温度敏感性P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)共聚物的合成与性质

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法合成了组成递变的2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯(MEO₂MA)与寡聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA)共聚物P(MEO₂MA-co-OEGMA). 核磁共振氢谱(¹HNMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了聚合物的结构、分子量及其分布. 通过测定透光率、粘度、激光粒度分析了共聚物组成对共聚物低临界溶解温度(LCST)的影响, 考察了共聚物组成、浓度、盐浓度、盐种类、温度对其溶液相行为的影响. 结果表明: 所合成的共聚物具有温度敏感性, 其LCST 可以通过合成时共聚单体MEO₂MA与OEGMA投料比的改变来调控, 随着OEGMA量的增加共聚物的LCST升高, 共聚物溶液浓度升高其LCST减小, 随盐溶液浓度的增大共聚物的LCST降低, 共聚物的LCST降低主要受盐溶液中阴离子价数的影响; HCl的引入使共聚物水溶液的LCST降低; NaOH的引入使共聚物水溶液的LCST升高.     

多重响应性超支化星形聚合物的合成与组装以及控制释放研究

含二硫键的自引发单体与2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEO₂MA)进行自缩合乙烯基共聚合得到超支化PMEO₂MA(H-PMEO₂MA). 以它作大分子引发剂, 引发二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAEMA)进行原子转移自由基聚合, 合成了具有温度、pH以及氧化还原多重响应性的超支化星形聚合物H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA. 证明了H-PMEO₂MA有低临界溶液温度(LCST); 研究了PDMAEMA 链段的长度和溶液的pH值对超支化星形聚合物的LCST的影响. 当H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA水溶液温度从2 ℃升高至室温, H-PMEO₂MA变成疏水性而发生聚集, 形成以H-PMEO₂MA为核, PDMAEMA为壳的胶束. 在胶束形成过程中, 将尼罗红装载到这种聚合物胶束中, 形成释药系统, 研究了pH、氧化还原响应性释药性能.     

CO2调控的温敏性聚合物的制备及其响应行为

通过原子转移自由基聚合制备了含甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)和2-(二乙基氨基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PDMAEMA)的三嵌段共聚物。该共聚物具有较为明显的温度响应特征，并且温敏性的范围可以通过CO₂进行调控。该三嵌段聚合物在水溶液中存在最低临界溶液温度(LCST)，且该聚合物水溶液在CO₂调节的LCST下具有各种聚集状态。随着温度的升高，三嵌段聚合物表现出双重LCST行为，并最终导致PNIPAM嵌段和PDMAEMA嵌段分别在各自相转变温度下收缩，聚合物的疏水性增强,出现收缩-收缩-聚集的三相变过程。CO₂通过调控PDMAEMA嵌段中的叔胺基团电性，可以使聚合物的亲水性增强，使得三嵌段聚合物在较高温度下难以聚集，实现了CO₂对聚合物相转变温度的调控。      

用于药物载体的多重响应型聚合物分子的设计与合成

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法和连续ATRP法合成了温度敏感型聚合物和pH/温度双重敏感型聚合物。用紫外光谱考察聚合物在水溶液中的温敏行为,发现聚合物的低临界溶解温度(LCST)可以通过单体的比例进行调控,而且聚合物的温度响应行为非常敏感且具有可逆性。pH/温度双重敏感型聚合物还具有非常灵敏的pH响应行为,且不受单体比例的影响。最后,对聚合物胶束的体外释药动力学进行了研究,结果表明聚合物胶束的环境敏感性决定了药物的释放行为。     

易衍生化温敏高分子刷的制备及其温敏行为研究

温敏材料由于优异的性能和潜在的应用价值而具有良好的发展前景.利用超分子自组装单层(SAM)与表面引发聚合(SIP)技术将2-(2-甲氧乙氧基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(MEO2MA)与聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA526)的共聚物poly(MEO2MAco-OEGMA526)接枝于金表面,探索了不同引发剂溶液浓度(χIsol)、单体OEGMA526摩尔浓度(C526)与干态膜厚度(d)对该高分子刷性质的影响.应用石英晶体微天平(QCM)对其温敏行为进行研究,结果表明:在χIsol=1%与C526=5%条件下制备的高分子刷,最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为34℃;其LCST由OEGMA526的单体摩尔浓度决定,不受膜厚的影响.该高分子刷在接枝生物素后其与链霉亲和素的结合实验证明,高分子刷末端的羟基为其官能团化提供了契机.该易衍生化温敏高分子刷为发展新型温敏材料提供了研究基础.     

2-羟基-3-异丙氧基丙基羟乙基纤维素的合成及其自组装行为的研究

通过醚化反应, 将疏水性试剂异丙基缩水甘油醚(IPGE), 接枝到以羟乙基纤维素为亲水性骨架的主链上, 合成了具有温度响应性的2-羟基-3-异丙氧基丙基羟乙基纤维素(HIPEC), 运用核磁共振(¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、2D HSQC NMR)对HIPEC进行结构表征, 其最低临界溶解温度(LCST)可通过改变疏水侧链的摩尔取代度(MS)和盐浓度来调节. 通过荧光光谱仪、动态光散射(DLS)、共聚焦荧光显微镜(CLSM)研究了HIPEC在水溶液中自组装行为及Nile Red在HIPEC胶束中的增溶行为和温度控制释放行为, 结果表明, HIPEC在溶液中自组装形成胶束, 并且胶束粒径随着温度的升高而增大; 在温度高于LCST时, Nile Red从HIPEC胶束中缓慢释放, 并且可通过改变温度控制Nile Red的释放过程.     

含香豆素基团超支化星形聚合物的合成与表征

设计并合成了含有香豆素基团的自引发单体, 与2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEO₂MA)进行自缩合乙烯基共聚合后得到超支化聚合物H-PMEO₂MA. 以其作为大分子引发剂, 进行二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(DMAEMA)的原子转移自由基聚合, 合成了具有温度响应性的超支化星形聚合物H-PMEO₂MA-star-PDMAEMA. 将此超支化星形聚合物在水中自组装成胶束后, 利用支化点处香豆素基团的光二聚性能, 在λ=320 nm的紫外光照射下进行香豆素间的光交联反应, 形成核交联胶束. 此核交联胶束在254 nm紫外光照射下则会发生解交联反应. 采用尼罗红作为模型药物, 将其装载到超支化星形聚合物胶束中, 研究了不同条件下的药物释放行为.     

一种新型温度响应性聚氨基酸/聚类肽嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以正己胺为引发剂, 通过γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸羧酸酐(PLG-NCA)和N-正辛基甘氨酸羧酸酐(Oct-NNCA)逐步开环聚合和后修饰策略合成了分子量分布较窄的温度响应性两嵌段共聚物寡聚乙二醇单元修饰的聚(γ-炔丙基-L-谷氨酸)-b-聚(N-正辛基甘氨酸)[(PPLG-g-EG₃)-b-PNOG]. 通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同比例聚合物的结晶行为; 利用圆二色谱法(CD)研究了聚合物的二级结构, 并研究了聚合物在水溶液中的自组装行为, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了组装后的形貌. 结果表明, 该温度响应性聚合物在室温下呈现α-螺旋结构, 随着温度升高, α-螺旋的构象减少. 该聚合物可以在水溶液中自发组装成棒状结构.     

侧链含偶氮吡啶的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的制备及其多重响应性

经重氮偶合等步骤制备了新型偶氮吡啶单体—甲基丙烯酸-4-(4-吡啶基偶氮)苯酯(PAZO).PAZO、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)和聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(EGMA)无规共聚得到多重响应三元共聚物P(NIPAM-co-PAZO-co-EGMA).采用凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振氢谱对聚合物结构进行表征,经紫外光谱对聚合物进行研究,发现聚合物有良好的光致顺反异构.偶氮吡啶在酸性条件下,紫外光照反式吸收峰稳定存在,吸收峰衰弱被抑制;碱性条件下,紫外光照反式吸收峰衰弱明显,顺式吸收峰得到增强并且稳定存在.聚合物最低相转变温度(LCST)为49°C,经紫外光照LCST下降2°C,变为47°C,这是由于紫外光照改变了偶氮吡啶的顺反异构使得聚合物的尺寸增大,导致PNIPAM链段对温度更灵敏更易聚集,LCST下降.聚合物溶液通入CO_2后,LCST变为62°C,升高了13°C.向溶液中通入氩气排除CO_2,溶液的LCST再次变为49°C.交替通入CO_2和氩气,溶液LCST具有可逆性.表明该聚合物具有温度、光、pH以及气体响应性.     

多重响应性杂臂星型聚合物的RAFT聚合合成及性能研究

耦合先臂法("arm first")和可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合制备以温度响应性聚(聚乙二醇甲醚丙烯酸酯-co-2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯)(POD)和p H响应性聚丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEA)为臂,含二硫键的N,N'-双丙烯酰胱胺(BAC)为核的杂臂星型聚合物(MAS).采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量及分子量分布进行了表征.结果表明,该法能有效控制星型聚合物的合成(分子量分布指数PDI1.3).采用紫外可见吸收光谱法(UV-Vis)、动态光散射(DLS)考察了MAS在水中的相变行为.结果表明,随着臂PDMAEA含量的增加,星型聚合物的LCST增大.当臂POD与PDMAEA的摩尔投料比为5∶5时,聚合物浓度为1 mg/m L时其在纯水中的LCST为38.2℃.     

NMR investigation of effect of dissolved salts on the thermoresponsive behavior of oligo(ethylene glycol)‐methacrylate‐based polymers

The synthesis of thermo‐ and ionic‐responsive copolymers based on polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA) via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is described. Reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of OEGMA and TFEA are r_OEGMA = 2.46 and r_TFEA = 0.22, indicating that OEGMA is incorporated more rapidly than TFEA monomers. The copolymers are thermosensitive and exhibit volume phase transitions (lower critical solution behavior) at temperature, which depend on copolymer composition and the presence of added salts in the aqueous solutions. It was found that the copolymers exhibited LCST transitions at temperatures below 353 K only in salt solutions. ¹H NMR measurements indicated that motion of the protons located in and near the hydrophobic main chain are more sensitive to temperature than protons in the hydrophilic OEGMA side chains. The hydrophilic side chains remain largely hydrated; however, the presence of two distinct conformations of the terminal groups of the side chains was confirmed. The influence of OEGMA side chain length, copolymer composition, and salt type on aggregation behavior and dynamics was examined in detail. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2375–2385     

Synthesis,self‐assembly,and thermosensitivity of amphiphilic POEGMA‐PDMS‐POEGMA triblock copolymers

In this article, the synthesis and self‐assembly of a novel well‐defined biocompatible amphiphilic POEGMA‐PDMS‐POEGMA triblock copolymer were studied. The copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) using α,ω‐dibromo polydimethylsiloxane macroinitiator (Br‐PDMS‐Br). Br‐PDMS‐Br was synthesized through the esterification of α,ω‐hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane and 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. The structures of the copolymers were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The copolymers showed reversible aggregation in response to temperature cycles with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 61 and 66 °C, as determined by ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering. The LCST values increased in proportion to the length of the hydrophilic block and were lower than that of the POEGMA homopolymer. The self‐assembly behavior of the copolymers in aqueous solution was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The critical micelle concentration value (1.08–0.26 10^?6 mol L^?1) decreased as the length of the POEGMA chain increased. The POEGMA‐PDMS‐POEGMA copolymers can easily self‐assemble into spherical micelles in aqueous solution. Such biocompatible block copolymers may be attractive candidates as ‘‘smart'' thermo‐responsive drug delivery systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2684‐2691     

Synthesis,characterization, and temperature‐responsive behaviors of novel hybrid amphiphilic block copolymers containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Organic/inorganic hybrid amphiphilic block copolymer poly(methacrylate isobutyl POSS)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PMAPOSS‐b‐P(NIPAM‐co‐OEGMA)) was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The self‐assembly behavior of this block copolymer in aqueous solution was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the novel block copolymer can self‐assemble into spherical micelles with PMAPOSS segment as the hydrophobic part and P(NIPAM‐co‐OEGMA) segment as the hydrophilic part. The temperature‐responsive characteristics of the assemblies were tested by UV–Vis spectra and DLS. Some factors such as the concentration, molecular weight, and copolymer generation that may affect the cloud point were studied systematically. The results reveal that this copolymer exhibits a sharp and intensive lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The essentially predetermined LCST can be conveniently achieved by adjusting the content of NIPAM or OEGMA domain. In addition, these novel hybrid micelles can undergo an association/disassociation cycle with the heating and cooling of solution and the degree of reversibility displaying a tremendous concentration dependence, as a novel organic/inorganic hybrid material with distinctive virtues can be potentially used in biological and medical fields, especially in drug nanocarriers for targeted therapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

P(NIPAM-co-NVP)共聚物分子链水溶液中的可逆聚集研究

用溶液聚合方法合成了线型聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)共聚物,通过弹性光散射(elastic light scattering,ELS)、荧光光谱与动态光散射研究了共聚物水溶液分子链可逆聚集的温度和时间依赖性.研究表明,升温时,ELS强度增加,分子链聚集;降温时,ELS强度降低,聚集的分子链解离.荧...     

Low temperature ATRP of POSS-MA and its amphiphilic pentablock copolymers

A low temperature ATRP of methacryloisobutyl POSS (POSS-MA) is carried out, using poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)-based macroinitiator, in toluene with CuCl/PMDETA as the catalyst system, generating well-defined P(POSS-MA)-b-PPG-b-P(POSS-MA) triblock copolymer with Р~ 1.1. The semilogarithmic kinetic plot reveals first-order kinetics and the dispersity is observed to decrease as the reaction progresses—an indication of the controlled behavior of the polymerization. To assess the chain-end fidelity of the produced block copolymer, chain extension is carried out with oligo(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (OEGMA) that afforded water-soluble P(OEGMA)-b-P(POSSMA)-b-PPG-b-P(POSSMA)-b-P(OEGMA) pentablock copolymers. The SEC profiles suggest a quantitative initiation by the macroinitiator. By varying the monomer to initiator molar ratio, block copolymers with various P(OEGMA) chain lengths, ranging from 19 to 58 units on each side have been achieved with relative lower dispersity (Р< 1.4). Kinetic analysis of the ATRP of OEGMA, with P(POSSMA)-b-PPG-b-P(POSSMA) as the macroinitiator, suggests first-order kinetics and controlled nature of the polymerization. The PPG and P(OEGMA) segments impart a thermosensitive character to the obtained water-soluble amphiphilic hybrid block copolymers; hence they display temperature-dependent self-assembly behavior in aqueous medium.     

Synthesis of Thermo‐Responsive Polymers With Both Tunable UCST and LCST

New water‐soluble block copolymers of 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO₂MA), oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA), and N‐(3‐(dimethylamino) propyl) methacrylamide (DMAPMA) (poly(OEGMA‐co‐MEO₂MA)‐b‐poly(DMAPMA)) were prepared via sequential reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Selective quaternization of poly(DMAPMA) block gives poly(OEGMA‐co‐MEO₂MA)‐b‐poly((3‐[N‐(3‐methacrylamidopropyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl]ammoniopropane sulfonate)‐co‐N‐(3‐(dimethylamino) propyl) methacrylamide), such block copolymer exhibits double thermo‐responsive behavior in water, poly(MEO₂MA‐co‐OEGMA) block shows a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and poly((3‐[N‐(3‐methacrylamidopropyl)‐N,N‐dimethyl]ammoniopropane sulfonate)‐co‐N‐(3‐(dimethylamino) propyl) methacrylamide) block shows a upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Both of LCST and UCST can be controlled: LCST could be tuned by the fraction of OEGMA units in poly(OEGMA‐co‐MEO₂MA), and UCST was found to be dependent on the degree of quaternization (DQ).

     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of tunable thermosensitive amphiphilic dendrimer‐star copolymers with Y‐shaped arms

Novel and well‐defined amphiphilic dendrimer‐star copolymer poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐(poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethylmethacrylate‐co‐oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate))₂ with Y‐shaped arms were synthesized by the combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The investigation of thermal properties and the analysis of crystalline morphology indicate that the high‐branched structure of dendrimer‐star copolymers with Y‐shaped arms and the presence of amorphous P(MEO₂MA‐co‐OEGMA) segments together led to the complete destruction of crystallinity of the PCL segments in the dendrimer‐star copolymer. In addition, the hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity transition of the dendrimer‐star copolymer film can be achieved by altering the external temperatures. The amphiphilic copolymers can self‐assemble into spherical nanomicelles in water. Because the lower critical solution temperature of the copolymers can be adjusted by varying the ratio of MEO₂MA and OEGMA, the tunable thermosensitive properties can be observed by transmittance, dynamic laser light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The release rate of model drug chlorambucil from the micelles can be effectively controlled by changing the external temperatures, which indicates that these unique high‐branched amphiphilic copolymers have the potential applications in biomedical field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011