核磁共振法测定依帕列净含量

分别以盐酸吉西他滨和齐多夫定为内标,采用定量核磁共振法对依帕列净含量进行测定。以氘代二甲亚砜和重水混合液为溶剂,确定氢定量核磁共振方法(1H-q NMR)的测试条件为:激发脉冲角度30°;时间域数据点32 K;测定温度303 K;脉冲延迟时间20 s;采样次数32;窗函数0.3 Hz。在此实验条件下,结果专属性良好,稳定性可达24 h,耐用性符合要求。以样品与内标的峰面积比对其摩尔比绘制标准曲线,结果显示,依帕列净与内标盐酸吉西他滨的摩尔比在0.512 5~1.953 8范围内,依帕列净与内标齐多夫定的摩尔比在0.494 7~1.966 0范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均为0.999 9。以盐酸吉西他滨和齐多夫定为内标时,依帕列净的含量测定结果分别为99.83%和99.77%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.06%和0.19%。2种内标方法的测定结果一致,所建立的方法专属、准确、简便、快捷,适用于新药的含量测定。     

核磁共振法测定苯基硅橡胶的苯基、乙烯基

采用核磁定量技术测定苯基硅橡胶苯基、乙烯基的含量,研究了氘代溶剂种类、脉冲角度、弛豫延迟时间等参数对测定结果的影响。结果表明,氘代氯仿的溶剂峰与苯基共振峰重叠,导致苯基含量测定结果偏高;手动校正谱图相位、基线得到的测定结果波动小;在3～24 s范围内,信噪比随着弛豫延迟时间的增加呈下降趋势;信噪比随着采样时间、扫描次数增加而增大。确定的实验条件:溶剂为氘代四氢呋喃,脉冲偏转角为30°,采样次数为128,采样时间为3 s,弛豫延迟时间为3 s,手动校正谱线。稳定性试验结果的离散系数为0.71%～1.9%(n=5)。用该方法对高纯度甲基苯基环硅氧烷的苯基及甲基乙烯基环硅氧烷中的乙烯基含量进行测试,测定结果分别为100.074%,98.538%,均接近理论值(100%),测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.06%,0.08%(n=5)。该方法稳定性好,精确度良好,可用于苯基硅橡胶苯基、乙烯基含量的测定。     

核磁共振定量法测定利培酮含量

采用氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法测定利培酮含量。氢核磁共振定量法以利培酮δ7.29~7.35处质子峰为定量峰,马来酸δ6.02处为内标峰,在恒温300 K,采样时间4.0 s,弛豫延迟时间15 s,扫描次数为32次条件下采集氢谱。氟核磁共振定量法以4-溴-2-氟-乙酰苯胺为内标,在恒温300 K,谱宽12 500.0 Hz,中心频率-43 662.7 Hz下采集氟谱。测试结果显示,利培酮氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法的含量测定结果基本与质量平衡法的结果一致。因此,核磁共振法可用于利培酮绝对含量的测定,具有快速、简单、准确的优势。     

^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定诺氟沙星标准品的绝对含量EI北大核心CSCD

采用^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定诺氟沙星标准品的绝对含量。^(1)H核磁共振定量法以DMSO-d6为溶剂,诺氟沙星峰(δ7.9)为定量峰,马来酸峰(δ6.3)为内标峰。在脉冲程序zg30,采样时间4.09 s,延迟时间20 s,扫描次数为16的条件下采集氢谱。^(19)F核磁共振定量法以利培酮为内标物,诺氟沙星峰(δ-121.3)为定量峰,利培酮峰(δ-109.9)为内标峰。在脉冲程序zgfhigqn.2,延迟时间7 s,扫描次数为16的条件下采集氟谱。^(1)H和^(19)F核磁共振定量法测定结果接近,且与质量平衡法测定结果一致。核磁共振定量法可用来测定诺氟沙星绝对含量,快速、简单高效、且不需要对照品。     

定量核磁共振技术测定嘧菌酯的含量

建立了一种测定嘧菌酯含量的核磁共振方法。以氯仿为溶剂,3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛为内标时,在扫描次数16次、脉冲等待时间10 s时,定量核磁共振方法得到的结果相对偏差小,精密度、重复性、稳定性、耐用性均能达到要求,在样品与内标的摩尔比在0.207~3.010范围内嘧菌酯含量与定量峰积分面积线性关系良好。     

NMR定量测定片剂中的对乙酰氨基酚

以基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾为内标,采用1H NMR法建立了对乙酰氨基酚片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定方法。考察了延迟时间、脉冲宽度和采样次数对测定结果的影响。选定核磁共振参数延迟时间1 s、脉冲宽度3μs、采样次数16次。结果显示,测定内标与标样的NMR峰面积比均小于0.4%,方法具有很好的重复性。将内标与标样的NMR峰面积比对其质量比绘制标准曲线,相关系数为1.000 0,内标的质量浓度为6 g/L时,对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为2～10 g/L。用标准曲线法和绝对定量模式(内标法)测定了3种不同厂家的片剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量。结果表明此方法与紫外分光光度法的测定结果一致,方法简单易行、结果准确。     

定量核磁共振波谱法测定片剂中吡罗昔康

建立了定量核磁共振波谱法测定片剂中吡罗昔康含量的方法。以咖啡因为内标,选择~1H-NM R的脉冲程序,延迟时间为12 s,采样次数为32次,以吡罗昔康中δ2.969的峰为定量峰,咖啡因中δ4.006的峰为内标定量峰。吡罗昔康与内标咖啡因的质量比在0.25~6.0的范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9993。吡罗昔康片的加标回收率为97.7%~101.0%,相对标准偏差为0.42%~1.2%。方法可用于吡罗昔康片剂含量的测定。     

氢核磁共振定量法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量

以马来酸作为内标物质,氢核磁共振定量法(qHNMR)测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利的含量。选择盐酸伊托必利δ7. 31～7. 40处为定量峰,马来酸δ6. 31处为内标峰,在恒温300K,弛豫延迟时间15 s,采样时间4. 01 s,扫描次数为64次条件下采集盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR图谱。比较HPLC法与qHNMR法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量的结果。qHNMR法在2. 31～18. 66 mg·mL~(-1)的范围内线性关系良好。低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为98. 52%、99. 72%、101. 11%,RSD为1. 17%(n=9),检测限(LOD)为50. 0 ng·mL~(-1),定量限(LOQ)为120. 0 ng·mL~(-1)。盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR法含量测定结果与HPLC法的测定结果基本一致。qHNMR法可用于测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利含量的测定。     

氯化镁-乙醇络合物中乙醇的NMR定量研究

利用核磁氢谱技术对氯化镁-乙醇络合物中的乙醇进行定量分析研究,结果表明,采样时间和延迟时间的值对定量结果有一定的影响。以四氢呋喃为内标,将采样时间和延迟时间分别设定为4s和20s,利用核磁氢谱内标法测得氯化镁-乙醇络合物中乙醇的质量分数为55.40%,与热重法测定结果相符合。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.13%(n=6)。     

核磁共振氢谱法测定甘露聚糖肽中多糖的含量

以甘露聚糖肽为研究对象,首次采用1H-NMR法测定多糖产品中的多糖含量。以基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾为内标,考察了弛豫延迟时间和采样次数对测定结果的影响。选定核磁共振参数弛豫延迟时间1 s,采样次数16次。考察结果表明,该方法具有很好的重复性和精密度。在对甘露聚糖肽定性鉴定的基础上,采用绝对定量方式测定了甘露聚糖肽实际样品的多糖含量,结果与苯酚-硫酸法一致。该方法专属性高,操作方便,结果准确,不仅可用于甘露聚糖肽中多糖含量的测定,还可用于其它结构明确的多糖含量测定。     

Quantitative 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method for Assessing the Purity of Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate

A simple, rapid, accurate, and selective quantitative method based on ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was successfully established and developed for assessing the purity of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (KG). In this study, using potassium hydrogen phthalate and fumaric acid as internal standard (IS), several important experimental parameters, such as relaxation delay and pulse angle, were explored. Reliability, specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, precision, stability, and accuracy were also validated. Calibration results obtained from qNMR were consistent with those obtained from HPLC coupled with ultraviolet detection. The proposed method, independent of the reference standard substance, is a useful, reliable, and practical protocol for the determination of KG and glycyrrhizin analogs.     

固相萃取-定量核磁共振波谱法测定板蓝根饮片中的表告依春

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-定量核磁共振波谱(qNMR)技术测定板蓝根饮片中有效成分表告依春含量的方法.样品用水超声提取两次,采用SPE对提取液进行富集浓缩,用qNMR测定表告依春的含量.考察了样品预处理和qNMR实验条件对测定结果的影响,选择氘代二甲基亚砜为溶剂,用基准试剂邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定的2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸为内标,选择脉冲宽度P1=14.1 μs,延迟时间d1=5 s,扫描次数NS=256为qNMR定量测定表告依春的最佳实验条件.表告依春的定量峰为δ 5.365~5.399 (H-7b, d,1H).结果表明,日内测量精密度(RSD)为0.5%,日间精密度为0.8%,表告依春与三碘苯甲酸峰面积比与质量比的零截距标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9991,且斜率与理论值相符.根据响应值标准偏差和标准曲线斜率法确定此法测定表告依春的检测限(LOD)为0.05 mg/g;定量限(LOQ, S/N ≥ 150)为0.19 mg/g.包括样品提取过程的表告依春的回收率为97.4%~101.7%.采用本方法测定板蓝根饮片中的表告依春的含量为<0.19~1.26 mg/g.研究结果表明,采用SPE进行富集,扩大了qNMR的应用范围,可用于低含量复杂样品的定量分析.     

保健食品中壮阳类西药成分的核磁共振氢谱定量分析

建立了保健食品中枸橼酸西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非的核磁共振氢谱定量(1H q NMR)分析方法。采用布鲁克Avance DRX 500超导核磁共振波谱仪,以氘代二甲亚砜为溶剂,2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸为内标物,优化了仪器采集参数,并进行了方法验证。结果表明:当内标添加量为2 mg、内标与待测化合物摩尔比在1∶0.1~1∶1.2范围时,标准曲线线性良好,相关系数(r2)不小于0.999;枸橼酸西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非的检出限分别为0.045,0.026,0.033 mg/m L,定量下限分别为0.218,0.128,0.159 mg/m L;日内精密度RSD值分别为0.38%,0.85%,0.34%;日间精密度RSD值分别为0.72%,1.2%,1.4%。利用所建立的方法对13种实际样品进行定量分析;并将测试结果与HPLC-DAD法测试结果进行比较,两种测试结果的RSD在1%~8%之间。     

Quantitative determination and validation of octreotide acetate using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy with internal standard method

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is a well‐established technique in quantitative analysis. We presented a validated ¹H‐qNMR method for assay of octreotide acetate, a kind of cyclic octopeptide. Deuterium oxide was used to remove the undesired exchangeable peaks, which was referred to as proton exchange, in order to make the quantitative signals isolated in the crowded spectrum of the peptide and ensure precise quantitative analysis. Gemcitabine hydrochloride was chosen as the suitable internal standard. Experimental conditions, including relaxation delay time, the numbers of scans, and pulse angle, were optimized first. Then method validation was carried out in terms of selectivity, stability, linearity, precision, and robustness. The assay result was compared with that by means of high performance liquid chromatography, which is provided by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The statistical F test, Student's t test, and nonparametric test at 95% confidence level indicate that there was no significant difference between these two methods. qNMR is a simple and accurate quantitative tool with no need for specific corresponding reference standards. It has the potential of the quantitative analysis of other peptide drugs and standardization of the corresponding reference standards.     

Fast and Quantitative NMR Metabolite Analysis Afforded by a Paramagnetic Co‐Solute

NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable technique for the determination of the chemical identity and structure of small molecules. The method is especially recognized for its robustness and intrinsically quantitative nature, and has manifested itself as a key analytical platform for diverse fields of application, ranging from chemical synthesis to metabolomics. Unfortunately, the slow recovery of nuclear spin polarization by spin‐lattice (T₁) relaxation causes most experimental time to be lost on idle waiting. Furthermore, truly quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy requires waiting times of 5‐times the longest T₁ in the sample, making qNMR spectroscopy slow and inefficient. We demonstrate here that co‐solute paramagnetic relaxation can mitigate these two problems simultaneously. The addition of a small amount of paramagnetic gadolinium chelate, available in the form of commercial contrast‐agent solutions, enables cheap, quantitative, and efficient high‐throughput mixture analysis.     

A comparative uncertainty study of the calibration of macrolide antibiotic reference standards using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance and mass balance methods

This study introduces the general method of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) for the calibration of reference standards of macrolide antibiotics. Several qNMR experimental conditions were optimized including delay, which is an important parameter of quantification. Three kinds of macrolide antibiotics were used to validate the accuracy of the qNMR method by comparison with the results obtained by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The purities of five common reference standards of macrolide antibiotics were measured by the ¹H qNMR method and the mass balance method, respectively. The analysis results of the two methods were compared. The qNMR is quick and simple to use. In a new medicine research and development process, qNMR provides a new and reliable method for purity analysis of the reference standard.     

Purity determination of a new antifungal drug candidate using quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy: Method validation and comparison of calibration approaches

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is an analytical technique that offers numerous advantages in pharmaceutical applications including minimum sample preparation and rapid data collection times with no need for response factor corrections, being a powerful tool for assaying drug content in both drug discovery and early drug development. In the present work, we have applied qNMR, using both the internal standard and the electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations 2 calibration methods, to assess the purity of RI76, a novel antifungal drug candidate. NMR acquisition and processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain spectra with intense, well-resolved signals of completely relaxed nuclei. The analytical method was validated following current guidelines, demonstrating selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration approaches were statistically compared, and no significant difference was observed when comparing the obtained results and their dispersion in terms of relative standard deviation. The proposed qNMR method may, therefore, be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of RI76 in early drug development and for characterization of this compound.     

煤油裂解产物/空气与煤油/空气在宽温度范围内点火延迟的对比研究

Kerosene is an ideal endothermic hydrocarbon. Its pyrolysis plays a significant role in the thermal protection for high-speed aircraft. Before it reacts, kerosene experiences thermal decomposition in the heat exchanger and produces cracked products. Thus, to use cracked kerosene instead of pure kerosene, knowledge of their ignition properties is needed. In this study, ignition delay times of cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air were measured in a heated shock tube at temperatures of 657–1333 K, an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and pressures of 1.01 × 10⁵–10.10 × 10⁵ Pa. Ignition delay time was defined as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shock and the occurrence of the steepest rise of excited-state CH species (CH*) emission at the sidewall measurement location. Pure helium was used as the driver gas for high-temperature measurements in which test times needed to be shorter than 1.5 ms, and tailored mixtures of He/Ar were used when test times could reach up to 15 ms. Arrhenius-type formulas for the relationship between ignition delay time and ignition conditions (temperature and pressure) were obtained by correlating the measured high-temperature data of both fuels. The results reveal that the ignition delay times of both fuels are close, and an increase in the pressure or temperature causes a decrease in the ignition delay time in the high-temperature region (> 1000 K). Both fuels exhibit similar high-temperature ignition delay properties, because they have close pressure exponents (cracked kerosene: τ_ign∝P^-0.85; kerosene:τ_ign∝P^-0.83) and global activation energies (cracked kerosene: E_a = 143.37 kJ·mol^-1; kerosene: E_a = 144.29 kJ·mol^-1). However, in the low-temperature region (< 1000 K), ignition delay characteristics are quite different. For cracked kerosene/air, while the decrease in the temperature still results in an increase in the ignition delay time, the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of ignition delay does not occur, and the low-temperature ignition data still can be correlated by an Arrhenius-type formula with a much smaller global activation energy compared to that at high temperatures. However, for kerosene/air, this NTC phenomenon was observed, and the Arrhenius-type formula fails to correlate its low-temperature ignition data. At temperatures ranging from 830 to 1000 K, the cracked kerosene ignites faster than the kerosene; at temperatures below 830 K, kerosene ignition delay times become much shorter than those of cracked kerosene. Surrogates for cracked kerosene and kerosene are proposed based on the H/C ratio and average molecular weight in order to simulate ignition delay times for cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air. The simulation results are in fairly good agreement with current experimental data for the two fuels at high temperatures (> 1000 K). However, in the low-temperature NTC region, the results are in very good agreement with kerosene ignition delay data but disagree with cracked kerosene ignition delay data. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions indicates that refinement of the reaction mechanisms for cracked kerosene and kerosene is needed. These test results are helpful to understand ignition properties of cracked kerosene in developing regenerative cooling technology for high-speed aircraft.     

肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法及其不确定度评定研究

通过定性及定量分析,研究了肌酐纯度标准物质的定值方法,并进行了定值分析的不确定度评定。首先使用三重四极杆质谱仪及核磁共振谱仪(氢谱)对肌酐样品进行定性分析,然后采用质量平衡法(包括液相色谱法、水分、灰分、挥发性物质和无机元素分析)与定量核磁共振法共同对肌酐纯度标准物质进行准确定值,最后对定值结果进行不确定度评定。肌酐的定值结果为99.7%,扩展不确定度为0.4%。该研究对于实际检测中肌酐的准确测定及临床上相关疾病的正确诊断治疗具有重要意义,且经过定值的肌酐纯品还可做定量核磁共振法的定量内标使用。定量分析后的肌酐经过均匀性检验和稳定性考察后可申报为国家标准物质。