建筑用梳形共聚物分散剂溶液行为的光散射研究

采用激光光散射研究了一种主链为聚丙烯酸侧链为聚乙二醇的梳形共聚物分散剂的一些溶液行为.从静态光散射得出了较为合理的表观重均分子量、均方旋转半径等参数.动态光散射给出了流体力学半径分布及其角度和浓度依赖性.结合静态和动态光散射,上述梳形共聚物分散剂在溶液中的构象也得到初步的表征.通过与描述梳形聚合物的Gay-Raphae模型进行比较表明,这类梳形共聚物溶液在低盐离子和低pH值条件下存在聚集行为,形成以PAA主链为核PEG为壳层的类胶束聚集.     

温度敏感性PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG三嵌段共聚物的合成与自组装研究

通过大分子引发剂引发ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸-N-羧酸酐(Lys-NCA)开环聚合和大分子缩合的方法合成了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(ε-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸)-b-聚乙二醇单甲醚三嵌段共聚物(PNIPAM-b-PZLL-b-mPEG).用GPC和1H-NMR对其结构进行了表征.用芘荧光探针法证明了该三嵌段聚合物形成胶束的性质并测定了临界胶束浓度(CMC).动态光散射(DLS)研究表明,在固定PNIPAM-b-PZLL链段长度的情况下,mPEG分子量为2000时,胶束在温度高于临界溶解温度(LCST)时发生聚集,mPEG分子量为5000时,胶束在LCST以上没有发生聚集.     

磺化碱木质素和磺化碱木质素聚氧乙烯醚的溶液行为研究

分别制备了不同磺酸基含量的磺化碱木质素(SAL)、不同交联度和分子量的磺化碱木质素聚氧乙烯醚(SAL-PEG),采用动态光散射(DLS)法分别研究磺酸基含量和PEG非离子长链对SAL和SAL-PEG溶液行为的影响规律.结果表明,不同磺酸基含量(1.28~2.09 mmol/g)的SAL在1.0 g/L的水溶液中存在聚集行为,磺酸基含量的增加使SAL的分子舒展程度增加,聚集程度越弱;Na Cl的加入使SAL的分子舒展程度减小,聚集体发生解聚.不同PEG含量的SAL-PEG在1.0 g/L的水溶液中主要以单分子状态存在,聚集行为较弱,分子的流体动力学半径与其分子量和交联度成正比;Na Cl的加入使SAL-PEG的PEG非离子长链却被严重压缩,分子流体动力学半径显著减小,减小程度与其分子量和交联度成正比,但SAL-PEG的聚集程度仍然较弱.     

两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其自聚集现象

以壳聚糖为主链, 聚乙二醇单甲醚为亲水性链段, 癸二酸为疏水链段, 合成了一系列两亲性壳聚糖衍生物. 通过FTIR, 1H NMR和X射线粉末衍射等手段对壳聚糖衍生物进行了结构表征, 由元素分析方法计算出衍生物的取代度. 采用直接溶解法制备了壳聚糖衍生物的空白胶束, 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了胶束的形态. 由动态光散射(DLS)测定了胶束的粒径及分布, 并以芘为分子探针, 通过荧光光谱法测定了壳聚糖衍生物的临界聚集浓度(CAC). 研究结果表明, 壳聚糖主链上疏水链段的取代度越大, 其衍生物的临界聚集浓度越低, 相同浓度下的胶束的粒径也越小.     

羧甲基纤维素-十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯共聚物表面活性剂在水溶液中的胶束形态

采用动态激光光散射及环境扫描电镜研究了羧甲基纤维素型高分子表面活性剂在水溶液中的胶束形态 .结果表明 ,共聚物在水溶液中的形态完全不同于羧甲基纤维素分子 ,亲水疏水链段的引入 ,使共聚物分子聚集形成了以疏水链段为核心的棍状胶束结构 .高分子表面活性剂水溶液体系的归一化一级相关函数不符合单指数衰减 ,表明胶束形态的多分散性 .在 0 .0 0 5%～ 1 %浓度范围内 ,胶束粒子大小均分布在两个区域 ,随共聚物浓度增大 ,低粒径区保持在 3 0～ 1 0 0nm范围 ,为单分子区 ;而高粒径区随浓度增大移向更高值 ,表明多分子胶束不断长大 .     

不同溶液条件下瓜尔胶的分子链形态

本文利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和动态光散射(DLS)对瓜尔胶的分子链形态进行了表征。瓜尔胶稀溶液中大量存在的分子链聚集体表明分子链聚集是一种趋势。聚集的程度跟分子链间作用是密切相关的。加碱或适量尿素有利于瓜尔胶破坏分子链间作用,降低了分子链聚集体的尺寸,使分子链更为舒展而相互穿插,这有利于形成更为致密的三维网络链结构,导致粘弹性增加。     

盐对刷型两亲聚合物聚集行为的调控作用

两亲聚合物奇异的功能特性源于分子独特的骨架结构和在溶液中的自组装聚集行为. 本文向以2-丙烯酰胺基-十二烷基磺酸(AMC₁₂S)与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)进行无规共聚所制备的AMPS-AMC₁₂S刷型两亲聚合物溶液体系中引入不同用量的NaCl, 采用稳态荧光、动态光散射(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)系统考察NaCl 对聚合物聚集行为的调控作用. 研究发现, 聚合物结构中疏水侧链含量越低, NaCl 对聚集行为的调控作用越强; NaCl浓度增加会明显降低聚合物的临界聚集浓度; 与此同时, 聚合物分子链自组装由分子间的聚集方式向分子内的聚集方式转变, 形成的聚集形态由大型多分子聚集体变化为尺寸数百分之一的单聚体.     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺在盐水中的自组装行为

使用静态光散射、动态光散射以及原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(HAPAM)在盐水溶液中的自组装行为.研究了聚合物分子在不同盐浓度中的表观重均分子量(Mw,a),均方根回转半径(),流体力学半径(),第二维里系数(A2)的变化,并根据/的比值得出聚合物分子的聚集形态.实验结果表明:随着盐浓度的增强,聚合物溶液的分子链由舒展变得卷曲.     

羧甲基纤维素—十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯共聚物表面活性剂在水溶 …

采用动态激光光散射及环境扫描电镜研究了羧甲基纤维素型高分子表面活性剂在水溶液中的胶束形态。结果表明，共聚物在水溶液中的形态完全不同于羧甲基纤维素分子亲水疏水链段的引入，使共聚物分子聚集成了以疏水链段为核心的棍状胶束结构。高分子表面活性剂水溶液体系的归一化一级相关函数不符合单指数衰减，表明胶束形态的多分散性。在０．００５％￣１％浓度范围内，胶束粒大大小均分布的两个区域，随共聚物浓度增大，低粒径区保持     

苯乙烯/丁二烯聚合反应挤出多嵌段共聚物结构表征及共聚机理的研究

以双螺杆挤出机为反应器,采用丁二烯(B)与苯乙烯(S)混和单体,以有机锂为引发体系,本体一步合成了S B多嵌段共聚物.采用过氧化氢在四氧化锇作用下对聚合物分子链进行了深度氧化,然后通过精制除去氧化降解产生的低分子物.1H- NMR和FT IR分析表明共聚物中的双键全部被氧化断裂,而共聚物中聚苯乙烯的链节并未破坏.利用18角度小角激光光散射仪(MALLS)联用GPC对氧化降解后的聚苯乙烯碎片进行了分析,证明共聚物分子是由1条1×104～4×104分子量的聚苯乙烯链段连接着数十个(S- B)嵌段的结构.TEM分析表明调节反应过程的工艺条件可以控制共聚物的织态结构.     

Temperature-dependent aggregation and disaggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer in aqueous solution

Aggregation and disaggregation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers, Pluronics P103 and P104, in aqueous solutions during a heating and cooling cycle were investigated by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Temperature hysteresis was observed by DLS when cooling the copolymer aqueous solutions because larger aggregates existed at temperatures lower than critical micellization temperature (CMT), but no temperature differences were observed by NMR. This phenomenon was explained as the forming of water-swollen micelles at temperatures lower than CMT during the cooling process.     

无规共聚物P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)的合成及其在水溶液中温度诱导相转变行为

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,由单体2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯(MEO₂MA)和寡聚(乙二醇)甲基醚甲基丙烯酸酯(OEGMA, M_n = 500 g·mol^-1)合成了无规共聚物P(MEO₂MA-co-OEGMA).并采用动态光散射(DLS)、紫外光谱及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术考察聚合物在水溶液中的温度响应性聚集行为,获得其在水溶液中的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)及其随组成的变化规律.结果表明,该聚合物具有良好且可逆的温度响应行为,这主要归因于聚合物与水分子之间氢键作用,及其分子本身疏水作用之间为了保持一种微妙的动态平衡而自发对聚集形态进行的“自我调整”,从而达到新的热力学平衡状态的结果.该聚合物的LCST与聚合物中单体OEGMA所占的摩尔比例呈线性关系,可以通过改变单体的摩尔配比实现对聚合物LCST的调控.     

Behavior of thermosensitive graft copolymer with aromatic polyester backbone and poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline side chains in aqueous solutions

Thermoresponsive graft copolymers with alkylene-aromatic polyester main chain and poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline side chains were synthesized. Two copolymer samples which differed in grafting density (0.5 and 0.7) were studied using dynamic and static light scattering and turbidimetry in aqueous solutions at concentration 0.0053?g?cm^?3. Hydrodynamic radii of scattering objects and their contribution to light scattering were obtained as a function of temperature in a wide temperature interval. Temperatures of phase separation were found out. Effect of grafting density on the copolymer behavior in aqueous solutions upon heating was determined. In particular, the phase separation temperature reduces with the decreasing grafting density.     

聚醚树枝体－聚丙烯酸嵌段共聚物的水溶液自组装行为

应用UV－Vis、荧光、光物理探针、动态激光光散射和透射电镜(TEM)方法研究了聚醚树枝体与聚丙烯酸两亲嵌段共聚物(Dendr,PE-PAA)在水溶液中分子自组装行为。实验结果表明通过聚醚树枝体嵌段的疏水作用,易缔合形成聚集体,具有很低(10^-6～10^-7mol·L^-1)的临界缔合浓度(cac)。透过电镜观察到聚集体具有双层膜结构的球状、单室囊泡。临界缔合浓度(cac)以及聚集体的大小对枝状体的代数(Gi)及线性体的聚合度(n)具有明显的依赖关系。     

Non-surface activity and micellization behavior of cationic amphiphilic block copolymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process

Cationic amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(n-butylacrylate)-b-poly(3-(methacryloylamino)propyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (PBA-b-PMAPTAC) with various hydrophobic and hydrophilic chain lengths were synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. Their molecular characteristics such as surface activity/nonactivity were investigated by surface tension measurements and foam formation observation. Their micelle formation behavior and micelle structure were investigated by fluorescence probe technique, static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS), etc., as a function of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain lengths. The block copolymers were found to be non-surface active because the surface tension of the aqueous solutions did not change with increasing polymer concentration. Critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the polymers could be determined by fluorescence and SLS measurements, which means that these polymers form micelles in bulk solution, although they were non-surface active. Above the cmc, the large blue shift of the emission maximum of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) probe and the low micropolarity value of the pyrene probe in polymer solution indicate the core of the micelle is nonpolar in nature. Also, the high value of the relative intensity of the NPN probe and the fluorescence anisotropy of the 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) probe indicated that the core of the micelle is highly viscous in nature. DLS was used to measure the average hydrodynamic radii and size distribution of the copolymer micelles. The copolymer with the longest PBA block had the poorest water solubility and consequently formed micelles with larger size while having a lower cmc. The "non-surface activity" was confirmed for cationic amphiphilic diblock copolymers in addition to anionic ones studied previously, indicating the universality of non-surface activity nature.     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COPOLYMERS CONTAINING CUCURBIT[6]URIL-BASED PSEUDOROTAXANE STRUCTURE

Novel copolymers based on acrylamide（AM）and complex pseudorotaxane monomer N’-（3-vinylbenzyl）-1,4- diaminobutane dihydrochloride with cucurbit[6]uril（CB[6]）（3VBCB）were prepared via free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution,and characterized by ¹H-NMR,FT-IR,elemental analysis and static light scattering.The compositions of the copolymers（PAM3VBCB）with pseudorotaxane units were determined by ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis.Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by TGA,and the effects of the copolymer concentration and pH on the average hydrodynamic radius（R_h）of the copolymer molecules were studied by dynamic light scattering（DLS）.The experiment data show that CB[6]beads are localized on 1,4-diaminobutane units in side chains of the copolymers.TGA results show that thermal stability of the copolymer increases with increasing the content of pseudorotaxane unit because of the enhanced rigidity and the bulky steric hindrance of 3VBCB in side chains of PAM3VBCB.DLS data show that the average hydrodynamic radius of copolymer molecules increases with the increase in the copolymer concentration,and both the pH and electrical conductivity of PAM3VBCB solutions demonstrate an acute change with addition of NaOH because of CB[6] dethreading from the side chains of PAM3VBCB.CB[6]threading and dethreading of PAM3VBCB could be controlled by addition of BaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄     

Synthesis of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymers via RAFT polymerization and micellization behavior in aqueous solution

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PNIPAM-b-P2VP) block copolymers were synthesized for the first time via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in the presence of S-1-dodecyl-S(')-(a,a(')-dimethyl-a(')-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as chain transfer agent (CTA) and 2,2(')-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. Both pH- and thermo-induced micellization behavior of the PNIPAM(59)-b-P2VP(102) block copolymer in dilute aqueous solution was investigated by pyrene fluorescence, dynamic and static light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and (1)H NMR. The results show that the critical aggregation pH value of the block copolymer is around 5 and the critical aggregation temperature of the block copolymer is around 42 degrees C. A reversible transition between P2VP-core and PNIPAM-core micelles can be observed through an intermediate unimer state in aqueous solution.     

The solubilisation behaviour of some dichloroalkanes in aqueous solutions of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers: a dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and SANS study

The aggregation behaviour of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in water and in water + chlorinated additive mixtures was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The copolymers were chosen such as to investigate the effects of molecular architecture (L35 and 10R5) and molecular weight by keeping constant the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance (F88 and F108). 1,2-Dichloroethane was used as a prototype of water basins contaminants. The hydrodynamic radius of the block copolymer aggregates (R(h,M)) and the intensity ratio of pyrene of the first and the third vibrational band (I(1)/I(3)) were determined as a function of temperature (10-45 degrees C) and concentration. The copolymer architecture essentially does not affect R(h,M) in the entire range of temperature and concentration investigated. At a given temperature, increasing macromolecular size leads to a decrease of R(h,M). With rising temperature R(h,M) also decreases. According to the DLS results, the I(1)/I(3) change with temperature clearly detects the aggregation only for F88 and F108. The presence of 1,2-dichloroethane, at concentrations close to its solubility in water, does not lead to changes in the distribution of hydrodynamic radii for L35 and 10R5. Larger quantities of additive induce the formation of quite polydisperse mixed aggregates for L35 and of networks for 10R5. In the case of F88 and F108, low concentrations of additive lead to formation of mixed aggregates with smaller R(h,M). The SANS results corroborate the DLS and fluorescence findings proving enhancement of the copolymer aggregation through the presence of 1,2-dichloroethane. The DLS findings combined with those from the fluorescence spectroscopy provide some insight into the site of solubilisation of the additive in the aggregates.     

Light scattering and luminescence studies on self-aggregation behavior of amphiphilic copolymer micelles

The self-aggregation behavior of three amphiphilic graft copolymers, oligo(9,9-dihexyl)fluorence-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) (OHF-g-PEO), with different architectures was studied by dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS) in combination with fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation of self-assembled polymeric micelles was confirmed by SLS and TEM. DLS and SLS analyses showed that the architecture of graft copolymers has a dramatic effect on critical aggregation concentration (CAC), micelle size distribution, apparent aggregation number (Nagg app), and apparent molecular weight of polymer aggregates (Mw,agg app). An architecture-dependent excimer emission, resulting from the pi-pi stacking of the oligofluorene backbones, was also observed from the photoluminescence spectra of the micelle aqueous solutions, which indicated a strong intermolecular interaction among the polymeric molecules. The excimer emission was further investigated by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and Properties of pH and Temperature Responsive Copolymer with Pesudorotaxane Structure

pH and temperature responsive copolymers PNAM4VBCB of N-isopropyl acrylamide(NAM) and complex pseudorotaxane monomer N¹-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1,4-diaminobutane dihydrochloride with cucurbit[6]uril(CB[6]) threaded(4VBCB) were prepared via free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution. The copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry, elemental analysis, and static light scattering. The thermodynamic properties of the copolymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), and the effects of pH and the concentration of the copolymer on the average hydrodynamic radius(R_h) were studied by dynamic light scattering(DLS). In addition, the thermal sensitivities of the copolymers were studied by DLS and UV-Vis. The experiment data show that CB[6] beads are localized on 1,4-diaminobutane units in the side chains of the copolymer. TGA data show that thermal stability of the copolymers increases with the adding of CB[6] threaded because of the enhanced rigidity and the bulky steric hindrance of 4VBCB in the side chain of PNAM4VBCB. DLS data show that the average hydrodynamic radius of copolymer increases with the increase of the copolymer concentration and has a jump with adjusting pH due to the existing of the small size CB[6] dethreaded from the copolymer with increasing pH. Both pH and electrical conductivity curves of the solution of PNAM4VBCB-4 have a jump because CB[6] could dethread from the copolymers with the addition of NaOH. In addition, the copolymers have thermal sensitivity and their phase-change temperatures could be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of NAM to 4VBCB in the copolymers.