共混方法对聚氯乙烯/聚丙撑碳酸酯相容性影响

本文分别用溶液法和熔融法制得聚氯乙烯（PVC）与聚丙撑碳酸酯（PPC）共混试样，用DSC证明PVC／PPC共混物不相容，但它们不相容的程度受分子量、共混比例等因素的影响，并根据玻璃化转变温度（Tg）计算出溶液共混试样PPC富相中PVC的重量百分含量。NBR／PPC弹性体作偶联剂对PVC／PPC共混体系具有较好的增容作用，共混物中PPC的用量及分子量对共混体系性能有一定的影响。     

热致液晶乙基纤维素与尼龙－1010共混物的研究

在自制单螺杆小型挤出机上通过熔融共混的办法，制备了不同配比（５／９５—２５／７５）的ＥＣ／Ｎｙｌｏｎ—１０１０共混物．用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、毛细管流变仪、力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行了研究．发现共混后尼龙－１０１０的形态结构有明显改变，其强度、模量都有提高，在高剪切速率下，共混物粘度大大降低．配比为１５８５时，这些性能的改进尤为明显．     

离聚物Surlyn对PBT/PP共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响

用力学性能测试、ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ等方法研究了离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ对ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ共混体系中引入少量Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ可以改善界面的粘接性，从而改善其力学性能。当共混体系中ＰＢＴ／ＰＰ的组份比不变（９０／１０）且Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量为６ｐｈｒ左右时，共混物的冲击强度出现极大值；而弯曲强度在Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ含量为１－２ｐｈｒ左右时有最大值。当共混体系中Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ的含量不变（６ｐｈｒ）时，其力学性能随ＰＰ含量的增加而下降。用玻璃纤维增强共混体系，可显著提高力学性能。     

加工条件对聚丙烯/尼龙6原位成纤复合材料的影响

分别用不同的加工温度、挤出螺杆转速、牵引速率在单螺杆挤出机中挤出PP／N6（聚丙烯／尼龙6）共混物，得到不同加工条件下的PP／N6原位成纤复合材料．对不同加工条件下得到的共混物的分散相形态、力学性能进行研究．发现螺杆转速越高、牵引速率越快、加工温度越低，分散的N6纤维尺寸越小，复合材料的力学性能越好．     

水辅助加工法制备聚丙撑碳酸酯/淀粉共混物

分别采用普通熔融共混法和水辅助加工法,制备了具有不同共混形态的聚丙撑碳酸酯(PPC)/淀粉共混物,并研究了淀粉分散形态对共混物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、流变以及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用普通熔融共混法时,淀粉未发生糊化,并以原颗粒状分散于基体中;而采用水辅助加工法时,淀粉发生糊化,并在挤出过程中原位形成纤维结构。当淀粉以纤维形式分散于PPC基体中时,其与PPC间的界面接触面积显著增加,二者的相互作用增强,PPC/淀粉共混物的Tg、储能模量以及复合黏度显著提高。力学性能测试结果表明,当淀粉质量分数为30%,采用水辅助加工法制备的PPC/淀粉共混物的拉伸模量相比于纯PPC提高了67.7%。     

轻质碳酸钙／聚丙烯共混物中聚丙烯β－晶的成核结晶研究

用Ｘ射线衍射和差示扫描量热法研究了轻质碳酸钙／聚丙烯共混物（Ｌ－ＣａＣＯ３／ＰＰ）中ＰＰβ－晶的成核结晶现象，发现ＰＰβ－晶的成核结晶与ＰＰ的来源和Ｌ－ＣａＣＯ３在共混物中的含量有关，铝酸酯偶联剂对共混体系的ＰＰβ－晶的成核结晶有显著的增强作用．分析认为共混物中ＰＰβ－晶的成核结晶现象是ＰＰ中存在的某些杂质（主要是催化剂残余物）与Ｌ－ＣａＣＯ３组成的复合成核剂作用的结果，而铝酸酯是这种复合成核剂的一种促进剂．     

线性聚酯酰胺对聚碳酸亚丙酯的改性

通过己内酯和氨基己酸开环、缩合反应制备了酯段含量为81%的线性聚酯酰胺（PEA）,并用熔融共混的方法制备了PEA/聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）共混物,考察了PEA的引入对共混体系相容性、热力学稳定性和机械性能的影响。 结果表明,PEA与PPC之间有较好的相容性,共混物的热力学稳定性比PPC有显著提高,当PEA质量分数为3%时,共混体系的起始分解温度（T-5%）和最大分解速率时的温度（Tmax）比PPC分别提高了52.7%和46.4%。 通过调节PEA的含量可以使共混体系同时达到增强和增韧的效果。     

PPC／NBR弹性体的结构与性能

本文研究了聚丙撑碳酸酯(PPC)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)弹性体结构形态、动态力学性能、力学性能、耐油、耐热氧老化及耐化学介质稳定性。发现PPC/NBR弹性体呈现IPN结构特征,加入PPC使NBR拉伸强度、扯断伸长率大幅度提高。PPC/NBR弹陸体具有优良的耐油及耐热氧老化稳定性。     

EAA增容LLDPE／SAN共混物的形态及力学性能

采用SEM及力学性能测试等方法，研究了乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物（EAA）含量对其增容线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）／苯乙烯－丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）共混物形态及性能的影响．发现少量的EAA可使共混物中SAN相的相尺寸减小，共混物模量、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率提高．当EAA的含量增加至11．7％时，它在共混物中两相界而的分布达到饱和，即增容剂饱和浓度Cs=11．7％；此时，共混物形态及性能的变化趋势出现明显转折．明显过量的EAA主要起增韧作用．EAA的增容机理为，它与LLDPE组分的非晶区可部分相容，同时又与SAN相存在着分子间特殊作用.     

热致液晶PEI与PES—C共混物的研究

通过熔融共混,制备不同配比（２．５／９７．５－７５／２５）的ＰＥＩ／ＰＥＳ－Ｃ共混物,使用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、锥板流变仪、力学性能测试、ＳＥＭ等方法对共混物进行了研究。共混后强度、模量均有提高,在高剪切速率下,共混物的粘度有所降低。扫描电镜照片显示,共混物具有“皮芯”结构。     

偶联剂对聚氯乙烯－聚丙撑碳酸酯共混体系力学性能的影响

偶联剂对聚氯乙烯－聚丙撑碳酸酯共混体系力学性能的影响王胜杰，黄玉惠，丛广民（中国科学院广州化学研究所广州５１０６５０）关键词聚氯乙烯，聚丙撑碳酸酯，偶联剂，丁腈胶，过氧化苯甲酰，共混聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）是用量巨大的通用塑料，其软性制品需用大量的增塑剂，...     

Preparation and properties of composites made from rice straw and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Rice straw was employed for the preparation of lignocellulosic‐poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites. The effect of pretreatment of rice straw, concentration of PVC, pressure as well as pressing temperature on the mechanical properties and water absorption was studied. Also, the effect of lignin as coupling agent on the mechanical properties and water absorption of composite was studied. Composites of rice straw comprising both PVC and a coupling agent offer superior properties compared to those made from only rice straw and PVC. The extent of improvement in the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of composites depended not only on the pretreatment of rice straw, concentration of PVC and lignin but also on pressure and pressing temperature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) on thermal behavior and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PHB/PPC) blends

To assess the compatibility of blends of synthetic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with a natural bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a simple casting procedure of blend was used. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends are found to be incompatible according to DSC and DMA analysis. In order to improve the compatibility and mechanical properties of PHB/PPC blends, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was added as a compatibilizer. The effects of PVAc on the thermal behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of 70PHB/30PPC blend were investigated. The results show that the melting point and the crystallization temperature of PHB in blends decrease with the increase of PVAc content in blends, the loss factor changes from two separate peaks of 70PHB/30PPC blend to one peak of 70PHB/30PPC/12PVAc blend. It is also found that adding PVAc into 70PHB/30PPC blend can decrease the size of dispersed phase from morphology analysis. The result of tensile properties shows that PVAc can increase the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 70PHB/30PPC blend, and both the elongation at break and the tensile toughness increase significantly with PVAc added into 70PHB/30PPC.     

Mechanical,thermal and rheological properties and morphology of poly (lactic acid)/poly (propylene carbonate) blends prepared by vane extruder

In this study, the poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) blends with different compositions were prepared by a novel vane extruder based on elongation rheology. The mechanical properties, morphologies, crystallization behavior, thermal stability, and rheological properties of the blends were investigated. Mechanical test showed that PLA could be toughened by PPC to some extent, and the impact strength of the PLA was maximized when PPC content was about 30%. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that PPC had little effect on the melting process, the crystallization behavior of PLA component in the blend was improved, and the cold crystallizability of PLA decreased with the increase of PPC content when the PPC content was less than 50%. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the thermal stability of the blends was improved by compounding with PLA. Scanning electron microscope showed that the dispersion of PLA droplets in PPC matrix was better than that of PPC droplets in PLA matrix. Rheological test showed that the melt viscosity of the pure PLA and the blend with 10% PPC was insensitive to shear rate, and the blends melt appeared shear thinning phenomenon with the increase of PPC content. It also showed that the blends microstructure changed with the addition of PPC and the blends with PPC content in a certain range had similar stress relaxation mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical properties of dual-phase polymer electrolytes prepared from poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber/poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber mixed latices

Mechanical properties of two dual-phase polymer electrolytes (DPEs), prepared from poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber (NBR) latices, are studied. Both DPEs are composed of an SBR supporting phase and an ionconductive phase of NBR/lithium salt solution. The first DPE maintains a tensile strength of 0.5 MPa and elongation of 280% with an ionic conductivity of 10^?3 S/cm. Although the glass transition relaxations based on the dual-phase structure are not resolved in this DPE because of the proximity of the glass transition temperatures of the SBR and NBR, the glass transition shifts to a lower temperature due to the plasticization by the lithium salt solution. In the second DPE, two distinctive glass transition relaxations, corresponding to the SBR and NBR phases, are observed in the viscoelasticity versus temperature measurement, indicating the dual-phase structure. A simple equivalent mechanical model, which is modified from the Takayanagi model, is introduced to elucidate the mechanical behavior of the dual-phase structure in the second DPE. According to this model, 8% of DPE is a mechanically continuous SBR phase in the tensile direction, which effectively gives mechanical support to the DPE. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

用DSC研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究了线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）共混相容性，说明了PU／VC、PU／CPVC的相容是由于共混物中形成了新的氢键的缘故．聚酯型聚氨酯与PVC、CPVC的相容性要好子聚酸型聚氨酯，CPVC与PU的相容性又要好于PVC．聚氨酯中硬段的引入不利于PU／PVC、PU／CPVC的相容性．     

用FTIR研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用溶液法得到线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PV）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）的共混物。用FTIR研究PU/PVC、PU／CPVC共混物的相容性，发现PVC、CPVC的加入破坏了PU中原来的氢键，并且PU中的炭基（C=0）与PVC、CPVC中的α－H形成了新的氢键，因而说明了PU／PVC、PU／CPVC共混物具有良好的相容性。     

Preparation and characterization of formaldehyde-modified black liquor lignin/poly (propylene carbonate) composites

In this paper, the black liquor lignin (BL) from pulp and paper industry was chemically modified using formaldehyde to adjust its aggregation structure and dispersion behavior. The properties of the formaldehyde-modified black liquor lignin (BLF) were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicated that the BLF had better dispersion ability than BL. Therefore, the BLF as reinforcing fillers was incorporated into poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) by melt compounding to prepare biodegradable BLF/PPC composites. The tensile properties, microstructure, thermal decomposition properties, and rheological properties of the BLF/PPC composites were investigated. Results showed that the performance of composites was depend on the dispersion of BLF. After adding a small amount of BLF into PPC, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, thermal stability, and processing stability of the composite were significantly improved.     

Toughening of poly(propylene carbonate) by carbon dioxide copolymer poly(urethane-amine) via hydrogen bonding interaction

A carbon dioxide copolymer poly(urethane-amine)(PUA) was blended with poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC) in order to improve the toughness and flexibility of PPC without sacrificing other mechanical properties. Compared with pure PPC, the PPC/PUA blend with 5 wt% PUA loading showed a 400% increase in elongation at break, whilst the corresponding yielding strength remained as high as 33.5 MPa and Young's modulus showed slightly decrease. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction in PPC/PUA blends was comfirmed by FTIR, 2D IR and XPS spectra analysis, and finely dispersed particulate structure of PUA in PPC was observed in the SEM images, which provided good evidence for the toughening mechanism of PPC.