磁性石墨烯固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定家畜尿液中10种苯二氮卓类药物残留量

取家畜尿样10.0mL置于离心管中,加入自制的磁性石墨烯50mg,用10mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液调节混合物的酸度至pH 8.0,超声提取20min。用碳铁分离液固两相,弃去液相,先后3次超声提取固相,每次用乙腈2mL,提取5min。将3次所得液相合并,置于40℃水浴中吹氮至近干,盐类用乙腈和0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液(1+9)的混合液1.0mL溶解,所得溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤,在所选定的仪器工作条件下,对所要测定的10种苯并二氮杂卓类化合物(BZDs)进行色谱分离和质谱测定。采用Acquity UPLC HSS T3色谱柱为固定相,以(A)0.1%甲酸溶液和(B)含0.1%甲酸的乙腈混合液为流动相,按梯度洗脱程序进行分离;质谱测定选用电喷雾离子源、正离子扫描和多反应监测模式。结果表明:10种BZDs在1.0～100.0μg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积值呈线性关系,其测定下限(10S/N)在0.09～0.40μg·L~(-1)之间。以空白猪尿液为基质,按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在74.6%～95.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.5%～9.4%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中瑞他莫林的残留量

称取经匀浆的水产样品2.00g,加入100μg·L~(-1) ~(13)C_4-泰妙菌素甲醇溶液20μL作为内标,加入甲酸-乙腈(2+98)混合液10mL,按下述操作提取样品中瑞他莫林至提取溶剂中:将混合物涡旋30s,在40℃水浴中超声处理10min,然后离心5min,取其上清液4.5mL,加水稀释至15.0mL。将此溶液流过Oasis HLB固相萃取柱,用甲醇-水(5+95)溶液淋洗固相萃取(SPE)柱后抽干柱上残留溶液,弃去淋洗液,用甲醇4mL从SPE柱上洗脱分析物,收集淋洗液,并将其置于50℃水浴上吹氮至干。加入流动相(A)+(B)(80+20)的混合液1mL溶解残渣。所得溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤,滤液作为被测液供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析,进样量为10μL。用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同比例的每升溶液中含甲酸0.5 mL的5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液(A)和乙腈(B)的混合液作为流动相,按设定程序进行梯度淋洗。串联质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描和多反应监测模式。测得瑞他莫林的线性范围在1.0～20.0μg·L~(-1)之间。其检出限(3S/N)为0.1μg·kg~(-1)。以3种水产品样品为基质,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在98.9%～105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.0%～3.8%。     

在线固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液和尿液中31种有毒植物化学组分的含量

取血液或尿液样品0.20mL,加入乙腈0.60mL,涡旋振荡1min,并离心10min,取上清液0.40mL,加入10mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液(pH 7.0)1.1mL,振荡1min,用0.22μm滤膜过滤后,溶液经HLB在线固相萃取柱富集纯化,所用流动相A为水,B为甲醇,C为乙腈。所得淋出液经Poroshell 120EC-C18色谱柱并用流动相A 10mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和流动相B乙腈(上述二流动相中均含φ0.1%甲酸)进行梯度洗脱,使所测定的31种有毒植物的化学组分达到分离,并进行质谱测定。所测定的31种目标物的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)在0.01～5.00μg·L~(-1)之间。分别以上述两种样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得31种化合物在血液样品中的回收率在90.4%～107%之间,在尿液样品中的回收率在90.0%～103%之间。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)依次在0.2%～2.6%,0.3%～2.9%之间。     

全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定江水中8种酚类内分泌干扰物

移取江水样500mL,加入50.0μg·L~(-1)内标混合溶液100μL,采用全自动固相萃取仪(装有ENVI TM-18固相萃取柱)进行富集净化,收集洗脱液,于40℃水浴氮吹至近干,用乙腈(1+1)溶液定容至1.0mL,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定其中8种酚类内分泌干扰物的含量。以HSS T3色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的0.1%(质量分数)氨水和乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾负离子源和多反应监测模式。采用内标法定量,8种酚类内分泌干扰物的线性范围均为0.10～40.00μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.008～0.096ng·L~(-1)。方法用于闽江水样的分析,加标回收率为80.0%～91.8%,回收量的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%～12%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中百草枯

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中百草枯的含量。均质茶叶样品(2±0.02)g用硫酸(7+13)溶液提取,提取液5mL通过固相萃取柱净化,再用5mol·L~(-1)氯化铵溶液15mL洗脱。在洗脱液中加入12mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液12mL,10g·L~(-1)铁氰化钾溶液1mL后,用二氯甲烷提取两次(每次20mL),合并二氯甲烷层,并将其蒸干。用乙腈(1+9)溶液2 mL溶解残渣,并过0.22μm有机系滤膜。以Waters BEH UPLC C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和乙腈(5+95)溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式检测。百草枯的质量浓度在0.001~0.1mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·L~(-1)。在10,100μg·kg~(-1)等2个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率依次为71.0%,89.2%,测定总量的相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为11%,1.1%。     

离子色谱法测定再造烟叶中山梨酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根的含量

称取再造烟叶样品0.150 0g,加水50.0mL并振荡提取20min,使样品中的山梨酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根溶入水中。所得溶液通过0.45μm滤膜过滤。滤液用0.25mol·L~(-1) NaOH溶液调节其酸度至pH 11.0。取此溶液5mL通过经活化的反相柱净化。弃去前3mL流出液,收集其后的2mL流出液,进行离子色谱分析。选用AS11-HC色谱柱为固定相,进样量为50μL,用KOH溶液作为流动相在不同的时间段流经色谱柱进行梯度洗脱。采用自循环抑制电导检测器测定。测得山梨酸根的线性范围在0.2～4.0mg·L~(-1)之间,磷酸根和柠檬酸根的线性范围均在2.0～40mg·L~(-1)之间,其检出限(3s)依次为0.022,0.015,0.010mg·L~(-1)。按此方法分析3件实样,3种酸根测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.18%～0.74%之间。在此3个样品的基础上,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在97.3%～103%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中4种食源性植物毒素北大核心CSCD

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中毒芹碱、金雀花碱、秋水仙碱和α-茄碱等4种食源性植物毒素的含量。0.2mL血样用0.8mL乙腈去除血红蛋白,离心后,上层清液经0.22μm有机系微孔滤膜过滤。以Hypurity C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,0.2%(体积分数)乙酸溶液(含有5mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵,pH为4.0)和甲醇(20+80)的混合液为流动相进行等度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择反应监测模式。4种食源性植物毒素的质量浓度均在5.0～500μg·L^(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为2.0μg·L^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)均为5.0μg·L^(-1)。在50,200,500μg·L^(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率为84.5%～111%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.5%～6.2%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定芦蒿中7种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物残留量

采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)测定芦蒿中7种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物残留。取芦蒿样品5.00g,用乙腈10mL超声提取5min,提取液用6.0g硫酸镁和1.5g乙酸钠脱水后,经QuECHERS固相萃取柱净化。净化液用(A)10mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵溶液和(B)10mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵-甲醇溶液的体积比为9∶1的混合液稀释至0.8mL后进行色谱分离,以Kinetex C18100A色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的上述两种溶液(A和B)的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。7种化合物的线性范围均在0.50~20.0μg·L~(-1)之间;检出限(3S/N)为0.17~0.55μg·kg-1。加标回收率为67.4%~103%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~8.5%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中磺胺类及喹诺酮类药物残留量

水产品样品(5.00g)经乙腈-甲酸(99+1)混合液20mL提取,无水乙醇除水,浓缩并加正己烷2mL脱脂。所得溶液进行液相色谱分离。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的甲醇和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。采用内标法定量。所涉11种药物的线性范围均为5~200μg·L~(-1),方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.07~0.20μg·kg~(-1)之间。在1.0,4.0,20.0μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在80.3%~119%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~12%之间。     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法测定血液中唑吡坦和扎莱普隆的含量

血液样品0.50mL,加pH 10的乙酸铵缓冲溶液0.3mL,混匀后采用介质液液萃取柱净化,用二氯甲烷8mL洗脱。洗脱液经处理后进行色谱分离。以Kinetex C18色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的含5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。唑吡坦、扎莱普隆的质量浓度分别在0.20~10.00μg·L~(-1),1.00~50.00μg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.10μg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在85.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%~8.5%之间。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.