简讯

我国正式组建国家玩具检测重点实验室联盟不久前,由江苏(扬州)、广东、北京、上海、深圳5大玩具检测中心(重点实验室)共同发起,组建国家玩具检测重点实验室联盟。这标志着我国进出口玩具检测"航母"正式起航。我国玩具出口在外向型经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位,去年出口达211.2亿美元,比上年增长6.5%。此次结盟的全国质检系统5大玩具检测重点实验室都是国家级权威     

有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室成立

有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室揭牌仪式不久前在京举行。本实验室依托4大实验室进行组建,它们分别是纳米材料先进制备技术与应用科学教育部重点实验室、北京市新型高分子材料制备与加工重点实验室、北京市生物加工过程重点实验室和教育部超重力工程研究中心等实验室。     

理化检测实验室如何有效建立LIMS系统

正1实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)1.1什么是LIMS LIMS能够完成实验室数据和信息的收集、分析、报告和管理。LIMS基于计算机局域网,专门针对一个实验室的整体环境而设计,是一个包括了信号采集设备、数据通讯软件、数据库管理软件的高效集成系统[1]。LIMS以实验室为中心,将实验室的业务流程、环境、人员、仪器设备、标准物质、标准溶液、化学试剂、标准方法、图书资料、文件记录、科研     

药物基因和蛋白筛选国家实验室落户东北师大

我国新组建的十个生物领域国家工程实验室之一——药物基因和蛋白筛选国家工程实验室，不久前落户东北师范大学。     

河南将组建病毒性疾病防治重点实验室

不久前,河南省开始新组建病毒性疾病中医药防治重点实验室。该实验室依托河南中医学院建立,建设总投资600万元,实验室面积达到1200平方米,固定资产达到2500万元。实验室将在现有实验条件的基础上,进一步加强和完善基础设施建设,整合科研方向、扩大对外合作研究;充分发挥学科优势和特点,以重点项目为突破口,边建设、边研究、     

移动实验室行业发展探讨

移动实验室以其高移动性、现场快速检测的优势弥补了固定实验室在应对公共安全问题上的局限。移动实验室行业在政策、技术、应用、生产等方面存在不少问题,发展受到限制。解决移动实验室发展问题的关键是加强同移动实验室相关的各机构部门之间的沟通,因此有必要建立促进各机构部门良好沟通、协同发展的平台——移动实验室行业协会。移动实验室协会应选择体制内外相结合的方式组建,建立完善的体系和功能,塑造良好的形象。     

精细化工及药物合成中试实验室建设与运行管理的探索

结合笔者所组建的药学院原料药合成和天然产物提取两个方向的中试实验室建设实例,从硬件建设、设计布局以及管理等方面总结了相关经验,强调实验大楼设计与实验室建设相结合的重要性,避免相关设计硬伤;并从实验室工程技术人员的队伍建设、运行管理制度等方面提出相关建议。     

工业Mo-Ni/USY-Al2O3失活催化剂的再生行为

 用ESCA,XRD,SEM及TPR等手段表征了不同条件下再生的工业失活加氢裂化催化剂．结果表明,Mo－Ni／USY－Al2O3失活催化剂在实验室装置中快速再生优于慢速再生;再生温度对催化剂的结构与性能有影响．480℃再生能将失活催化剂中绝大部分的碳和氮烧掉,且比表面积恢复率最高;600℃再生时,催化剂的毛细孔口明显减少,且产生少量聚结态β－NiMoO4晶相．     

加氢精制催化剂表面纳米棒束的电子显微镜研究

利用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和选区电子衍射(SAED)分析,对实验室硫化态加氢精制催化剂外表面上的纳米棒束的形貌、化学成分、晶体结构进行研究.SEM结果表明,该纳米棒束普遍分布于催化剂外表面并向外生长,纳米棒束形态较为规整,长度为500～1 500 nm,直径为20...     

“十一五”我国将建设12项重大科技基础设施

不久前，国家发展和改革委员会发布了自主创新基础能力建设“十一五”规划，提出要建设12项重大科技基础设施，组建30个左右国家科学中心和国家实验室，建设和完善300个左右围家重点实验室。     

Grafting characterization of natural rubber latex particles: wet-STEM imaging contributions

Natural rubber latexes investigated in this study have been chemically modified by seeded emulsion polymerization. Depending on the water affinity of the monomer involved (MMA or DMAEMA), the expected result was the grafting of the corresponding polymer inside or on the surface of the latex particles. The present article focuses on the grafting characterization of these modified natural rubber latexes. In this purpose, non-imaging classical experimental methods such as dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance have been completed by microscopy techniques, including transmission imaging in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a recent imaging mode called wet-STEM. It consists in transmission imaging in an Environmental SEM operating in the wet-mode, allowing transmission observations of particles suspended in a liquid layer with good resolution and contrast. In the present study, we have adopted a comparative characterization approach between a nongrafted natural rubber latex and two grafted ones. Such an approach indeed contributes to highlight the particles morphology resulting from chemical modification using either MMA or DMAEMA. Transmission images in SEM of thin foils are relatively well interpreted and are completed with wet-STEM images of latexes in their native state, bringing important contributions for grafting characterization.     

Three‐dimensional structural analysis of a block copolymer by scanning electron microscopy combined with a focused ion beam

A three‐dimensional (3D) lamellar structure of a poly(styrene‐block‐isoprene) block copolymer was observed at submicrometer and micrometer levels by scanning electron microscopy combined with a focused ion beam (FIB–SEM). The 3D lamellar structure with an exceptionally large periodicity, about 0.1 μm, was successfully reconstructed, and the size of the reconstructed image by FIB–SEM was 6.0 × 6.0 × 4.0 μm³, which was greater than the transmission electron microtomography data, 3.8 × 3.9 × 0.24 μm³, by a factor of about 40. This result indicates that 3D reconstruction using FIB–SEM is quite useful for direct 3D observations, especially analyses of polymeric materials at the submicrometer and micrometer levels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 677–683, 2007     

液态丙烯腈低聚物修复聚丙烯腈基碳纤维微孔缺陷

提出一种全新的缺陷修复的方法,即将聚丙烯腈基(PAN)碳纤维T300在液态丙烯腈低聚物(LAN)中浸渍后,再进行预氧化和碳化热处理,可以将T300的拉伸强度提高25%.应用二维小角X射线散射(SAXS)法可以计算出LAN修复缺陷前后T300微孔缺陷的长度(L)、横截面尺寸(lp)、取向角(Beq)、相对体积(Vrel)的变化,结果表明碳纤维的拉伸性能越好,微孔的长度、取向角、相对体积含量越小.T300拉伸性能的提高是由于缺陷修复的结果.应用BET比表面积法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征LAN修复缺陷前后T300的比表面积以及表面形貌的变化,结果表明,T300在LAN中浸渍并经过预氧化和碳化热处理,比表面积变小,表面缺陷明显减少.进一步验证LAN对碳纤维中的微孔缺陷具有修复作用.应用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)法表征LAN修复前后T300表面化学成分的变化,结果表明,LAN修复后含氧官能团(C―OH,C=O,HO―C=O)显著增加,有利于增强碳纤维与树脂基体之间的相互作用,从而提高碳纤维的力学性能.     

Template‐Synthesized Copper Nanotubes via Electroless Plating

Template synthesis method of preparing copper nanotubes via electroless plating has been investigated in this paper. The tubular structures were obtained by calcinring copper‐coated carbon nanofibers. The final products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and x‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that copper nanotubes can be synthesized by this method. The inner diameter of the prepared copper nanotubes is about 100 nm, and the wall thickness is about 25 nm. In this method, it is convenient to control the dimension or the shape of the obtained copper nanotubes by using different nanofibers as templates.     

晶体的择优取向与LiCoO2正极材料X射线衍射峰的强度比

采用高温固相反应法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2, 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术对材料的形貌与结构进行分析. 平面反射和透射X射线粉末衍射数据表明, 目前商品LiCoO2样品XRD图谱的(104)和(003)衍射峰强度比(I(104)/I(003))主要反映了LiCoO2晶体c轴方向的择优取向, 而不是Li、Co原子的占位有序程度. I(104)/I(003)比值越小, 晶体择优取向度越高. 晶体无择优取向LiCoO2粉末材料的衍射峰强度比I(104)/I(003) 应为95%左右. 因此, 不能用I(104)/I(003) 的比值大小作为实际LiCoO2材料晶体内Li、Co 原子排列是否有序的主要证据. 澄清了长期有争议的关于锂离子二次电池正极材料LiCoO2的X射线衍射峰强度比问题.     

Detection of protein coatings on nanoparticles surfaces by ToF‐SIMS and advanced electron microscopy

In this study, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and advanced electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) were applied to detect and analyse different nano‐scaled protein coatings on gold nanoparticles (NP). The NP were coated with collagen type I and fibronectin as well as different combinations of these proteins. These two main proteins in human cell organization and tissue formation were identified with the aid of ToF‐SIMS by typical amino acid mass peak detection. In addition, the protein‐coated particles were investigated by TEM and SEM to get information about the protein structure, the protein layer thickness on the particle surfaces and the reaction of NP in different protein solutions. In this study, a differentiation of diverse protein induced particle agglomeration was proven. The investigations of this study were part of the Specific Targeted Research Project CellNanoTox (project no. NMP4‐CT‐2006‐032731) funded by the European Commission under the 6th EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of UV-blocking nanohybrid coating via miniemulsion polymerization

A novel convenient approach to fabricate ZnO@polystyrene nanohybrid coating on cotton fabrics is reported. The as-prepared core-shell nanohybrid coating was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and UV-blocking. The cotton fabrics treated in this study provided ultrahigh UV protection and superior wash fastness. Therefore, this new nanohybrid material and its synthesis method are highly potential to various functional treatments of flexible surfaces.     

Crystal Orientation Mapping Applied to the Y-TZP/WC Composite

 Crystal orientation measurements made by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopic observations provided the basis for a quantitative investigation of microstructure in an yttria stabilised, tetragonal zirconia-based (Y-TZP) composite. Automatic crystal orientation mapping (ACOM) in a SEM can be preferable to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for microstructural characterisation, since no sample thinning is required, extensive crystal data is already available, and the analysis area is greatly increased. A composite with a 20 vol.% tungsten carbide (WC) content was chosen since it revealed crystal relationships between the matrix and carbide phase already established by TEM analysis. However, this composite was difficult to investigate in the EBSD/ SEM since it is non-conductive, the Y-TZP grain size is of the order of the system resolution, and the sample surface, though carefully prepared, reveals a distinctive microtopography. In this paper, some useful solutions to these problems are discussed and the resulting data, which confirm crystal correlations previously established by TEM analysis, are presented.     

Highly sensitive WO3 hollow-sphere gas sensors

In this paper, we describe how WO(3) hollow spheres have been synthesized in solution phase by the controlled hydrolysis of WCl(6) using novel carbon microspheres as the templates. All of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-synthesized spheres had large diameters of about 400 nm and thin shells of about 30 nm composed of numerous small nanocrystals. Prompted by the porous structure and small crystal size of the shell wall, we constructed WO(3) hollow-sphere gas sensors and found that these sensors had good sensitivity to alcohol, acetone, CS(2), and other organic gases.     

透射电镜三维重构确定金纳米粒子的立体结构

贵金属纳米颗粒具有局域表面等离激元这一特性使其具有丰富的光学性质,而这一特性受制于纳米颗粒所形成的立体几何形状,而透射电镜和扫描电镜的二维图像不能真切地观测和确定纳米颗粒所形成的立体几何结构。透射电镜三维重构技术可作为一种确定纳米颗粒立体结构的直观有效的方法。本文利用透射电镜的三维重构技术,选择合适的参数进行二维图像的采集、图像匹配对中及重构、立体模型的构建,从而通过构建的模型对两种金纳米颗粒样品的不同几何形状所产生的边界形态进行了确认和分析。