聚磷链和聚氮链的自洽场晶体轨道研究

利用自治场全略微分重叠晶体轨道方法(SCFCNDO/2-CO)对聚磷链和聚氮链的各种可能构型的稳定性、能带结构和电子特性进行了研究.结果表明,本征聚磷链为半导体,而本征聚氮链为绝缘体.     

钒氧酞菁的合成及其薄膜结构与光电性能的研究

自从60年前^[1]金属酞菁被发现以来,就引起人们的广泛兴趣,其原因主要在于它们在染料颜料、光化学、催化、和成像中的应用. 和许多其它酞菁衍生物一样,钒氧酞菁具有光导和半导体特性,这使得它在光电子学、电子成像、化学传感器、甚至于微电子器件中有潜在的十分光明的应用前景^[2]. 例如, 钒氧酞菁在电子成像体系中已成为有用的感光材料. 近年来,金属酞菁等有机材料的结晶薄膜开始不断地吸引人们的注意力. 人们考察了不同的金属酞菁如: 酞菁铜、酞菁铅、酞菁镍、和酞菁锡 等的光电导和光电压^[3]. 通常酞菁以几种不同的多晶异构体、即以不同的晶体排列结构方式存在. 因此,其光电特性不仅取决于分子中心的金属原子、而且取决于它们的晶体结构. 总之,值得我们研究钒氧酞菁薄膜的光电特性以及它与吸收光谱和薄膜晶体结构的关系.     

氧在稀土酞菁上的电化学还原

过渡金属大环配合物(例如酞菁和卟啉)对氧的电化学还原具有很高的催化活性,因而是目前电化学最活跃的研究领域之一.关于氧在过渡金属大环配合物上电化学还原机理,一般认为与过渡金属的价态变化有关.近年来,由于稀土双酞菁具有电致变色(electrochromic)的特性,引起了人们极大的兴趣,并对它们的电化学行为进行了一系列的研究,但关于它们对氧的电化学还原作用却未见报道.我们利用循环伏安法研究了某些稀土单酞菁和双酞菁对氧的电化学还原的影响,并提出了氧的电化学还原的反应历程.     

酞菁配合物的结构与气敏性

综述了酞菁配合物的气敏机理及其结构与气敏性之间的关系。阐述了酞菁环的电子结构是其具有气敏性的基础,讨论了配合物中的中心原子和取代基团对配合物气敏性的影响。     

无金属四噻吩[2,3-b]四氮杂卟啉及其镁配合物的结构和性质的密度泛函理论研究

酞菁(phthalocyanine)及其金属配合物是一类性能良好的多功能材料,在许多领域都有着重要的应用潜力.由于酞菁母体大环:四氮杂卟啉(porphyrazine)及其金属配合物具有紧稠的大环结构和可离域化的共轭π-电子体系,因而近年来人们开始对酞菁外侧的苯环进行各种化学修饰来调节此类物质的物理化学性质.本文工作主要集中于研究给电子噻吩杂环取代酞菁外侧苯环后产生的影响,为今后的实验和理论研究提供依据.本文利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)基组水平上,对无金属四噻吩[2,3-b]四氮杂卟啉(TTPPzH2)及其镁配合物(TTPPzMg)的结构和性质进行了研究.在本文中,将无金属四噻吩[2,3-b]四氮杂卟啉(TTPPzH2)及其镁配合物(TTPPzMg)分别与无金属酞菁(H2Pc)及其镁配合物(MgPc),无金属卟啉(H2Pz)及其镁配合物(MgPz)在几何结构、原子电荷、分子轨道、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)及红外光谱(IR)等方面进行了比较,并且讨论了具有给电子能力的噻吩杂环的取代效应.结果表明:与H2Pz和H2Pc及其相应的金属配合物MgPz和MgPc相比较,由于给电子噻吩杂环的取代降低了体系的对称性,使得相应的键长键角发生了改变,从而影响了相应的键强以及中心NH键的酸性,并且通过比较键长和键角变化的程度解释了引起中心空穴收缩的原因:主要是由于键角的变化对中心空穴的收缩做出了贡献;同时,噻吩杂环的取代对各原子的电荷分布产生了一定的影响,其中对与硫(S)原子相毗邻的Cβ原子的影响最大;与H2Pz和MgPz比较,给电子噻吩杂环的连接增加了体系的共轭程度,减小了最高占据轨道(HOMO)-最低空轨道(LUMO)的能隙,而与H2Pc和MgPc相比较,由于给电子噻吩杂环取代酞菁外侧苯环降低了体系的共轭程度,增大了HOMO-LUMO的能隙,使得TTPPzH2和TTPPzMg的Q吸收带(酞菁类化合物的特征吸收峰)向长波方向移动发生了蓝移.其中,需要强调的是,由于低占据轨道的较大的离域性使得TTPPzH2和TTPPzMg的B带(酞菁类化合物的特征吸收峰)发生了红移;通过对轨道能量、分子轨道对称性及HOMO和LUMO轨道图进行比较,说明由于噻吩杂环中硫原子的贡献降低了各分子轨道的能级,同时改变了各分子轨道的对称性;此外,通过分析紫外可见光谱,发现与H2Pc和MgPc相类似,TTPPzH2和TTPPzMg在300～400nm处出现了两个明显的B吸收带,在500～600nm处出现了两个明显的Q吸收带,与四氮杂卟啉类化合物的Q吸收带范围(535～617nm)相一致;借助于正则坐标分析,对红外光谱中的重要吸收峰和振动模式进行了指认和分析.由于给电子噻吩杂环的取代使得计算和模拟的IR光谱发生了蓝移,但是大体的变化趋势与相关的理论和实验研究结果相一致,进一步说明了我们所选择的研究方法的合理性.此外,本文工作对于今后研究酞菁类化合物的结构和光谱性质具有深远的意义.     

硅酸盐中桥联键的机制及其性质的CNDO/2法研究

法计算模型,分析了桥联键的成键机制,解释了硅酸盐的通常性质。以体系总能量随桥角变化关系,解释了硅酸盐矿物及沸石分子筛中桥角Si-O-T出现的范围和几率。 由计算结果还发现,桥氧上具有较高的非键p-电子电荷Q_o~n,并随桥氧的第三配原子性质和距离R(M-O~(br))而变化,使桥氧具有授受电子的双重性质。在此基础上,探讨了沸石分子筛的碳离子催化活性机理,提出了锁与匙匹配原子对的催化活性中心的新观点。     

一维酞菁聚合物的从头算晶体轨道研究

用密度泛函自洽场晶体轨道方法计算了几种一维酞菁聚合物及其取代衍生物的能带结构和电子性质,得到这些聚合物均是半导体.研究发现,聚合方式和共轭程度的差异不仅影响能隙的大小,而且影响能带的形状.取代基对聚合物能带形状的影响不大,但取代基的电子特性对能带的位置高低起到一定的作用.     

[2~3]Cyclophanes电子结构的理论研究

用改造的重叠模型多重散射X~α自洽场方法计算环芳类化合物[2~3]cyclophanes的电子结构, 分析该类分子中分子轨道通过空间和通过键的相互作用,单键连接桥.双键连接桥对通过键相互作用的影响, 用过渡态理论方法计算分子前线分子轨道的电离能,理论结果与紫外光电子能谙符合较好.     

Roussin红盐和Roussin黑盐的电子结构

Roussin黑盐簇阴离子及其"元件化合物"Roussin红盐簇阴离子,是固氮酶活性中心福州模型I(网兜状原子簇模型)的模型物.本文用闭壳层CNDO/2(S,D方案)法计算了它们的电子结构.根据计算所得的Mulliken重叠集居,电荷密度,分子轨道能量和轨道特征等数据,对成键性质进行了分析,得出如下主要结论:两种簇阴离子骨架电子的非定域性都比较强,桥硫原子Sb在由红盐形成黑盐的电子转移过程中起施主作用,两种簇阴离子中都存在M-M键,强度与M-Sb键相近,其主要贡献都来源于金属的s,pz,dz2轨道与硫原子的s,pz轨道之间的σ作用,金属d轨道的π作用对整个骨架的成键贡献很小.     

在石墨及聚酞菁化合物电极上氧还原的电催化

选择浸蜡石墨作基体电极,用旋转环-盘技术,考察了碱性溶液中基体电极上的氧还原机理。在浸蜡石墨电极上,氧的还原是通过有中间产物过氧化氢的二电子途径,用金属聚酞菁修饰的浸蜡石墨电极,具有高的氧还原活性,在聚酞菁钴电极上,氧还原沿着二电子途径,给出过氧化物;而在聚酞菁铁电极上,氧还原是按无过氧化物的直接四电子反应进行。     

单硼五元杂环配体(C~4BH~5)过渡金属夹心高聚物的理论研究

用一维自洽场晶体轨道法探讨了过渡金属夹心高聚物[(C~4BH~5)M]~n(M=Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)的一维链结构和电子结构.计算表明,堆积单元(C~4BH~5)M中价电子数为奇数的高聚物结构会发生Peierls畸变,而价电子数为偶数的将取规则结构,由能带结构得到, [(C~4BH~5)Mn]~n的前线能带出现交叉,可能会发生进一步的结构畸变,但也有可能保持非满状态,成为异体.[(C~4BH~5)Ni]~n可能是不稳定的.其余三个高聚物为半导体或绝缘体,这系列高聚物电荷载流子通路主要依赖于金属d轨道重叠.     

Metallomacrocycle (MacM) complex with cyanide as bridged ligand: Electronic structures of [MacMCN]n

The electronic structures of complexes and one‐dimensional metallomacrocycles with cyanide as bridged ligand, such as [MacM(CN)₂]^? and [MacM(CN)]_n [Mac=phthalocyanine, tetrabenzoporphyrine; M=Co(III), Rh(III)] have been investigated using density functional theory. The results of this study show that the intrinsic semiconductivity properties depend on the frontier bands. The valence band is composed by the π‐macrocycle orbital. The conduction band for the cobalt polymers is a mixture of orbitals between this metal and the cyanide ligand along of the stacking direction. However, in the rhodium polymers such a band is exclusively composed of the π* system of the macrocycles. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002     

Optoelectronic properties analysis of Ti-substituted GaP

A study using first principles of the electronic and optical properties of materials derived from a GaP host semiconductor where one Ti atom is substituted for one of the eight P atoms is presented. This material has a metallic intermediate band sandwiched between the valence and conduction bands of the host semiconductor for 0 < or = U < or = 8 eV where U is the Hubbard parameter. The potential of these materials is that when they are used as an absorber of photons in solar cells, the efficiency is increased significantly with respect to that of the host semiconductor. The results show that the main contribution to the intermediate band is the Ti atom and that this material can absorb photons of lower energy than that of the host semiconductor. The efficiency is increased with respect to that of the host semiconductor mainly because of the absorption from the intermediate to conduction band. As U increases, the contribution of the Ti-d orbitals to the intermediate band varies, increasing the d(z2) character at the bottom of the intermediate band.     

DFT/TD-DFT study on halogen doping and solvent contributions to the structural and optoelectronic properties of poly[3,6-carbazole] and poly[indolo(3,2-b)-carbazole]

The polycarbazoles have been proved to be a good organic semiconductor. These are investigated by quantum chemical studies using B3LYP density functional theory (DFT), and the studies have given a detailed understanding on the impact of carbazole units and an introduction to the electron donating on the optoelectronic properties. The electron withdrawing groups of halogen atoms (chlorine, bromine and iodine) have been substituted into the side chain of the poly[3,6-carbazoles] (PCs) and poly[indolo(3,2-b)-carbazoles] (PICs) and analysed. The band was assigned in the gas phase at 354.8 and 365.1 nm for PCs and PICs which are in good agreement with experimental values of 350 and 390 nm. The calculated results show that the selected three halogen derivatives exhibit a strong blue shift in the toluene solvent medium, with high electronic transition. It is found that PCs, PICs and their derivatives have a narrow band derived in the conduction band, and it is composed of 3p, 4p and 5p states; thus, the energy gap of PCs and PICs increased between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level by the addition of electron acceptor group atoms. The doped PC and PIC electronegativities are well plotted by an electrostatic potential map, and the plot reveals that chlorine-doped PCs and PICs have less electronegativity and bromine-doped polymer has high electronegativity than that of the chlorine-doped polymers. The results obtained from these studies will expose the affairs between the molecular geometry and electronic and optical properties of the investigated polymers.     

Synthesis, characterization, and calculated electronic structure of the crystalline metal-organic polymers [Hg(SC6H4S)(en)]n and [Pb(SC6H4S)(dien)]n

The reaction of Hg(OAc)(2) with 1,4-benzenedithiol in ethylenediamine at 80 °C yields [Hg(SC(6)H(4)S)(en)](n), while the reaction of Pb(OAc)(2) with 1,4-benzenedithiol in diethylenetriamine at 130 °C yields [Pb(SC(6)H(4)S)(dien)](n). Both products are crystalline materials, and structure determination by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction revealed that both are essentially one-dimensional metal-organic polymers with -M-SC(6)H(4)S- repeat units. Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy indicates band gaps of 2.89 eV for [Hg(SC(6)H(4)S)(en)](n) and 2.54 eV for [Pb(SC(6)H(4)S)(dien)](n), while density functional theory (DFT) band structure calculations yielded band gaps of 2.24 and 2.10 eV, respectively. The two compounds are both infinite polymers of metal atoms linked by 1,4-benzenedithiolate, the prototypical molecule for single-molecule conductivity studies, yet neither compound has significant electrical conductivity as a pressed pellet. In the case of [Pb(SC(6)H(4)S)(dien)](n) calculations indicate fairly flat bands and therefore low carrier mobilities, while the conduction band of [Hg(SC(6)H(4)S)(en)](n) does have moderate dispersion and a calculated electron effective mass of 0.29·m(e). Hybridization of the empty Hg 6s orbital with SC(6)H(4)S orbitals in the conduction band leads to the band dispersion, and suggests that similar hybrid materials with smaller band gaps will be good semiconductors.     

Electronic coupling mediated by stacked [Thymine-Hg-Thymine] base pairs

Very recently it has been shown that stable metal-mediated base pairs [Thymine-Hg-Thymine] can form in DNA. To estimate the effect of such pairs on the efficiency of charge transfer through DNA, we carry out quantum mechanical calculations of double-stranded pi-stacks GXG, GXXG, and GXXXG, where X = [Thymine-Hg-Thymine] and stacks GT(n)G of canonical base pairs. The charge-transfer efficiency in short duplexes GXG and GTG is found to be similar. However, the donor-acceptor coupling in GXXG and GXXXG is stronger by a factor of 2.5-3.0 than that in GT(n)G (n = 2 and 3), respectively. It is shown that the valence orbitals of Hg atoms do not essentially participate in mediating the electronic coupling for hole transfer; however, they may play an important role in excess electron transfer.     

Influence of symmetry of the unit cell on electronic properties of conjugated heteropolyarylenes

Model calculations of the band structures of polyparaphenylene (PPP) and polypyridine (PP) have been carried out with different symmetries for the unit cell. It has been shown that the inclusion of a heteroatom in PPP partially reduces the band gap and the dispersion of the valence band formed by the levels of the pyridine rings (in the case of angularly coordinated 2,2-PP, the valence band is populated by the lone pairs of the nitrogen atoms). The steric influence of substituents on the electronic properties of polymers has been evaluated. Drastic narrowing of the forbidden gap has been discovered upon the transition of PP to its quinoidal structure, and it may attest to the possibility of the realization of a bipolar mechanism of conduction at high degrees of doping of such polymers.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 471–474, July–August, 1988.     

Electrical Conduction Study of Polymers with Indophenine Repeating Units

It has been established that the dark conduction of isatin-[thiophene]-indophenine and of three polymers in which it is a repeating unit is described by the expression [sgrave] = [sgrave] exp (Eact/kT). The indophenine repeating units in the polymers are connected with a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a methylene group. The electronic spectra in solution and in the solid state indicate that these bonds between the basic units do not interrupt the conjugation along the chain. There is no correlation between the activation energy calculated from optical data and the thermal activation energy of conduction. The latter is considered as a sum of the energy necessary for the generation of the carriers and the energies needed to overcome the intramolecular and intermolecular potential barriers. The values of the parameters characteristic of the semiconducting properties are determined in the first place by the structure of the polymers as a solid body. Crystallinity tends to improve the electrophysical properties. The participation of heteroatoms and groups in the polymer chain, provided they do not interrupt the conjugation, has a favorable effect in cases where their presence improves the intermolecular interaction. A “compensation effect” is to be observed for all substances in vacuum and in air. The experimental data are best explained by the hopping model of electrical conduction.     

新型低带隙聚合物结构和性质的理论研究

本文将3,4-次乙烯二氧噻吩（VDOT）与噻吩并[3,4-b]吡嗪（TP）,呋喃并[3,4-b]吡嗪（FP）和6H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡嗪（PP）组合,获得了一系列3,4-次乙烯二氧噻吩衍生物.采用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP/6-31G＊理论水平下对其单体、低聚物和聚合物的结构和电子性质进行了深入的理论研究.通过分析键长的变化、中心键性质,Wiberg键级（WBI）以及核独立化学位移,发现随着聚合度的增加物质的共轭性也随之增加.为了了解不同的VDOT与TP、FP、PP比例对电子性质的影响,对V-P比例为1：1、1：2和2：1时的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,V-P比例为1：2化合物共轭性最好,而2：1的共轭性最差.由于1：2的二聚物具有较大的电子迁移速率,其相应的聚合物可能是潜在的电子传输材料.同时,聚合物的能带结构显示V-P比例为1：1的聚合物（包括（VDOT-TP）n,（VDOT-FP）n和（VDOT-TP）n）具有相对低的带隙和很宽的带宽,可以做为潜在的导电材料.另外,（VDOT-BTP）n和（VDOT-BFP）n有着非常低的带隙（分别为0.73和0.87eV）,且拥有合适的带宽,也是良好的本征导电材料.     

BONDING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEXES[MoS4（CuCN）n]2—（n=1,2）

<正> The electronic structures and bonding properties of the Mo-Cu-S complexes with a general formula [MoS4(CuCN)n]2-(n=1,2)have been investigated by using CNDO/2 method,and the effect of electron transfer on the formation of the Mo-Cu-S complexes has been discussed based on the bonding properties and the energy of the frontier orbitals.