佳电离方式和质谱裂解规律,为偶氮类化合物的快速鉴定提供了依据。     

N-环己基吡嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了 (2H)_2_环己基_3 ,4二氢吡咯并[1 ,2_a]吡嗪_1_酮及其7个苯甲酰基衍生物和3个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱 (EI_MS)中的主要裂解方式和特征 ,指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构 ,这10个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自麦氏重排和异构化后的α_裂解,由其裂解产生的m/z120和m/z163离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子 ;吡嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物基峰为M -82 ,苯乙酰基类衍生物基峰为m/z245。     

4-氯-4''''-取代-苯丁酮的低能电子轰击质谱和取代基效应的研究

用离子动能谱探讨了9个苯环上不同取代基的4-氯-4′-取代-苯丁酮EI断裂的主要途径是:分子离子先进行Mclafferty重排,而后α-断裂。将电子能量降低至20e v,对Mclafferty重排的产物离子的α-断裂反应用Hammett方程处理,得回归线性方程lgZ/Z_0=-0.37σp-0.008,线性相关系数为0.9949。由此可明显地看出质谱中单分子断裂反应的取代基效应。     

能量分辨质谱鉴别卤代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体

应用能量分辨质谱分别研究了氯代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体和氟代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体的单体及异构体单体的混合物的能量质谱裂分曲线。结果表明,在碰撞能量0.8～1.5V的变化范围内,氯代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体单体及混合物的碎片离子m/z 145与m/z 125的离子强度比值相对于碰撞能量的变化曲线,即裂分曲线与氯官能团的取代位置密切相关,而氟代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体单体及混合物的碎片离子m/z 136与m/z 108的离子强度比值的裂分曲线则与氟官能团的取代位置密切相关,差异显著;据此可以成功鉴别卤代4(3H)-喹唑啉酮异构体的单体及混合物的构成。     

电喷雾电离-傅里叶变换多级质谱法研究C端修饰的内吗啡肽-2类似物序列和修饰基团

采用电喷雾电离-傅里叶变换多级质谱法研究了一系列C端修饰的内吗啡肽-2类似物.在碰撞诱导解离二级质谱中,观测到了b、y"、a离子以及部分内部离子,质量观测值与理论值相差极小.当C端修饰基团为叔丁基时,在二级质谱试验中可通过麦氏重排丢失丁烯中性碎片.电喷雾电离-傅里叶变换质谱法在多肽类似物结构鉴定方面具有突出的作用.     

烟草中5种糖苷类化合物的液相色谱-质谱联用分析

采用反相高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用技术分析了烟草提取液中的5种糖苷类化合物.将烟叶烘干、磨碎后用95%乙醇提取,提取液用正己烷-乙醚(体积比1∶1)除去油脂,水层经大孔树脂分离除杂后,进HPLC-MS分析,获得了5种糖苷类化合物的结构信息.通过对相对分子质量及碎片离子结构信息的解析,推测5种糖苷类化合物分别为:α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷、3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷、4-羟基-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷、3-羟基-β-大马酮-β-D-葡萄糖苷和地黄普内酯-β-D-葡萄糖苷.     

几种β-二酮化合物互变异构体的光谱性质研究

合成了5种不同结构的β-二酮化合物,采用电喷雾质谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振法对其结构进行表征,并讨论了它们的酮式-烯醇式互变异构现象.结果表明,β-二酮分子内酮式-烯醇式的互变异构平衡明显受取代基影响,它们的酮式-烯醇式互变异构体含量完全不同.在固态和CDCl3溶液中,其中2种β-二酮化合物(a1,a2)中主要以烯醇形式存在,仅含有少量的酮式结构;而2种α-取代β-二酮(b1,b2)由于烯醇异构体的空间位阻效应,不能以分子内氢键形成烯醇六元环,全部以酮式结构形式存在;另外,由于强吸电子基团-CF3的作用,使得β-二酮(c)全部以烯醇形式存在.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.