聚丙烯酰胺胶凝动力学的研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PA)水溶液的胶凝作用已成功地应用于油井堵水及二、三次采油的压裂工艺~[1].1979年Hessert等~[2]用Cr(Ⅵ)还原生成的Cr(Ⅲ)使PA交联成三维凝胶并用于采油,Terry等~[3]用稳态剪切粘度法对影响该过程动力学的因素作过研究.Prud'hornme等~[4]用流变模数随时间的变化来表征胶凝的速率.Sydansk~[5,6]对Cr(Ⅲ)使PA水溶液发生胶凝的速率及     

单分散聚合物微球及高效阴离子色谱固定相的研制

单分散聚合物微球(MPMP)有着重要的应用价值,具有一定交联度的MPMP可作为液相色谱、离子色谱、氨基酸分析等高效固定相.MPMP的制备国外已有专利报道~[1～4],而国内的研究则很少.高效离子色谱技术1975年由Small~[5]创立.自八十年代初,我国相继引进了大量离子色谱仪并开展了一些应用及开发性研究工作~[6,7].但由于微球制备技术落后,国     

钴(Ⅲ)氨配合物及配离子的颜色

某些教科书对[Co(NH_3)_6]~(3+)及[Co(NH_3)_6]~(2+)等配离子的颜色说法不一。本文作者合成了有关的两种钴氨配合物,进行了红外和X射线结构鉴定,绘制了其水溶液的吸收曲线,证明[Co(NH_3)_6]~(3+)为土黄色,而非如许多教科书上所记述的粉红色.     

电泳管的改进及使用

中山大学及北京师范大学编写的《无机化学实验》中,有过二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应速度的测定实验.在水溶液中,该反应的离子反应式为: S_2O_8~2+3I~-=2SO_4~(2-)+I_3~-(1)+I_3~(1)反应速度方程可表示为: v=k[S_2O_3~(2-)]~m[I~-]~n(2)式中V是反应的瞬时速度,若[S_2O_8~(2-)]、[I~-]是起始浓度,则V表示起始速度.但实验测定的是在时间Δt内反应的平均速度V,在此时间内S_2O_8~(2-)浓度的改变量为Δ[S_2O_8~(2-)],故有V=-Δ[S_2O_8~(2-))]/(Δt))(3)显然,只在Δt很小时,才能平均速度代替起始     

笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)-硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的研究

研究了笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(CPV)-硫脲(TU)体系在硝酸溶液中引发丙烯腈(AN)聚合反应.表观聚合速度(R_P)是 R_P=1.0×10~8e~(-10.500/RT)[AN]~(1.0)[CPV]~(1.0)[TU]~(1.5)[HNO_3]~(3.0) 聚合诱导期(τ)随反应温度和物料浓度发生变化,可表示为 1/τ=5.2×10~9e~(-12.800/RT)[AN]~1.0[CPV]~1.0[TU]~1.5[HNO_3]~3.0实验结果表明,聚合反应以单基终止为特征,可能是和高分子载体较大的空间位阻有关.     

[Cu(dien)Cl]+与核苷酸作用的1H、31P NMR研究

本文用~1H-NMR和~(31)P-NMR谱研究了[Cu(dien)Cl]~+与5＇-AMP、5＇-GMP和5＇-CMP在pD=6.00条件下的共价键合作用.氢核磁共振谱研究表明[Cu(dien)]~(2+)与5＇-AMP可以在N-7和N-1位上键合,但N-7是最有利的键合位置.配离子与5＇-GMP、5＇-CMP、分别键合在N-7和N-3位置上.~(31)P核磁共振谱研究结果则表明[Cu(dien)]~(2+)还可以与单核苷酸上的磷酸酯根键合.并根据显著加宽质子峰及~(31)P峰的最低[Cu(dien)Cl]~+浓度,比较了[Cu(dien)]~(2+)对三种核苷酸的碱基与磷酸酯根的亲力.     

Mo-Ag类立方烷异四核簇[Mo~2Ag~2S~4](TDT)~2(PPh~3)~2的合成, 结构表征和反应性

采用[2+1+1]的设计合成模式, 以二核化合物[Mo~2S~4(TDT)~2](Me~4N)~2(1,TDT=S~2C~6H~3CH~3^2^-)为起始物,与Ag(PPh~3)~3(NO~3)反应,首次合成[Mo~2Ag~2S~4](TDT)~2(PPh~3)~2·CH~2Cl~2(2)的类立方烷异四核簇合物.文中报道了该化合物的晶体结构,红外光谱,紫外可见光谱和电化学研究结果, 以此簇合物和过量的Cu(PPh~3)~2dtp[dtp=S~2P(OEt)~2]反应发现金属Ag可被Cu取代,形成其同系物[Mo~2Cu~2S~4](TDT)~2(PPh~3)~2.这是迄今研究较少的原子簇反应类型.化合物的结晶学参数如下:单斜晶系,空间群:P2~1/n,晶胞参数:a=1.7202(4)nm,b=1.7632(3)nm,c=1.9033(8)nm.β=99.24(3)°,V=5.698(3)nm^3,Z=4,D~c=1.69g/cm^3.对于6158个衍射,最终结构偏离因子R=0.040,R~W=0.048     

杨梅型聚丙烯基亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)—硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的研究

研究了杨梅型聚丙烯基亚氨二乙酸钒(PIDA/VO)—硫脲(TU)体系在硫酸溶液中引发丙烯腈聚合动力学。表观聚合速度(Rp)和聚合物分子量(Mn)可分别表示为: Rp=2.2×10~5e~(-0860)/RT[AN]~1.0[PV]~0.50[TU]~1.5[H_2SO_4]~2.0 Mn=K·1/T·[AN]/[PV]~0.50[TU]~1.5[H_2SO_4]~2.0其中([PV]~0.05[TU]~1.5[H_2SO_4]~2.0)~2是正比于引发种浓度。由此可见,链自由基是以双基反应终止,伯基终止及链转移终止的可能性较少。和聚羧酸钒(Ⅳ)—硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的机理相同,杨梅型聚丙烯基亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)也表现出强烈的羧基间协同作用和大分子场效应。     

反相胶束膜模拟体系中氨基酸的光敏化氧化

研究了AOT/H_2O/甲苯反相胶束体系中,光敏剂H[TBC(O~iPr)_4P(OH)]的光化学性质及其对氨基酸的光敏化氧化.结果表明,反相胶束可促使光敏剂解聚,并提高其敏化产生和~1O_2~-的效率,溶于反相胶束水团中的色氨酸和酪氨酸可被H[TBC(O~iPr)_4P(OH)]光敏化氧化,反应以Ⅱ型机制(~1O_2)为主.氨基酸光氧化动力学研究表明,反相胶束所形成的微多相体系可改变光敏化反应的途径和动力学控制因素.     

INFLUENCES OF WATER-SOLUBLE CATIONIC MONOMERS ON THE POLYMERIZATION RATE IN THE INVERSE EMULSION

This investigation deals with the free radical polymerization both of (2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (QACEMA) and of diallyldimethyl ammoniumcbloride (DADMAC) in inverse emulsion. The influences of some factors, such as theconcentration of monomers, initiator and emulsifier are discussed. The polymerization rateequations of above two monomers can be written as follows:R_p= k[M]~(1.21) [I]~(0.82) [E]~(0.57) (for QACEMA)R_p= k'[M]~(1.34) [I]~(0.90)[E]~(0.62)(for DADMAC)     

Detailed analysis of the essential oil from Cistus albidus L. by combination of GC/RI, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy

The composition of the essential oil of Cistus albidus (L.) obtained from plants growing wild in Provence (France) has been investigated using GC-RI (RI = retention indices), GC/MS and (13)C-NMR. Eighty-eight components were reported accounting for 81.8% of the essential oil. This essential oil was characterized by a high content of sesquiterpenes with alpha-zingiberene (12.8%), alpha-curcumene (7.7%), (E)-beta-caryophyllene (5.9%), alpha-cadinol (5.4%), alpha-bisabolol (4.1%), caryophyllene oxide (3.8%), allo-aromadendrene (3.4%), delta-cadinene (3.4%), and germacrene D (3.1%) being the main components.     

Composition of the essential oil of rootstock from Cimicifuga simplex

The composition of the essential oils from rootstock of Cimicifuga simplex has been investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS. The main components in essential oil were m-acetanisole (27.57%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (6.84%), paeonol (5.58%), caproic acid (5.07%) and atractylone (3.10%). The oil was characterized by a high content of aromatic components (52.59%).     

Phytochemical investigation and antifeedant activity of Premna latifolia leaves

The essential oil of Premna latifolia Roxb. was obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of the plant having an oil yield of 0.05%, both non-polar and essential oil were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Hexane fraction of the leaves of P. latifolia was transesterified and analysed by GC and GC-MS, 40 non-polar components were identified comprising 89.3%. The most abundant fatty acid constituents were hexadecanoic acid (25.04%), 8,11,14-docosatrienoic acid (13.62%), octadecanoic acid (6.82%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (4.19%) and 29 components were investigated in the essential oil which comprises 78.1%. The most abundant oil constituents were 1-octen-3-ol (35.69%), terpendiol II (7.19%), δ-guaiene (7.49%) 2-undecanone (4.80%) and α-pinene (3.27%). Different extracts were also tested against polyphagous crop pest Spodoptera litura for antifeedant activity. Essential oil showed maximum growth reduction of 56.83% followed by chloroform extract of 43.93%.     

Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil from the roots of Illicium lanceolatum

Illicium lanceolatum is a popular aromatic and medicinal plant in China. Essential oil from the roots of I. lanceolatum, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC-MS. The essential oil was dominated by phenylpropenes. The major components were myristicin (17.63%), α-asarone (17.23%), methyl isoeugenol (11.19%), apiol (8.82%) and isolongifolol (5.94%). When investigated using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhe models and the xylene-induced ear oedema model, the essential oil showed significantly antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate that the essential oil may contain the bioactive components of I. lanceolatum. This is the first report on the chemistry, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of I. lanceolatum.     

Chemical composition of the essential oil of aerial parts of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. from Iran: a good natural source for trans-asaron

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. was investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS for the first time. Twelve components were identified which accounting for 99.7% of the oil composition. The major compounds were trans-asarone (59.9%), trans-methyl isoeugenol (22.4%), α-zingiberene (7.96%), β-sesquiphellandrene (4.7%) and β-bisabolene (4.3%). The first three compounds considered as the main components of the essential oil were isolated and characterised by spectroscopic techniques.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Pyrrosia tonkinensis (Giesenhagen) Ching

The present study aimed to analyse the chemical components of the essential oil from Pyrrosia tonkinensis by GC-MS and evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity. Twenty-eight compounds, representing 88.1% of the total essential oil, were identified and the major volatile components were trans-2-hexenal (22.1%), followed by nonanal (12.8%), limonene (9.6%), phytol (8.4%), 1-hexanol (3.8%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde (3.5%) and heptanal (3.1%). The antibacterial assays showed that the essential oil of P. tonkinensis had good antibacterial activities against all the tested microorganisms. This paper first reported the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from P. tonkinensis.     

Chemometrics-assisted gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile components of olive leaf oil

Iranian olive leaf essential oil components were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety-seven components were identified by direct similarity searches for olive leaf essential oil. Chemometrics was used to find more components with the help of multivariate curve resolution methods. Eigenvalues-based methods and Malinowski functions were used for chemical rank determination of GC–MS data. Multivariate curve resolution-alternative least squares as an iterative method was used for resolving the overlapped and embedded peaks. With the use of this method the number of 97 components was extended to 127 components. Major constituents in the olive leaf essential oil are 2-decenal-(E) (20.43 %), benzeneacetaldehyde (4.00 %), 2-undecenal (3.71 %) and valencen (3.31 %).     

GC/MS analysis and analgesic effect of the essential oil of Matricaria pubescens from Algeria

The essential oil of Matricaria pubescens (Asteraceae) collected at Ghardaia (Algerian Septentrional Sahara) was studied by GC and GC-MS. Isochrysanthemic acid ethyl ester (26.5%), spathulenol (19.4%), alpha-cadinol (12.9%) and geranylisovalerate (8.2%), were identified as the major components of the essential oil, which was investigated for its analgesic effect.     

Chemical constituents and antioxidant and biological activities of the essential oil from leaves of Solanum spirale

The essential oil of the leaves Solanium spirale Roxb. was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-nine constituents were identified, constituting 73.36% of the total chromatographical oil components. (E)-Phytol (48.10%), n-hexadecanoic acid (7.34%), beta-selinene (3.67%), alpha-selinene (2.74%), octadecanoic acid (2.12%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.00%) were the major components of this oil. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The oil exhibited week antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.89 mg/mL. The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 43.0 microg/mL and 21.5 microg/mL, respectively. It also showed significant cytotoxicity against KB (oral cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with the IC50 values of 26.42, 19.69, and 24.02 microg/mL, respectively.     

Essential oil composition of three species of Scutellaria from Turkey

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Scutellaria diffusa, Scutellaria heterophylla and Scutellaria salviifolia were separately identified simultaneously by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components were determined as hexadecanoic acid (30%) and caryophyllene oxide (9%) in the oil of S. diffusa. Germacrene D (21%), hexadecanoic acid (16%) and β-caryophyllene (13%) were found as major components in the oil of S. heterophylla. The main components of the oil of S. salviifolia were germacrene D (40%), bicyclogermacrene (14%) and β-caryophyllene (11%). Overall, individually 63, 68 and 43 constituents were identified in the aerial parts of S. diffusa, S. heterophylla and S. salviifolia essential oils representing 92.1%, 89.9% and 90% of the total, respectively.