共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 484 毫秒
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本文详细综述了从30年代到现在国内外废旧塑料再生利用技术发展的过程及近几年废塑料回收最新技术,对未来肇旧塑料回收利用的发展趋势进行了预测。 相似文献
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低温煤焦油与废旧塑料共熔油化的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用自制的反应装置研究了预处理后的低温煤焦油与废旧塑料共熔油化所得到的油品的性质,并分别与低温煤焦油和废旧塑料热裂解油品的性质进行了比较,考察了主要工艺条件对共熔油化过程的转化率和产品性质的影响。结果表明,在适当的添加煤焦油后,从废旧塑料热裂解和催化裂解得到的汽油的质量有所提高,但对柴油的质量影响不大。采用低温煤焦油与废旧塑料共熔油化的工艺不仅为“白色污染”的处理开辟了一条新途径,而且扩大了低温煤焦油的应用 相似文献
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大量废弃塑料引发了一系列的环境和生态问题,其转化和利用一直受到广泛关注.塑料中含有丰富的碳元素,但这些碳元素往往以惰性的C–C键和C–H键形式存在,因此如何利用这些碳资源成为一大难题和挑战.以往部分研究已经提供了塑料催化转化制备碳材料、化学品和燃料的可能性,但是自然界中的废弃塑料总量庞大,需要考虑其转化过程中的能量来源.地球上有丰富的太阳能资源,光催化过程有可能利用太阳能来实现温和条件下的废弃塑料转化.在以往的研究中,光催化塑料降解和光催化塑料重整过程主要关注的目标产物分别是CO2和H2.相较而言,光催化塑料转化制备低碳数有机化合物的过程有望助力碳循环经济的发展.近年来报道了一些光催化塑料转化制备低碳数有机化合物的研究工作,这些研究为获取和利用塑料中的碳资源提供了新的研究思路和策略.本文概括对比了光催化塑料降解、光催化塑料重整和光催化塑料转化制备低碳数有机化合物三种过程的差异,包括其中的目标产物和相应的反应活性物种.此外,本文总结了光催化塑料转化制备低碳数化合物的反应方法.简要地说,塑料可以经过光催化选择性氧化、氧化偶联和水解脱氢等策略来得到低碳数的化学品和燃料,涉及利用光催化氧化过程断裂塑料中的C–C键,利用水解过程断裂塑料的C–N和C–O键,以及利用光催化脱氢过程断裂中间产物的O–H键和N–H键等关键步骤.在光催化塑料转化到低碳数有机产物的文献报道中,主要涉及液固相反应体系和反应器,需要考虑反应溶剂的选择.水是理想的溶剂,但对塑料的溶解能力有限.当使用其他有机溶剂时,需要利用同位素标记实验验证产物中的碳物种来源.此外,实际废弃塑料上残留的其他杂质会影响光催化剂的吸光过程,降低光催化反应效率,因此亟需设计和开发合理的光反应器来提高对光能的利用率,实现塑料的高效转化.虽然塑料制备低碳数化学品和燃料的光催化转化策略已有研究报道,但未来仍需探索更加高效的转化路线.此外,塑料主要呈现高分子聚合物的结构,未来的研究可以借鉴对生物质等天然聚合物分子的转化策略. 相似文献
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《印度化学会志》2023,100(2):100904
Because of characteristics including simplicity of processing, light weight, recyclability, and low cost of production, plastic production and usage have risen every day. As a result, there is now more waste plastic generated every day, and it will be opening up a brand-new field of study for researchers to investigate and solve these issues. An ecologically friendly approach is needed to solve these problems. One approach is to recycle this kind of waste. There are several ways to recycle used plastics, but practically all of them have good and bad points. About a few decades ago, the glycolysis of used PET polymers gained industrial attention. Since used poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plastics may be recycled using the most advantageous and promising techniques. This works an optimization parameter of chemical recycling of PET waste without utilizing any solvent as a reaction medium by changing a number of variables, such as catalyst types and the molar ratio of EG: PET, catalyst ratio and also recycled catalyst and reagent. The recovered Bio-catalyst (OPA/BLA) still maintained excellent catalytic efficiency for PET Glycolysis after six consecutive cycles. Optimized reaction condition was PET:EG (1:16) molar ratio 1% w/w catalyst at 192–200 °C reaction temperature obtaining 60.32% Yield of BHET product at 98.40% of PET conversion. Final product was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS data. 相似文献
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TGA技术研究城市生活垃圾燃烧特性 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
采用TGA(热解重量分析法)技术,考察了山西省晋城市区生活垃圾不同组分的着火及燃烧特性,实验室出了原生垃圾中不同组分(包括废塑料类,废纸类,废弃织物类,植物类,厨余类和细粒类)垃圾的TG/DTG曲线,着火温度及其它燃烧特征参数,通过对TG/DTG曲线,着火温度及燃烧特征参数的分析,首次提出了一种在TGA技术中确定着火温度的新方法,给出上述不同垃圾组分的开始热分解温度,着火温度,燃尽温度以及平均燃烧速率等重要参数,并对各种垃圾的着火及燃烧特性进行了对比研究,为垃圾焚烧工业化应用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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Laetitia Couret Mark Irle Christophe Belloncle Bernard Cathala 《Cellulose (London, England)》2017,24(5):2125-2137
This study investigates the potential of wood wastes, specifically post-consumer fiberboards, as a new source for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). This underused resource has currently no commercially viable way to recycle it and so the volumes of fiberboard waste are growing rapidly. A sequential chemical fractionation was used to separate the three main constituents of wood, namely cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, and the non-wood components present in fiberboards, such as resins and finishes (e.g. varnishes, paints, plastics, laminates, etc.). Most of the non-cellulosic components and non-wood elements were removed by an alkali treatment followed by bleaching, resulting in a cellulosic fraction which is suitable for the further isolation of CNC by an acid hydrolysis step. The intermediate and final products were characterized by chemical composition, microscopic, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. The CNC obtained from wood waste are totally devoid of traces of contaminants and possess comparable characteristics and quality to those extracted from virgin wood fibers. The results indicate that fiberboard wastes can be used as promising alternative source for nanocelluloses production. 相似文献
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利用焦化工艺处理废塑料技术研究 Ⅰ. 热天平与10 g固定床实验 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
利用热天平和10 g固定床反应器分别考察了北京市生活垃圾中的废塑料与首钢炼焦配煤的热失重特性及热解产物分布规律。实验研究表明,首钢炼焦配煤主要热分解温度区域为300 ℃~750 ℃,北京市废塑料主要热分解温度区域为300 ℃~550 ℃,二者在相互重叠的失重温度区间产生“协同效应”,且在一定配比范围内,共热解产物出现 “增油减水”现象。首次提出了协同效应强度的概念及其计算式: 和 ,并得出废塑料的添加量为1%时,协同效应强度最大。 相似文献
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《印度化学会志》2023,100(1):100843
Waste management is become one of the world's most pressing issues. Plastic is one of the most widely utilised materials in the modern world. Plastic manufacturing and usage have risen globally in recent decades due to its low weight and outstanding mechanical properties. Plastic has a wide range of applications due to such good properties include lightweight, high strength, and extended durability. Because of plastics are non- or low-biodegradable, a vast quantity of plastic waste is generated every day, making waste disposal the most pressing matter globally. Furthermore, improper waste disposal pollutes the environment. An ecologically friendly approach is necessary to locket these issues. One of the solutions is to recycle this sort of garbage. There are many plastic recycling technologies available, however practically all of them have certain restrictions. Chemical recycling of plastic, on the other hand, has been shown to be more efficient than other recycling methods. This article provides a quick overview of chemical recycling of PET post-consumer waste and the synthesis of potentially value-added products such as dye or dyestuffs, bolaform surfactant, bio-degradable polyesters, drug carrier, Metal-organic framework (MOF), bio-degradable polymeric scaffolds, polyurethane foam and coating materials etc. 相似文献