Cu~(2+)—Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了Cu~(2+)—Na_2SO_3氧化还原体系在静置的密闭空气气氛下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯水溶液聚合。表现聚合速度(R_P)是 R_=1.86×10~(15)e~(-101.6k/RT)[MMA]~(1.0)[Cu~(2+)]~0[Na_2SO_3]~(0.50) 复盖气氛对聚合有显著影响。氧抑制聚合反应,但可使Cu~(2+)离子氧化再生,表现为低的表观聚合速度和高的碰撞频率因子与表观聚合活化能。本文讨论了引发聚合机理。     

杨梅形高分子载体的链结构对钯加氢催化剂活性的影响

制备了四种杨梅形高分子载钯催化剂,考察了它们对苯乙烯的催化加氢活性。结果表明、具有不同配位功能基的催化剂,其催化活性有较大差异,其中对金属离子吸附能力弱的分散钯催化剂表现出较高的催化活性。接枝链上嵌入丙烯酸甲酯单元抑制了催化剂的加氢活性。反应体系的酸度对催化剂的活性的影响比较复杂,有等进一步探讨。     

笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)-硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的研究

研究了笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(CPV)-硫脲(TU)体系在硝酸溶液中引发丙烯腈(AN)聚合反应.表观聚合速度(R_P)是 R_P=1.0×10~8e~(-10.500/RT)[AN]~(1.0)[CPV]~(1.0)[TU]~(1.5)[HNO_3]~(3.0) 聚合诱导期(τ)随反应温度和物料浓度发生变化,可表示为 1/τ=5.2×10~9e~(-12.800/RT)[AN]~1.0[CPV]~1.0[TU]~1.5[HNO_3]~3.0实验结果表明,聚合反应以单基终止为特征,可能是和高分子载体较大的空间位阻有关.     

杨梅形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)—硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的研究

研究了杨梅形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸树脂负载VO~(2+)(PV)与疏脲(TU)组合在硝酸溶液中引发丙烯腈(AN)的聚合反应。在实验条件下,表观聚全速度可表示为 R_p=1.91×10~5e~(-45.0/RT)c~(1.9)(AN)c~(1.0)(HNO_3)c~(0.60)(PV)c~(1.50)(TU) 聚合诱导期(τ)与反应物浓度和聚合温度关系是 1/τ=8.27×10~7e~(-38.3/RT)c~(1.9)(HNO_3)c~(0.60)(PV)C~(1.50)(TU)=K_τ;·R_i/R_p 在酸性介质中,氨羧基的协同作用促使键合的VO~(2+)氧化为VO_2~+,随后硫脲配位并通过氢桥缔合,后者分解生成初级自由基,引发丙烯腈的聚合反应。     

笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(Ⅳ)-硫脲体系引发丙烯腈聚合的研究

 研究了笼形聚肟偕亚氨二乙酸钒(CPV)-硫脲(TU)体系在硝酸溶液中引发丙烯腈(AN)聚合反应.表观聚合速度(R_P)是 R_P=1.0×10⁸e(-10.500/RT)[AN]^1.0[CPV]^1.0[TU]^1.5[HNO₃]^3.0 聚合诱导期(τ)随反应温度和物料浓度发生变化,可表示为 1/τ=5.2×10⁹e^-12.800/RT[AN]^1.0[CPV]^1.0[TU]^1.5[HNO₃]^3.0实验结果表明,聚合反应以单基终止为特征,可能是和高分子载体较大的空间位阻有关.     

Cu~(2+)离子浓度对Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合机理的影响

<正> 氧化还原体系引发乙烯类单体自由基聚合过程中,氧化剂或还原剂浓度的变化可能引起聚合机理的改变,Reddy等研究“铜(Ⅱ)——维生素C-氧”体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的自由基聚合时,发现随着Cu~(2+)离子浓度增加,聚合速度由上升至下降;单体反应级数从3/2增至2.0,我们在空气气氛下,对Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合进行了研究,亦发现Cu~(2+)离子浓度对聚合速度和聚合机理有很大影响,在较低的Cu~(2+)离子浓     

Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via GHZ4 state

Quantum steganography that utilizes quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, El Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using GHZ₄ state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ₄ state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ₄ state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ₄ state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ₄ state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ₄ state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency.     

Cu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了Gu~(2+)-Na_2SO_3氧化还原体系在静置的密闭空气气氛下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯水溶液聚合。表观聚合速度(R_p)是 R_p=1.86×10~(15)e~(-24,200/RT)[MMA]~(1·0)[Cu~(2+)]~0[Na_2SO_]~(0·50)覆盖气氛对聚合有显著影响。氧抑制聚合反应,但可使Gu~(2+)离子氧化再生。表现为低的表观聚合速度和高的碰撞频率因子与表现聚合活化能。 本文讨论了引发聚合机理。     

KINETICS OF POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE INITIATED BY COPPER POLYPROPYLENE-BASED POLYAMIDOXIME-SODIUM SULFITE SYSTEM*

The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by copper polypropylene-based polyamidoxime (PPAO-Cu) -sodium sulfite system was investigated. The overall rate of polymerization (R_p) isR_p=9.7 x 10~(12) e~(-21.200/RT) [MMA]~(O.88)[Na_2 SO_3]~(0.50)The length of the induction period (τ) is inversely proportional to the concentration of sodium sultite and independent of the amount of polymer supported copper and the concentration of monomer. It could be expressed as follows:1/τ=1.2x10~(12)e~(-15.600/RT)[Na_2SO_3]=K_τR_iThe polymerization is initiated by a primary radical generated from the redox reaction rather than induced by "coordination-proton transfer" mechanism.     

聚丙烯基聚肟偕氨合铜(Ⅱ)—亚硫酸钠体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合动力学

研究了聚丙烯基聚肟偕氮合铜(Ⅱ)(PPAO—Cu)—亚硫酸钠体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)水溶液聚合。表观聚合速度(Rp)是 Rp=9.7×10~(12)e~(88.8kJ/RT) c(MMA)~(0.88) c(Na_2SO_3)~(0.50) 聚合诱导期(τ)与亚硫酸钠浓度成反比,与PPAO—Cu用量和单体浓度无关。可表示为 1/τ=1.2×10~(12)e~(-55.3KJ/R) c(Na_2SO_3)=K_τ·R_ 聚合是由PPAO—Cu/Na_2SO_3氧化还原反应产生的初级自由基所引发。