一步法水热合成 TiO2纳米线及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯和异丙醇为原料, 采用一步法在NaOH溶液中水解后直接进行水热反应, 经焙烧处理, 得到TiO2纳米线. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDX)对产物进行了形貌、结构及成分的表征. 考察了不同水热温度、碱液浓度、水热反应时间及焙烧温度等因素对产物的影响. 结果表明, 获得较好形貌TiO2纳米线的最佳水热温度、碱液浓度和水热反应时间分别是180 ℃, 10 mol/L和24 h. 所得TiO2纳米线焙烧至950 ℃时仍为锐钛矿相, 说明本文制备方法迟滞了TiO2纳米线由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变. 以甲基橙为目标降解物, 采用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了未掺杂和铕掺杂TiO2纳米线(Eu-TiO2)的光催化性能. 结果显示, 最佳掺铕量(摩尔分数)为1.6%. 在300 W紫外灯照射60 min时, 此掺铕量的TiO2纳米线对甲基橙溶液的降解率是未掺杂样品的1.5倍.     

电场对TiO2纳米膜光催化性能的影响

 以泡沫镍为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米膜光催化剂. 在自制外加电场光催化反应装置中,对催化剂施加一定的偏电压,研究了甲基橙溶液的光电催化降解反应,考察了偏压极性、阳极偏压和甲基橙初始溶液浓度等对降解效率的影响,并比较了光电催化与光催化、光解对甲基橙溶液降解的差异. 结果表明,外加阳极偏压形成的电场可以较大幅度提高甲基橙溶液的降解效率. 从半导体和量子力学理论出发探讨了电场促进光催化反应的作用机理.     

柔性不锈钢基底上一维TiO_2纳米线薄膜的制备及表征

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在柔性不锈钢基底(50μm)上沉积纯钛薄膜,后在NaOH碱溶液中经水热法制备了非钛基大长径比的一维TiO2纳米线薄膜,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及光电化学的方法对不锈钢基一维TiO2纳米线薄膜进行了表征.结果表明,纯钛薄膜的致密度、结晶性能以及与基底的结合强度均随衬底温度的升高而加强;在10mol·L-1NaOH浓度下,生长一维TiO2纳米线结构的适宜温度为130-150℃;TiO2纳米线长度达到几个微米,直径在10-30nm之间,并且相互交叉生长,构成一个三维网络结构.此外,在Na2SO4溶液中对TiO2纳米线薄膜进行了线性扫描和瞬态光电流测试,结果表明,一维TiO2纳米线薄膜电极较TiO2纳米颗粒电极表现出更优异的光电化学性能.这种磁控溅射与水热反应相结合的方法,为非钛异质基底上制备一维TiO2纳米线薄膜提供了新的思路.     

多孔阵列TiO2/Ti的光电催化性能

以聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列为模板, 溶胶浸渍法制得负载于钛基的多孔阵列二氧化钛材料TiO2/Ti, 用SEM和XRD分析其表面形貌和晶相组成. 将此多孔材料用作电极, 研究其间歇光照开路电位谱和光电流谱, 催化降解甲基橙以及催化析氢反应等光电催化性能. 结果表明, 在光电协同作用下多孔阵列TiO2/Ti具有很高的催化活性, 2.5 h内对甲基橙的降解率达到87.1%, 5.0 h高达97.9%, 反应表观速率常数为0.77 h-1;光照作用可以使析氢电位降低0.13 V.     

多孔阵列TiO2/Ti的光电催化性能

以聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列为模板,溶胶浸渍法制得负载于钛基的多孔阵列二氧化钛材料TiO2/Ti,用SEM和XRD分析其表面形貌和晶相组成.将此多孔材料用作电极,研究其间歇光照开路电位谱和光电流谱,催化降解甲基橙以及催化析氢反应等光电催化性能.结果表明,在光电协同作用下多孔阵列TiO2/Ti具有很高的催化活性,2.5 h内对甲基橙的降解率达到87.1%,5.0 h高达97.9%,反应表观速率常数为0.77 h-1;光照作用可以使析氢电位降低0.13 V.     

污水处理时微弧放电催化过程中多能场的协同效应

 以Ti为阳极研究了微弧放电对污水的处理效果,发现放电条件下对甲基橙的脱色效果显著. 在H3PO4电解液(0.3 mol/L)中,峰值电压为550 V、 脉冲频率为300 Hz、 占空比为1/180、 阳极电极面积为25 mm×50 mm条件下, 60 min内甲基橙溶液(600 ml, 20 mg/L)的脱色率可达94%. XRD结果显示,放电中Ti阳极上形成的陶瓷层为锐钛矿型TiO2. 光谱结果表明,电极表面微弧的波长为300～350 nm. 这说明该放电体系中存在光催化、电催化和类似超声的冲击波催化的反应条件. 以Ti阳极陶瓷层为催化剂进行的对照实验表明,单独进行光催化、电催化和声催化反应对甲基橙溶液的脱色效果不明显. 通过机理分析认为, Ti阳极上的微弧放电是以等离子体催化为主要作用方式,并在放电环境中形成多能场的协同作用,实现对有机物降解.     

Ru-TiO_2光电极的研制与性能研究

采用阳极氧化法制备Ru-TiO2光电极,通过紫外-可见漫反射吸收(UV-Vis-DRS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和交流阻抗(EIS)对光电极的性能进行表征,探讨了氧化电压、煅烧温度、钌掺杂量的影响。结果表明:Ru掺杂后TiO2结晶更完全,光吸收强度明显提高。在HF电解液中,阳极氧化制备Ru-TiO2光电极的最佳条件为:氧化电压为20V,热处理温度600℃,钌掺杂量1%。不同条件Ru-TiO2光电极对甲基橙溶液进行脱色效果依次为:光电催化光催化电催化。     

氧化锌纳米棒的水热合成及其光催化性能

以分析纯ZnO作为锌源、NaOH为矿化剂、盐酸为反应溶液pH调节剂,利用水热反应制备了花状ZnO纳米棒;采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了产物的形貌和结构,考察了水热温度以及Zn2+和OH-浓度比对产物形貌的影响;以甲基橙为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了ZnO纳米棒的光催化性能.结果表明,在水热反应温度80℃、Zn2+/OH-浓度比1∶7.5条件下所得ZnO纳米棒呈花状聚合,直径约为200nm,长度约为2μm,具有六方纤锌矿结构.当甲基橙初始浓度为30 mg.L-1、ZnO纳米棒的投放量为1.5g.L-1时,以300W紫外灯照射150min,甲基橙的降解率可达90%.     

水热法制备三维网状TiO2纳米线薄膜及其光电化学性能

为了构建纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)的特殊结构以提高TiO2纳米材料的光催化性能, 利用水热法在钛箔表面制备了三维网络结构的TiO2纳米线薄膜(W-film). 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)仪对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 三维网络TiO2纳米线薄膜是由大量非定向生长的锐钛矿型纳米线组成, 直径为10-30 nm, 长度大于5 μm. 利用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对W-film 进行光学性能研究, 结果表明在350-700 nm波长范围内W-film的吸光度均大于TiO2纳米粒子(P25)薄膜(P-film)的吸收度, 同时吸收带边发生红移, 且吸光度随水热时间增加而增加. 进一步在Na2SO4溶液中研究了W-film的光电化学性能, 结果表明其光电化学性能较P-film优异. 并以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了W-film的光催化性能. 在相同测试条件下, W-film光催化降解甲基橙的速率是P-film的2.3倍, 展示了良好的应用前景. 这种复合W-film电极兼有柔性和可外加电场的双重优点, 拓展了TiO2薄膜的应用领域.     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管的制备及其光电催化降解染料废水性能

采用阴极电沉积和阳极氧化法制备了Fe2O3改性TiO2纳米管(Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs)电极,运用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征,考察了其光电化学性能,并研究了复合电极光电催化降解甲基橙染料废水的反应性能.结果表明,Fe2O3的负载成功地将TiO2-NTs的光响应区间拓宽到可见光区域,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极的光电流密度达到TiO2-NTs电极的3倍.在光电催化反应中,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs复合电极对甲基橙的脱色效果明显优于TiO2-NTs电极,以Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs为阳极,光照5min,甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达90%以上.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.