新烟碱类杀虫剂生物活性的理论研究和结构修饰*

在B3LYP/6-311G基组水平下,运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的量子化学方法,对20种重氮乙烷新烟碱类杀虫剂分子的电子结构特征进行了研究,获得了它们的前线轨道能(EHOMO、ENHOMO、ELUMO、ENLUMO等)、原子电荷(Qi)、摩尔熵(Sm)、偶极矩(μ)等量化参数与物理性质。经最佳变量子集回归研究发现,重氮乙烷新烟碱类杀虫剂分子对果蝇n AChRs、哺乳动物α4β2亚型的亲和力常数(p KD、p KA)分别与ELUMO、QW、QF、QN等参数具有良好的线性关系。逐一或逐四剔除交互验证以及VIF、tα/2检验,所建2个QSAR模型具有良好的稳健性及预测能力。根据2个QSAR模型推断了重氮乙烷新烟碱类分子可能的杀虫机理。进一步研究发现,在重氮乙烷新烟碱类分子的吡啶环上的合适部位,选用不含复键的吸电子能力较强的取代基团对其进行结构修饰,有利于提高修饰后分子的生物活性。基于分子17,设计出4种经结构修饰后对果蝇n AChRs亲和力显著提高的重氮乙烷新烟碱类分子(分别是分子27,28,30和31),希望能得到实验的证实。     

定量结构-性质/活性关系在分析和环境化学中的进展及应用

定量结构-性质/活性关系(QSPR/QSAR)是目前国际上一个比较活跃的研究领域.该方法将理论计算方法和各种统计分析工具相结合,研究系列化合物的结构与其生物活性和各种物理化学性质之间的定量函数关系.QSPR/QSAR不仅可以建立预测化合物的各种理化性质以及生物活性的理论模型,而且可以发现和确定对化合物的各种性质起决定作...     

黄酮类化合物结构修饰及抗肿瘤活性研究进展

我国天然药物和中药资源丰富,种类繁多,可作为先导化合物进行修饰以提高可成药性。其中,黄酮类化合物是自然界中一种常见的天然多酚类化合物,在抗肿瘤方面具有其独特的生物活性;对其进行结构修饰与改造,可提高黄酮类化合物的生物利用度和抗肿瘤活性。本文通过查阅并整理近几年国内外的黄酮类化合物的相关文献,对黄酮类化合物的母核位点进行结构修饰与改造所得的101个黄酮类衍生物及其抗肿瘤活性及作用机制进行综述,同时讨论了构效关系,以期为黄酮类衍生物的结构修饰和抗肿瘤研究提供参考和帮助。     

含芳硫醚结构的新型酰胺衍生物的设计、合成和生物活性（英文）

在前期工作中,含芳硫醚(砜)结构的系列酰胺衍生物在200μg/mL浓度下显示出了优异的杀线虫活性.为了细致研究氟吡菌酰胺中酰胺桥结构修饰对生物活性的影响,通过采取酰胺键翻转、引入N-磺酰基取代的酰胺键,设计、合成了两系列结构新颖的含芳硫醚的酰胺化合物.生物活性测定显示,酰胺桥结构修饰对目标化合物的杀线虫活性和杀菌活性影响较大.其中,相对于化合物Ⅰ,化合物Ⅱ中酰胺键上N-磺酰基的引入有利于改善杀线虫活性.分子对接发现,酰胺桥中羰基或者磺酰基与芳香环直接相连对杀线虫活性是有利的.     

基于分子指纹对黄酮类化合物及其抗DPPH自由基活性的QSAR分析

应用定量构效关系（Quantitative structure activity relationship, QSAR）研究阐明黄酮类化合物（Flavonoid compounds, FCs）的子结构指纹（Substructure fingerprint）与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）自由基清除能力之间的关系,从而指导高效抗氧化物质的设计和发现。在PubMed数据库中收集77个具有明确抗氧化活性的黄酮类化合物,而在ChEMBL数据库中收集86个无抗DPPH活性的黄酮类化合物。这163个黄酮类化合物的子结构指纹由PubChem系统生成,然后通过卡方检验筛选出与黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性显著相关的分子指纹,最后通过判别分析建立预测QSAR模型,并采用回代法和交叉验证法对已建立的模型进行准确性和稳健性的验证。结果表明,黄酮类化合物抗DPPH自由基活性与ESSSR环的计数、简单相邻原子的类型和简单的SMARTS模式等因素有关。此外,所建立的QSAR模型能较好地预测黄酮类化合物的DPPH自由基清除活性,可用于评价候选抗氧化剂的潜力。     

天然5,7-二羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮与5-羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮的全合成

以2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮和2,6-二羟基苯乙酮为原料, 分别通过甲基保护酚羟基、 苯甲酰氯酰化、 Bake-Venkataraman重排、 异戊烯基化、 酸催化关环及EtSLi脱去甲基等6步反应, 以高收率完成了天然5,7-二羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮(1a, 收率80.6%)和5-羟基-3-异戊烯基黄酮(1b, 收率84.9%)的全合成, 所有化合物均经 ¹H NMR 和 ¹³C NMR表征确定. 通过密度泛函理论方法对目标产物(1a和1b)的生物活性进行了预测. 结果表明, 3位异戊烯基侧链的存在能大大增强化合物相应的生物活性, 而且是化合物生物活性增强必需的取代基. 另外, 目标产物1a的生物活性高于产物1b, 归因于黄酮类化合物分子中A环上的7-OH属增效基团, 起到增强生物活性的作用, 化合物1a分子中A环上有7-OH, 而化合物1b分子中则无该基团. 本合成方法对其它3-烃基黄酮类天然化合物的合成具有潜在的适用性, 所预测的生物活性结果为3-烃基黄酮类化合物的构效关系研究奠定了基础.     

含氟新农药的构效关系研究Ⅰ.经典QSAR分析

为了能更深入地认识含氟新化合物作为农药的生物活性和其结构间的关系,建立有意义的构效关系模型,我们用经典QSAR(定量构效关系)方法研究了三十三个含氟化合物的两种不同的生物活性与结构的关系,其对抗黄瓜疫病活性模型有很好的解释能力和预测能力,并根据这个模型设计了一些新的活性结构.而对抑制西瓜白绢病的活性数据的处理未能获得理想模型.通过这一工作确立了先应用聚类等定性分析方法,再用多元统计分析方法作更深入研究的QSAR研究模式.     

车前草中黄酮类成分结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中ωB97XD/6-311+G(2d,p)方法对车前草中的黄酮类化合物进行量化计算研究, 探讨了该类化合物的构效关系. 首先研究了13种车前草中提取的黄酮类化合物(1~13)和已成药的二氢杨梅素(14)的几何结构、 谱学性质及电子结构, 再运用概念密度泛函理论进行反应指数分析, 最后利用药代动力学平台开展了成药性评价. 根据几何结构的分析结果初步推测14种黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力强弱顺序为10>12≈ 7>13>6>4>14≈9≈8>11>5>3≈2>1. 核磁共振拟合结果表明, 利用该方法得到的核磁位移理论值与实验值吻合度较高(R²>0.95). 分子表面静电势图显示, 14种黄酮类化合物的静电势的极小值点都位于羰基氧附近, 极大值点都位于羟基氢附近, 且B环上对位羟基的极大值>C环和A环羟基极大值. 全局反应性描述符结果显示, 化合物1, 2, 4, 11和12的化学势较低, 电负性、 亲电指数和硬度较高, 说明这5种化合物的稳定性和反应性较好. 通过局部反应性描述符进一步预测了14种黄酮类化合物的亲核/亲电反应位点. 药代动力学结果显示, 化合物1, 3, 4, 6, 12和13的成药性和药代动力学活性较好. 研究结果表明, 化合物4和12最有成药潜力, 可进行更深入的实验研究.     

以均三嗪为核心的三类新型多杂环分子的合成与生物活性

均三嗪衍生物具有优良的生物活性,在均三嗪结构中将其它杂环对接引入已成为创制新型药物分子的重要方法.首次将1,2,4-三唑、三唑并噻二唑和1,2,4-三嗪等药效基团拼合在均三嗪结构中,设计合成了三类21个新型目标分子,并通过IR、1H NMR和HRMS等对目标分子进行了结构表征.首先为研究不同取代基团对药效活性的影响,利用4种不同的三嗪单取代化合物分别与含有苯基和正戊基的中间体缩合,合成了8个含有双1,2,4-三唑的目标分子,同时针对三唑环上的氨基进行修饰得到目标产物;其次利用7种不同的三嗪双取代化合物,首次将1,2,4-三嗪和三唑并噻二唑构筑在9个目标分子中.评价了21个目标分子对Cdc25B抑制活性.结果发现13个目标分子对Cdc25B均表现出良好的抑制活性,IC_(50)值在(3.99±0.80)~(0.44±0.07)μg/m L之间,其中6个目标分子的IC_(50)值均低于阳性参照物Na_3VO_4,有望成为潜在的抗肿瘤药物.     

苯甲酰硫脲类化合物生物活性的QSAR模型和结构修饰的理论研究

基于分子拓扑邻接矩阵,计算了18种苯甲酰硫脲衍生物的原子类型电性拓扑状态指数(En)。通过多元线性逐步回归方法,建立了令人满意的En与苯甲酰硫脲衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性(D)的定量结构-活性相关模型(QSAR)。该模型的相关系数(R2)、标准偏差(S)分别为0.861及1.273,该模型的计算值与相应实验值基本吻合。经Rcv2、VIF、FIT、AIC等指标检验,所建模型具有良好的预测能力与稳健性。利用该模型探讨了苯甲酰硫脲衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制机理。根据进入模型的2个电性拓扑状态指数E1、E7可知,影响苯甲酰硫脲衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性的主要因素是分子的二维结构特征-CH3和在芳环中=CH-等结构碎片。由结构修饰提出5种化合物,其中3种的抑菌活性均超出18mm,有待以后生物实验予以证实。     

Simvastatin inhibits induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play an important role in emphysematous change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. We previously reported that simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, attenuates emphysematous change and MMP-9 induction in the lungs of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. However, it remained uncertain how cigarette smoke induced MMP-9 and how simvastatin inhibited cigarette smoke-induced MMP-9 expression in alveolar macrophages (AMs), a major source of MMP-9 in the lungs of COPD patients. Presently, we examined the related signaling for MMP-9 induction and the inhibitory mechanism of simvastatin on MMP-9 induction in AMs exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In isolated rat AMs, CSE induced MMP-9 expression and phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. A chemical inhibitor of MEK1/2 or PI3K reduced phosphorylation of ERK or Akt, respectively, and also inhibited CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction. Simvastatin reduced CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction, and simvastatin-mediated inhibition was reversed by farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Similar to simvastatin, inhibition of FPP transferase or GGPP transferase suppressed CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction. Simvastatin attenuated CSE-mediated activation of RAS and phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, p65, IκB, and nuclear AP-1 or NF-κB activity. Taken together, these results suggest that simvastatin may inhibit CSE-mediated MMP-9 induction, primarily by blocking prenylation of RAS in the signaling pathways, in which Raf-MEK-ERK, PI3K/Akt, AP-1, and IκB-NF-κB are involved.     

Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB transcriptional activity

The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the intima, an important step in injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia, requires the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the consequent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study was undertaken to test for a possible effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, on MMP-9 expression. ALA inhibited high-glucose- and TNF-alpha-stimulated VSMC migrations in vitro. It also inhibited high-glucose- and TNF-alpha-induced increases in MMP-9 expression. The activity of MMP-9-promoter constructs with mutations in the NF-kappaB binding site was not inhibited by ALA, indicating an involvement of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the ALA-specific inhibition of MMP-9. These data suggest the possibility that ALA may be useful for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty, by inhibiting the NF-kappaB/MMP-9 pathway, especially with hyperglycemia.     

Ox-LDL suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity through CD36-mediated activation of PPAR-g

During chronic inflammatory response, mono- cytes/macrophages produce 92-kDa matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which may contribute to their extravasation, migration and tissue remodeling. Activation of peroxisome proliferator- activated factor receptor-g (PPAR-g) has been shown to inhibit MMP-9 activity. To evaluate whether ox-LDL, a PPAR-g activator, inhibits PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity, and if so, whether CD36 and PPAR-g are involved in this process, we investigated the effect of ox-LDL on MMP-9 expression and activity in PMA-activated human monocytic cell line U937. PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity were suppressed by the treatment with ox-LDL (50 mg/ml) or PPAR-g activators such as troglitazone (5 mM), ciglitazone (5 mM), and 15d- PGJ2 (1 mM) for 24 h. This ox-LDL or PPAR-g activator-mediated inhibition of MMP-9 activity was diminished by the pre-treatment of cells with a blocking antibody to CD36, or PGF2a (0.3 mM), which is a PPAR-g inhibitor, as well as overexpression of a dominant-negative form of CD36. Taken together, these results suggest that ox-LDL suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity through CD36-mediated activation of PPAR-g.     

Threshold dissociation and molecular modeling of transition metal complexes of flavonoids

The relative threshold dissociation energies of a series of flavonoid/transition metal/auxiliary ligand complexes of the type [MII (flavonoid - H) auxiliary ligand]+ formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) were measured by energy-variable collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) in a quadrupole ion trap (QIT). For each of the isomeric flavonoid diglycoside pairs, the rutinoside (with a 1-6 inter-saccharide linkage) requires a greater CAD energy and thus has a higher dissociation threshold than its neohesperidoside (with a 1-2 inter-saccharide linkage) isomer. Likewise, the threshold energies of complexes containing flavones are higher than those containing flavanones. The monoglycoside isomers also have characteristic threshold energies. The flavonoids that are glycosylated at the 3-O- position tend to have lower threshold energies than those glycosylated at the 7-O- or 4'-O- position, and those that are C- bonded have lower threshold energies than the O- bonded isomers. The structural features that substantially influence the threshold energies include the aglycon type (flavanone versus flavone), the type of disaccharide (rutinose versus neohesperidose), and the linkage type (O- bonded versus C- bonded). Various computational means were applied to probe the structures and conformations of the complexes and to rationalize the differences in threshold energies of isomeric flavonoids. The most favorable coordination geometry of the complexes has a plane-angle of about 62 degrees , which means that the deprotonated flavonoid and 2,2'-bipyridine within a complex do not reside on the same plane. Stable conformations of five cobalt complexes and five deprotonated flavonoids were identified. The conformations were combined with the point charges and helium accessible surface areas to explain qualitatively the differences in threshold energies for isomeric flavonoids.     

基质金属蛋白酶与天然黄酮醇类药物抑制剂识别机理的光谱学研究

基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteiriases, MMPs)是肿瘤细胞对正常组织的侵袭和转移过程中重要的调节因子, 可以水解多种细胞内、细胞外及细胞膜上的底物, 因而影响着多种细胞的行为.当MMPs表达异常时, 很多种病理会改变甚至恶化, 因此, MMPs已成为近年来备受关注的一类抗肿瘤药物靶标蛋白酶. 选用MMPs的几种天然黄酮醇类药物小分子抑制剂,利用荧光滴定光谱和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱相结合, 研究了它们与MMPs家族成员之一MMP-16之间的分子识别和作用机理. 研究结果表明, 这几种黄酮醇化合物不但对MMP-16显示出了较强的结合能力, 而且在结合模式、结合比和抗氧化性能等多方面都表现出了很强的结构-性能差异.     

Enzymatic inhibitory activity of Ficus deltoidea leaf extract on matrix metalloproteinase-2, 8 and 9

Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity is known in many pathological conditions with which most of the conditions are related to elevate MMPs activities. Ficus deltoidea (FD) is a plant known for its therapeutic properties. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of FD leaf extract, we study the enzymatic inhibition properties of FD leaf extract and its major bioactive compounds (vitexin and isovitexin) on a panel of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9) using experimental and computational approaches. FD leaf extract and its major bioactive compounds showed pronounced inhibition activity towards the MMPs tested. Computational docking analysis revealed that vitexin and isovitexin bind to the active site of the three tested MMPs. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity and cell migration inhibition activity of FD leaf extract in the endothelial EA.hy 926 cell line. Conclusively, this study provided additional information on the potential of FD leaf extract for therapeutical application.     

Flavonoids inhibiting glycation of bovine serum albumin: affinity-activity relationship

Protein glycation leads to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The structure-activity relationship of dietary flavonoids for inhibiting the glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro was subjected to a detailed investigation. The structure-activity relationship revealed that: 1) the hydroxylation on ring B of the flavones enhanced the inhibition and the hydroxyl groups at the C-5 and C-7 positions of flavones favoured the inhibition; 2) the optimal number of hydroxyl groups on ring B of the flavonols was one (at the C-3 position) and the methylation of flavonols weakened the inhibition; 3) the methoxylation at the C-6 position and methylation at C-4′ position of genistein clearly enhanced the inhibition; 4) the hydroxyl groups at the C-5 and C-7 positions of flavanones were in favour of the inhibition; 5) the glycosylation of flavonoids significantly weakened the inhibition. Obvious linear affinity-activity relationships exist between the BSA-flavonoid interaction and flavonoids as BSA glycation inhibitors (R² = 0.76585). The flavonoids with a higher affinity to BSA exhibited a stronger inhibition of the glycation of BSA.     

Synthesis of a beta-tetrapeptide analog as a mother compound for the development of matrix metalloproteinase-2-imaging agents

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an attractive target for the diagnosis of cancer and atherosclerosis in nuclear imaging. A cyclic decapeptide, cCTTHWGFTLC (cCTT), has been used as the mother compound for the development of MMP-2-imaging agents with high potency and selectivity. Most of radiolabeled derivatives of cCTT currently developed for in vivo studies of MMP-2, however, suffer from low accumulation in the target tissues, such as tumors. For enhanced in vivo stability and tissue penetration, we designed a linear beta-tetrapeptide analog, H-beta 3-Phe-beta-Ala-beta 3-Trp-beta 3-His-OH (1), to mimic cCTT. The component beta-amino acids were prepared by reduction of N-protected alpha-amino acid methyl esters to the alcohols, followed by conversion into the cyanides, and subsequent hydrolysis. Compound 1 was obtained from these beta-amino acids by the conventional solution method. In MMP-2 inhibition assay, compound 1 displayed desirably significant inhibition, which was comparable to cCTT. These findings suggest that compound 1 may serve as a mother compound in the design and development of in vivo MMP-2-imaging agents.