室温超声合成哑铃状纳米氧化锌

以乙酸锌和六次甲基四胺的水溶液为前驱体溶体,采用超声直接沉淀法,于室温下超声30 min,成功制备出结晶性好的哑铃状纳米氧化锌(1),其结构和形貌经X-射线衍射、能量色散X-射线分析及场发射扫描电子显微镜表征.结果表明,1结晶性好,平均直径250 nm,长度达微米级,沿着c轴对称取向生长.对生长过程进行了分析.     

微波法合成氧化锌纳米棒

以氯化锌为锌源,碳酸钠为矿化剂,水为溶剂,微波辐照10 min制备了结晶性好的半导体ZnO纳米棒.经XRD,FESEM,TEM和SAED表征,ZnO纳米棒直径为40 nm～80 nm,长度为300 nm～500 nm,沿着c轴择优取向生长.对ZnO纳米棒生长机制进行了分析.     

微波回流合成哑铃状氧化锌微晶

以乙酸锌和六次甲基四胺的水溶液为前驱体溶液,微波回流10min,成功制备出结晶性好的半导体哑铃状ZnO.用X-射线衍射分析、能量色散X射线分析和场发射扫描电子显微镜对粉体进行了表征.结果表明,ZnO呈哑铃状,单分散、粒径分布均匀,沿c轴择优取向对称生长,平均直径300nm,长度达微米级.并对哑铃状ZnO的生长过程进行了简单分析.     

熔盐分解制备氧化锌纳米晶

以新制的乙酰丙酮合锌为前驱体,添加NaCl助剂,在650℃熔盐分解制得了六棱柱形结构的ZnO纳米晶.用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、能量色散X射线分析(EDX)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FFSEM)对粉体进行了表征.结果表明,ZnO为六棱柱形纳米晶,属六方纤锌矿结构,结晶性好,平均长度约90nm,平均直径约60nm,长径比约为1.5:1.通过与不添加NaCl的对比试验,简单探讨了六棱柱形ZnO纳米晶的生长过程.     

钛酸钡纳米颗粒聚集球的形成机理

采用水热法合成了具有新颖结构的钛酸钡纳米颗粒聚集球.X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示该聚集球为立方相,随着时间的延长其结晶性增强.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和电子衍射(ED)谱研究了该纳米颗粒聚集球的生长特点.结果表明该聚集球是由5-8nm的纳米颗粒定向连接生长而成,整个聚集球对外显示类单晶的现象.聚集球的大小约为60nm,随着时间的延长有长大的趋势.X射线能谱(EDX)分析结果和Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程动力学模拟结果表明,在颗粒球形成初始阶段主要是Ba2+离子的扩散成核作用占主导地位.这种"扩散成核-定向生长"的形成过程揭示了钛酸钡纳米颗粒聚集球的生长机理.     

双相分散聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆氧化锌纳米粒子的微乳液法制备,结构和光学性质

以乙酰丙酮锌为前躯体、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,采用纳米微乳液法制备了有机相和水相双分散PVP包覆氧化锌(PVP-ZnO)纳米粒子;采用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、红外光谱仪分析了其相组成、微结构及化学特征,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪和荧光光谱仪测定了其光学性质.结果表明,制备的纳米ZnO具有六方纤锌矿结构,粒径分布范围窄,结晶性好.纳米ZnO表面包裹PVP,使得PVP-ZnO在无机和有机溶剂中皆具有很好的分散性.与此同时,PVP-ZnO纳米粒子在紫外区尤其是373 nm处显示很强的紫外吸收,而在380nm的激发光下在496nm左右产生强蓝绿光发射,并在587nm处伴有弱黄绿光发射.     

铒镱共掺磷酸镧纳晶的合成和近红外荧光性质

以磷酸三丁酯作为配体,使用高温溶液法合成了掺铒磷酸镧纳米晶体,高分辨电镜和XRD结果表明产物尺寸均一,直径4nm左右,具有高度的结晶性,在甲苯等有机溶剂中分散性良好.近红外发光光谱表明,产物在1535 nm处有发光峰,半高全宽为50 nm,高于目前掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的增益带宽.通过IR、元素分析研究发现,使用真空干燥等方法不能有效去除纳晶表面的羟基.为了进一步消除表面缺陷和猝灭基团对纳晶发光性质的影响,我们尝试在其外围生长一层LaPO₄壳做成核壳粒子以消除表面缺陷和隔离猝灭基团,结果表明,新的纳晶的发光强度得到了显著提高.     

β-FeOOH纳米线的自排列及形成机理研究

通过无机铁(Ⅲ)盐的水解,在常温常压条件下制备了β-FeOOH纳米线,利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构及形貌进行了表征. 结果表明,产物是结晶性良好的四方相β-FeOOH 纳米线,直径约 60 nm,长度为 4~5 μm,沿［001］方向生长. 根据实验结果讨论了β-FeOOH纳米线的生长机理. 而且,这些纳米线可以自发地垂直或平行地排列在一起,形成特殊的图案,这可能是由于纳米线之间的磁相互作用产生的.     

饼干状二硫化钨纳米片的制备与结构表征

以钨粉、硫粉为原料,以K2HPO4为矿化剂,在500℃的密闭条件下,利用固相法合成了WS2纳米微粒;采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等表征了产物的结构,分析了矿化剂对WS2尺寸和形貌的影响.结果表明,当反应体系中存在适量的K2HPO4时,合成的WS2晶体呈饼干状,厚度约50nm,且结晶性良好.研究发现,在高温条件下,WS2晶粒在熔融K2HPO4中的形成和生长受到抑制,从而有利于其形貌和尺寸的控制.     

β-FeOOH纳米线的制备及表征

通过无机铁(III)盐的水解在常温条件下制备了β-FeOOH 纳米线, 并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及选区电子衍射(SAED)对其形貌及结构进行了表征. 电镜结果表明, 所得到的纳米线直径约 60 nm, 长度为4～5 μm, 且沿[001]方向生长. XRD结果表明纳米线为四方相β-FeOOH, 在常温下结晶性良好. 研究表明FeCl₃浓度对纳米线生长有很大影响, 只有当FeCl₃浓度合适时, 才能制备出高质量的纳米线.     

1,2-和1,4-萘醌248 nm激光光解的瞬态吸收光谱研究

利用纳秒级激光光解动态吸收光谱装置,研究了1,2-和1,4-萘醌中性水溶液的瞬态吸收光谱.发现1,2-萘醌及1,4-萘醌被光电离后形成的阳离子自由基在380nm均有最大吸收,但1,4-萘醌阳离子自由基在衰变过程中又形成了两种新的活性粒子,它们的最大吸收分别位于410和580nm,分析表明:410nm属于1,4-萘醌脱氢自由基的吸收,而580nm很可能归属由于电子转移而形成的瞬态产物.进一步研究发现,1,2-萘醌在中性水溶液中能被248nm激光单光子电离.     

Spectroscopic studies into the influence of UV radiation on elastin in the presence of collagen

An investigation into the influence of UV irradiation on elastin hydrolysates in the presence of collagen was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. It was found that the absorbance of elastin hydrolysates in solution increased during irradiation more than the absorbance of the elastin/collagen blend. The fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates was observed at 305nm and at 380nm after excitation at 270nm. For the elastin/collagen mixture in solution, fluorescence spectrum shows only one maximum at 305nm. UV irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 305nm. For irradiated elastin the fluorescence at 305nm decreased faster than for the irradiated elastin/collagen mixture. The maximum of the fluorescence peak was shifted for elastin by 4nm, whereas for the elastin/collagen blends the shift was only 1-2nm. All the obtained results point out the ability of mixing elastin and collagen, and suggest that the elastin/collagen mixture in solution is less sensitive to UV irradiation than elastin hydrolysates alone.     

Preparation of stable colloidal solution of cadmium sulfide CdS using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

By the method of chemical condensation a stable aqueous colloidal solution of nanoparticles of cadmium sulfide was obtained. The solution obtained in the daylight had a bright lemon-yellow color. For the temporary stabilization of the solution was used an organic complexone, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), that prevented coagulation of colloidal particles up to several months at 4°C. At room temperature, the solution remained stable during a month. The structure and properties of the disperse phase were studied by the X-ray diffraction, optical fluorescence, and electron microscopy. The solid particles size is about 3 nm, they have a disordered close-packed structure with the space group P6mm and possess the photoluminescence color from green to orange depending on the duration of keeping the solution. The size of coagulates was 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm after keeping for 1, 2, and 4 months, respectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,4‐bis((E)‐2‐(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)vinyl)benzene) derivatives

New amorphous semiconducting copolymers, poly(9,9‐dialkylfluorene)‐alt‐(3‐dodecylthienyl‐divinylbenzene‐3‐dodecylthienyl) derivatives (PEFTVB and POFTVB), were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The structure of copolymers was confirmed by H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The copolymers showed very good solubility in organic solvents and high thermal stability with high T_g of 178–185 °C. The weight average molecular weight was found to be 107,900 with polydispersity of 3.14 for PEFTVB and 76,700 with that of 3.31 for POFTVB. UV–vis absorption studies showed the maximum absorption at 428 nm (in solution) and 435 nm (in film) for PEFTVB and at 430 nm (in solution) and 436 nm (in film) for POFTVB. Photoluminescence studies showed the emission at 498 nm (in solution) and 557 nm (in film) for PEFTVB and at 498 nm (in solution) and 536 nm (in film) for POFTVB. The solution‐processed thin‐film transistors showed the carrier mobility of 2 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1 for PEFTVB‐based devices and 2 × 10^?5 cm² V^?1 s^?1 for POFTVB‐based devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3942–3949, 2010     

Synthesis of nanosized chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) particles by a dropping method

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines are being investigated extensively because of their excellent potential over conventional protein ones. A suitable DNA carrier, consisting of uniformly dispersed chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) particles with an average size of 30 nm, was successfully synthesized by a dropping method with a ratio of chitosan solution to poly(acrylic acid) solution of 1:1 and was incubated in a buffer solution with a pH value of 3.0. The particle size increased from 35.76 to 45.90 nm when the pH value of the buffer solution was increased from 3.0 to 7.4. After freeze-drying, the non-incubated mixed solution showed a membranous morphology. A powdered product was formed from the mixed solution as incubated in buffer solution with pH values of 3.0 and 5.3. However, when the mixed solution was incubated in a buffer solution of pH 7.4, a mixture of membrane and powder was obtained.     

Change Color Effect and Spectral Properties of Gold Nanoparticle-cationic Surfactants System

The change color effect of gold nanoparticle solutions was studied by means of resonance scattering and absorption spectrometry and scan electron microscopy. The red Au nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm exhibit a resonance absorption peak and a resonance scattering peak all at 525 nm. After some inorganic electrolyte was added to a red Au nanoparticles solution, the color of the solution became blue and the absorbance at 600-700 nm was significantly increased. The ratio of the concentration of rnonovalent cations, at which the resonance scattering of the system at 525 nm is maximal to that of divalent cations, is in the range of 100 : 1--100 ; 1. 8. It is in good agreement with the Schulze-Hardy rule of the coagulation value of electrolyte. After adding some cationic surfactants to the above solution, the color of the solution is in deep blue, with two resonance absorption peaks at 550 and 680 nm, and a greatly enhanced resonance scattering peak at 525 nm. The experiments demonstrate that the stronger the hydrophobicity of the cationic surfactant is, the stronger the change color effect of the Au nanoparticle solution promoted by cationic surfactant is. The change color effect of Au nanoparticle solution is resulted from the increased diameter of Au nanoparticles, and the changes of resonance absorotion DeaR and resonance scattering.     

CONCENTRATION AND SOLVENT SENSITIVE VISIBLE SPECTRA OF POLY(TRICYANOVINYLDIMETHYLANILINE): AGGREGATION AND SOLVATOCHROMISM

ABSTRACT

This work presents unusual spectral behavior of poly(tricyanovinyl dimethylaniline) (1) in dilute solutions. A new conjugated polymer(1) was prepared from p-(tricyanovinyl)N,N-dimethylaniline via the use of a methylglucopyranoside reagent. It is observed that dilute solutions of 1 exhibit spectral features associated with aggregation. The associative interaction is studied by changing the salt concentration of LiBr in DMF solution, by changing the concentration of 1, and by varying the solvents. The association modifies the visible spectrum of 1 in dilute solution. Spectra of 1 in DMF solution exhibit an intense absorption maximum at 429 nm, which can be assigned to the side group, with tailing past 700 nm. With increasing concentration, a new absorption band arises between 480 nm and 700 nm. LiBr dissociates the aggregate to decrease the additional spectral features. The visible spectrum of 1 varies in different solvents. The spectrum of 1 in chloroform solution exhibits two maxima at 490 nm and 550 nm. The associative interaction presumably arises from a dipole–dipole interaction among pendant side groups. In DMF solution of 1 in the presence of p-chloranil, the spectrum shows a maximum at 429 nm with a distinct shoulder near 520 nm which does not orginate from 1 and p-chloranil(CA) itself.     

含三嗪或查尔酮结构聚对亚苯基亚乙炔基的合成及其荧光特性

聚对亚苯基亚乙炔基(polyphenyleneethynylene,PPE)是主链由苯环与乙炔基交替相联的线型聚合物,其共轭主链的电子流动性好,在溶液中有较高的荧光量子效率,具有独特的光电性能,已在分子导线、分子传感器、液晶显示、发光二极管和能量传输材料等领域得到应用[1~4].在聚对亚苯基亚     

A Study of Spectroscopy on TCAQ Microcrystal

UV-visible absorption spectra of 11,11,12,12-tetracyano-9,10-anthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) solution, crystal and evaporated film were, measured. The absorption spectrum of TCAQ solution in DMF had three bands at 287 nm(4.45), 310 nm(4.23) and 350 nm(4.38) respectively; that of evaporated films had one band at 370 nm and that of crystalline powder had four bands at 243 nm, 275 nm, 320 nm and 430 nm respectively. Surface photovoltage spectra of TCAQ microcrystal gave two bands at P₁ (320 nm) and P₂ (430 nm) respectively. The absorption bands were assigned and the energy levels of frontier orbitals were tentatively determined. In addition,the mechanism of hole, production and transportation in crystalline TCAQ was discussed.     

水相中四氯化碳的激光闪光光解研究

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了水相中四氯化碳光分解和光氧化的微观机制,并且指证了水相中四氯化碳受光激发所产生的瞬态光谱中的一些瞬态物种的特征吸收峰。并对这些瞬态物种的行为和归宿进行了研究。研究表明在248nm激光作用下,四氯化碳受光激发将分解为CCl~3^.自由基和Cl^.自由基。CCl~3^.自由基在无氧/有氧条件下的反应途径是不同的:在无氧条件下CCl~3^.自由基将进行偶合反应生成更难于降解的C~2Cl~6;而在有氧条件下CCl~3^.自由基则与O~2反应生成CCl~3O~2^.自由基,而CCl~3O~2^.自由基最终转变为COCl~2,这意味着光氧化能够有效地降解CCl~4。Cl^.自由基基本上不受氧气存在的影响,其归宿是与水分子发生电荷转移反应。