石墨烯/Fe3O4磁性纳米材料分散固相萃取环境水样中的己烯雌酚

合成了石墨烯/Fe3O4磁性纳米材料(G/Fe3O4),并以此作为吸附剂,建立了分散固相萃取环境水样中己烯雌酚(DES)的新方法.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪对吸附剂进行表征.考察了pH值、吸附时间、盐类等对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,最佳吸附pH值为7.0,吸附时间为20 min,吸附率最高可达88.2％.无水乙醇可有效洗脱吸附在石墨烯/Fe3O4磁性纳米材料表面的己烯雌酚,回收后的吸附剂可再利用.石墨烯/Fe3O4磁性纳米材料对己烯雌酚的等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,其最大吸附容量为79.6 mg/g,Langmuir吸附平衡常数为5.39 mL/μg.     

Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3对水中痕量微囊藻毒素的萃取

通过水热合成法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子,该纳米粒子微球具有均一的形貌、良好的磁性和分散性。将合成的Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子作为磁性固相萃取(MSPE)介质,并结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立了水样中痕量微囊藻毒素MC-LR的分析方法。在优化实验条件下,方法在0.25~146.5μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 1,检出限为0.011μg/L。将该方法用于纯水中微囊藻毒素的分析,回收率为81.0%,对实际水样的回收率为66.7%~72.0%。表明Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性纳米粒子具有良好的选择性富集能力,可用于水中痕量微囊藻毒素的萃取。     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定地下水中痕量高氯酸根离子

建立了测定地下水中痕量高氯酸根（ClO~4）的固相萃取-离子色谱(SPE-IC)分析方法。0.7 L水样经预处理降低主要干扰离子Cl~、CO2~3和SO2~4的干扰后,使用Cleanert PWAX弱阴离子交换固相萃取小柱对地下水中痕量(μg/L级)的ClO~4进行富集,用6 mL 1%NaOH溶液洗脱,富集液经0.45 μm水膜过滤后,用IonPac AS20阴离子分离柱、50 μL进样环、40 mmol/L KOH溶液淋洗、抑制电导检测分离分析。结果表明,地下水样品中ClO~4的方法检出限和测定下限分别为0.15 μg/L和0.60 μg/L,进样质量浓度在1～15 μg/L范围内有很好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9992,回收率为99.7%～100.5%;该方法经济有效,可用于地下水中痕量ClO~4的检测。利用该方法测定了哈尔滨周边部分地区地下水中ClO~4浓度,检测结果与离子色谱-质谱联用法的检测结果的相对误差为1.85%～9.24%。     

磁性氧化石墨烯固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境水样中6种三嗪类除草剂残留

采用一步合成法制备磁性氧化石墨烯材料(GO-Fe_3O_4),将其用作磁性固相吸附剂对环境水样中的6种三嗪类除草剂进行萃取和富集,并与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法相结合进行测定。以扫描电镜和傅立叶红外光谱对合成材料进行了表征,并考察了GO-Fe_3O_4用量、萃取时间、水样的pH值及离子强度和解吸条件等因素对萃取效率的影响。6种三嗪类除草剂的检出限为0.1~1.0 ng/L,富集倍数可达616~902倍。将方法应用于苏州地区太湖水、运河水和护城河水等实际水样的分析,加标回收率为85.4%~117.6%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~10.0%。该方法操作简单快速,富集倍数较高,检出限低,可用于水样中痕量三嗪类除草剂残留的检测。     

磁性氮掺杂石墨烯固相萃取环境水样中的4种有机氯污染物

采用化学共沉淀法成功合成了磁性氮掺杂石墨烯纳米材料, 对其吸附性能进行了初步探讨.此磁性纳米材料对对氯间二甲苯酚的吸附不局限于均匀的单分子层吸附,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.将其作为磁性固相吸附剂,通过对吸附剂用量、超声萃取时间、水样pH值、上样体积等条件的优化,建立了超声辅助磁性固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱同时测定环境水样中的三氯生(TCS)、对氯间二甲苯酚(PCMX)、六氯苯(HCB)和2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-六氯联苯(PCB-153) 4种有机氯污染物的方法. 在优化条件下,将6.0 mg Fe3O4/N-G分散于100 mL水样中,调节水样至pH 5,超声萃取15 s,磁性分离,3 mL乙醇和2 mL二氯甲烷分步洗脱,洗脱液氮吹定容,进行气相色谱-质谱联用分析.4种有机污染物在0.1~10 μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9983~0.9999,检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.05~0.6 ng/L和0.4~2.4 ng/L,3个加标浓度水平的回收率为68.3%~103.4%,日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差分别为3.3%~6.9%和3.4%~9.4%(n=6).本方法简单方便,易于操作,适用于环境水样中有机氯污染物的检测.     

氮掺杂石墨烯分散固相萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铜

以氮掺杂石墨烯(NG)为分散固相萃取(DSPE)吸附剂,建立了NG富集分离--火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定水样中痕量Cu2+的方法。当萃取溶液的p H值为6. 0,NG用量为30. 0 mg,萃取时间为20 min,洗脱剂为1. 50 mol·L-1的硝酸溶液时,Cu2+的富集因子达80。Cu2+的线性范围为0. 5～80μg·L-1,相关系数(R2)为0. 9988,检出限为0. 45μg·L-1,相对标准偏差小于3. 1%。此方法成功地应用于自来水、公园湖水、地下水中铜离子含量的测定,其加标回收率为96%～103%。     

石墨烯固相微萃取纤维的制备及对多氯联苯的检测

采用溶胶-凝胶方法合成了石墨烯复合材料,将其均匀地涂在铜丝表面制备了石墨烯固相微萃取纤维,结合固相微萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(SPME-GC-ECD)技术,建立了对环境中类二英多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的直接测定方法。实验优化了萃取温度、萃取时间、pH值和离子强度等固相微萃取条件。在优化条件下,石墨烯固相微萃取纤维较商品化纤维(100μm PDMS、75μm CAR/PDMS、85μm PA)的萃取效率平均高2倍。对于DL-PCBs分析,该方法在0.05～3.5μg.L-1范围内呈良好线性(除PCB169外,r2均高于0.99),检出限为4.7～8.8 ng.L-1,单个纤维间及纤维与纤维间的相对标准偏差分别为1.4%～8.1%和2.4%～12.8%。该纤维对12种环境样品中DL-PCBs加标0.5μg.L-1和2 ng.g-1的回收率为87%～120%。方法简单、快速、灵敏,可实现对多氯联苯的痕量检测。     

石墨烯基固相萃取灵敏检测环境水样中痕量罗丹明B

采用石墨烯作为吸附剂制备固相萃取(SPE)小柱,结合高效液相色谱用于环境水样中痕量罗丹明B的灵敏检测。由于大比表面积的石墨烯与罗丹明B之间具有强烈的π-π共轭作用,可提高罗丹明B在石墨烯上的吸附量,从而增强所制备的石墨烯基SPE小柱对罗丹明B的富集能力。对固相萃取条件进行优化,在优化的条件下采用Inertsil ODS-SP(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,水:甲醇=25:75(V/V)做为流动相,流速1.0 m L/min,进样量20μL,550 nm波长下进行检测。该方法在3.91~250.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限(3σ)为2.29μg/L。该SPE小柱对罗丹明B具有良好的选择性富集能力,可以实现环境水样中痕量罗丹明B的准确和灵敏检测。     

磁性石墨烯固相萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水和绿茶中酰胺类除草剂残留

采用磁性石墨烯纳米复合材料作为磁性固相萃取剂进行磁性固相萃取,再进行分散液液微萃取,采用气相色谱建立了高灵敏测定环境水样和绿茶中5种酰胺类除草剂残留的方法。对影响萃取效率的诸因素进行了优化。在优化条件下,5种酰胺类除草剂的富集倍数在3399～4002之间,甲草胺、乙草胺、异丙甲草胺、丁草胺和丙草胺浓度在0.1～50μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9973～0.9993之间,检出限在0.01～0.03μg/L范围内。本方法应用于河水、自来水和绿茶样品的分析,平均加标回收率在80.2%～108.4%之间,相对标准偏差在3.8%～5.8%之间。本方法操作简单、灵敏、富集倍数高。     

离子液体修饰的磁性类沸石咪唑酯骨架材料在藻毒素分析中的应用

采用基于离子液体修饰的类沸石咪唑酯磁性复合纳米材料(IL@M/ZIF-8)的磁性固相萃取(MSPE)前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定环境水体中痕量微囊藻毒素MC-RR和MC-LR的浓度水平。以扫描电镜和透射电镜对合成材料进行表征,并对UPLC-MS/MS条件和MSPE技术中吸附剂用量、水样pH值、洗脱溶剂的种类、振荡时间等参数进行优化。在最佳条件下,MC-RR和MC-LR分别在0.01～5μg/L和0.05～5μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性,线性系数(r)分别为0.999 5、0.999 3,检出限分别为1.98、3.94 ng/L,定量下限分别为6.52、12.98 ng/L。将该方法应用于实际水样的测定,加标回收率为88.5%～108%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～7.2%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于水样中痕量微囊藻毒素的检测。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.