一种含吡啶配体氮杂环卡宾钯络合物(NHC)PdCl_2(Py)的合成及其高效催化偶联反应

通过两步反应合成了一种卡宾配合物(NHC)Pd Cl2(Py),该配合物在有氧条件下能够高效地催化Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应和Sonogashira偶联反应.对于Suzuki偶联和Sonogashira偶联,仅使用0.1 mol%催化量的催化剂就能取得较好的收率.而对于不活泼的Heck偶联,使用1 mol%催化量的催化剂也能得到较好的产率.     

氟喹诺酮作为钯催化Heck反应有效配体的研究

研究了氟喹诺酮作为钯催化Heck反应的有效配体. 碘苯、溴苯和其它芳基卤衍生物与丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯等取代乙烯类化合物在钯和氟喹诺酮的催化下发生Heck反应. 讨论了配体、催化剂用量、碱和溶剂对Heck反应产率的影响. 该反应的最优化条件是: 钯源为Pd(OAc)2 (0.1 mol%), 诺氟沙星作为配体(0.2 mol%), K2CO3作为碱, DMA作为溶剂, 取代碘苯及溴苯和它们的衍生物与丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯等乙烯基化合物的反应均可以得到高收率的目标偶联产物.     

PdCl_2催化微波促进的水中的Heck反应研究

本文报道由微波促进PdCl_2催化的水中的Heck反应。考察了催化剂用量、辅助碱、季铵盐以及反应时间对溴苯与苯乙烯偶联反应的影响,发现催化剂用量为卤代芳烃的0.5%(摩尔分数)、K_2CO_3为辅助碱、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为添加剂、反应8 min为最佳反应条件。并在该条件下考察了氯苯、碘苯和溴苯及其衍生物与乙烯衍生物的Heck偶联反应,发现在这一反应条件下,只有溴苯及其衍生物获得了好的反应结果。同时,对于水相进行了2次循环利用,发现第2次循环反应时,水相依旧保留较好的催化活性。     

高效可循环离子型钯配合物催化羰化Sonogashira反应

炔酮类化合物作为一类具有生物活性的分子,是天然产物全合成中构建杂环类化合物的重要中间体.炔酮类化合物的传统合成方法是通过过渡金属催化金属有机炔烃和酰氯的交叉偶联,但存在酰氯本身稳定性和底物官能团耐受力较差的缺点.近年来,钯催化的羰化Sonogashira反应(末端炔烃和芳基卤化物与CO的偶联反应)成为合成炔酮类化合物更为直接和有效的方法,其中与钯中心原子配位的配体的电子效应和空间效应可显著调控钯配合物的催化性能.但均相钯催化的羰化Sonogashira反应体系存在催化剂流失、分离困难和难以循环使用的问题.我们以2-(1-咪唑基)噻唑为母体分子,合成了具有P,S,N杂合配体特征的配体L1,同时将配体L1通过与MeOTf的季铵化反应得到相应的离子型膦配体L2.在此基础上,利用L1和L2与过渡金属中心的配位作用合成相应的钯配合物1A和2A.由于L1和L2中含有多种不同配位能力的配体(P-配体,S-配体和/或N-配体),故通过N/S杂原子对Pd-中心原子的协同弱配位作用,可以调变相应钯配合物对羰化Sonogashira反应的催化性能.另外,2A中具有强吸电子效应的正电荷的存在,使其结构和催化性能也必然不同于中性配合物1A.实验结果表明,在温和的反应条件(90℃,lh,CO压强1.0 MPa)下,对于碘苯和苯乙炔的羰化Sonogashira偶联反应,1A体现出优于2A的催化性能,TOF值达到840 h-1;但反应温度提高到120℃时,1A的TOF高达3560 h-1,2A的TOF为2960 h-1.与L1的2JP-Se=744 Hz相比,L2的2JP-Se=768 Hz,说明L2中具有吸电子效应的正电荷的存在降低了相应P原子的σ给电子能力(2JP-Se数值越大,相应膦配体的6给电子能力越弱);同时,1A中具有弱配位能力的N配体的缺失削弱了配体对Pd活性中心的稳定作用.在底物普适性研究中发现,4-硝基溴苯在相同反应条件下几乎得不到羰化Sonogashira偶联产物.而将反应体系中的CO换为同样压强下的N2,却可以顺利实现Sonogashira偶联反应.我们推测,在CO氛围下形成的pd0-CO活性物种(与N2氛围下形成的Pd0活性物种相比)具有相对较低的对底物的氧化加成能力.离子型钯配合物2A的优势在于,当将其与室温离子液体[Bmim]PF6(溶剂)结合使用,在2A催化碘苯与苯乙炔的羰化Sonogashira偶联反应过程中,循环使用8次催化性能没有明显下降.     

曲克芦丁钯配合物的制备及其对Heck反应的催化性能

制备了曲克芦丁钯配合物,利用红外光谱和紫外光谱表征了配合物的结构;同时考察了其对溴苯和丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:在反应物的物质的量之比(溴苯与丙烯酸)为1:2、反应温度120℃、反应时间8 h、三正丁胺为碱、四丁基溴化铵为溶剂的条件下,曲克芦丁钯配合物对溴苯和丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应有较好的催化...     

水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物催化的Sonogashira反应（英文）

成功合成了一种磺酸钠基团官能团化的水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物.在无膦、以水作溶剂的反应条件下,这种水溶性卡宾钯金属配合物能高效催化碘代芳烃和端基炔烃的Sonogashira偶联反应,反应结束后,可以通过萃取的方式把催化剂从反应混合物中分离出来,该催化剂可以重复循环使用四次.     

高效可循环离子型钯配合物催化羰化Sonogashira反应（英文）

炔酮类化合物作为一类具有生物活性的分子,是天然产物全合成中构建杂环类化合物的重要中间体.炔酮类化合物的传统合成方法是通过过渡金属催化金属有机炔烃和酰氯的交叉偶联,但存在酰氯本身稳定性和底物官能团耐受力较差的缺点.近年来,钯催化的羰化Sonogashira反应(末端炔烃和芳基卤化物与CO的偶联反应)成为合成炔酮类化合物更为直接和有效的方法,其中与钯中心原子配位的配体的电子效应和空间效应可显著调控钯配合物的催化性能.但均相钯催化的羰化Sonogashira反应体系存在催化剂流失、分离困难和难以循环使用的问题.我们以2-(1-咪唑基)噻唑为母体分子,合成了具有P,S,N杂合配体特征的配体L1,同时将配体L1通过与MeOTf的季铵化反应得到相应的离子型膦配体L2.在此基础上,利用L1和L2与过渡金属中心的配位作用合成相应的钯配合物1A和2A.由于L1和L2中含有多种不同配位能力的配体(P-配体,S-配体和/或N-配体),故通过N/S杂原子对Pd-中心原子的协同弱配位作用,可以调变相应钯配合物对羰化Sonogashira反应的催化性能.另外,2A中具有强吸电子效应的正电荷的存在,使其结构和催化性能也必然不同于中性配合物1A.实验结果表明,在温和的反应条件(90℃,1h,CO压强1.0 MPa)下,对于碘苯和苯乙炔的羰化Sonogashira偶联反应,1A体现出优于2A的催化性能,TOF值达到840 h~(-1);但反应温度提高到120℃时,1A的TOF高达3560 h~(-1),2A的TOF为2960 h~(-1).与L1的~2J_(P-Se)=744 Hz相比,L2的~2J_(P-Se)=768 Hz,说明L2中具有吸电子效应的正电荷的存在降低了相应P原子的σ给电子能力(~2J_(P-Se)数值越大,相应膦配体的σ给电子能力越弱);同时,1A中具有弱配位能力的N配体的缺失削弱了配体对Pd活性中心的稳定作用.在底物普适性研究中发现,4-硝基溴苯在相同反应条件下几乎得不到羰化Sonogashira偶联产物.而将反应体系中的CO换为同样压强下的N_2,却可以顺利实现Sonogashira偶联反应.我们推测,在CO氛围下形成的Pd~0-CO活性物种(与N_2氛围下形成的Pd~0活性物种相比)具有相对较低的对底物的氧化加成能力.离子型钯配合物2A的优势在于,当将其与室温离子液体[Bmim]PF_6(溶剂)结合使用,在2A催化碘苯与苯乙炔的羰化Sonogashira偶联反应过程中,循环使用8次催化性能没有明显下降.     

功能离子液体复合体系中钯催化的Heck偶联反应

在[BMIM][TPPMS]离子型膦配体和碱性离子液体 [BMIM][OAc] 组成的功能离子液体复合体系中, PdCl2(CH3CN)2可以有效地催化溴苯和丙烯酸乙酯的交叉偶联(Heck)反应, 产物肉桂酸乙酯(反式)的收率达到60%. 锚定在功能离子液体复合体系中的Pd催化剂循环使用11次后仍保持良好的活性和稳定性. 该催化剂体系的良好活性和稳定性可归因于三个方面: [BMIM][TPPMS]和[BMIM][OAc]间的协同配位效应; 以[BMIM][OAc]作为Heck反应的缚酸剂, 避免了无机盐粘稠物的形成; 生成的副产物[BMIM]Br可以有效溶解钯黑, 避免了钯黑的析出. 该离子液体催化体系对不同底物的Heck偶联反应也表现出良好的普适性.     

有机-无机杂化材料负载的钯催化剂: 一种新型有效而可循环的无铜Sonogashira偶联反应

本文报道了有机-无机杂化材料固载的钯催化的无铜Sonogashira偶联反应。在3-[N,N-双（二苯基膦）氨基）]丙基功能化的硅胶固载的钯催化下,末端炔烃和碘代芳烃、溴代芳烃的偶联反应生成高产率相应的偶联产物。反应条件包括使用乙二醇为溶剂,三乙胺为碱。而且硅胶负载的膦钯催化剂和溶剂乙二醇经简单处理,可循环使用6次不降低活性。     

水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物催化的Sonogashira反应

成功合成了一种磺酸钠基团官能团化的水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物。在无膦、以水作溶剂的反应条件下,这种水溶性卡宾钯金属配合物能高效催化碘代芳烃和端基炔烃的Sonogashira偶联反应,反应结束后,可以通过萃取的方式把催化剂从反应混合物中分离出来,该催化剂可以重复循环使用四次。     

Mesoporous Silica MCM‐41 Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Pd Complex for Heck and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions

Heterocyclic carbene‐Pd complex was anchored onto the mesoporous silica MCM‐41 which exhibits high catalytic activity in Heck reaction under phosphine free reaction conditions for the reaction of iodo/bromoarenes with olefinic compounds such as butyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate and styrene. This catalytic system also showed high activity for Sonogashira coupling reaction of various aryl halides under copper, phosphine and solvent‐free reaction conditions. The air and thermally stable catalyst were reused several times without significant loss of its activity. High efficiency of the catalyst along with its recycling ability and the rather low Pd‐loading demonstrated in both Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions are the merits of the presented catalyst system.     

A copper- and amine-free sonogashira reaction employing aminophosphines as ligands

An efficient Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction was achieved in the absence of a copper salt or amine with an inorganic base and easily prepared, air-stable aminophosphine ligands in commonly used organic solvents; good to excellent yields were obtained. Under optimized reaction conditions, the Sonogashira coupling reaction occurred selectively when an enyne substrate was employed and no Heck reaction product was detected; acetone-masked acetylene and trimethylsilylacetylene can also be efficiently coupled, providing a method to make terminal alkynes.     

Iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction: Heterogeneous palladium and copper‐free Heck and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by a reusable Fe(III) complex

An interesting silica‐supported iron catalyst was successfully prepared and demonstrated as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for cross‐coupling reactions of aryl halides. The as‐prepared nanocatalyst was well characterized and found to be highly efficient in Heck reaction under mild and sustainable conditions (water as solvent at 80 °C in short reaction time). Furthermore, the obtained catalyst was used as an efficient, inexpensive and green heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions of various aryl iodides and provided the corresponding products with moderate to good yields. This phosphine, copper and palladium‐free catalyst was simply recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled five times without substantial decrease in its catalytic activity.     

Di-2-pyridylmethylamine-based palladium complexes as new catalysts for Heck,Suzuki, and Sonogashira reactions in organic and aqueous solvents

A new palladium-dipyridylmethylamine complex is an excellent catalyst for C-C bond-forming processes such as the Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira reactions in organic and aqueous solvents under homogeneous conditions. [reaction: see text]     

Solvent-free Heck and copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by a polystyrene-anchored Pd(II) phenyldithiocarbazate complex

A new polystyrene-anchored Pd(II) phenyldithiocarbazate complex is synthesized and characterized. This Pd-complex behaves as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the Heck coupling and copper-free Sonogashira coupling reactions under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst shows good thermal stability and recyclability.     

Ni催化的碳(sp2)-碳和碳(sp2)-杂交叉偶联反应

综述了Ni催化的碳(sp²)-碳和碳(sp²)-杂交叉偶联反应. 主要反应类型有: Heck反应、Sonogashira反应、Kumada-Corriu反应、Negishi反应、Stille反应、Suzuki反应、Ullmann反应、C—N偶联反应、C—O偶联反应、C—P偶联反应和C—S偶联反应. 详细地介绍了各个反应的底物要求、反应条件、反应选择性和产率. 最后, 我们对Ni催化的反应机理研究也作了总结.     

Pd-Cu bimetallic catalyzed domino cyclization of alpha-allenols followed by a coupling reaction: new sequence leading to functionalized spirolactams

A novel regioselective metal-catalyzed spirocyclization of alpha-allenols-cross coupling (Heck, Sonogashira, and Suzuki) reaction sequence, leading to potentially bioactive spirocyclic lactam derivatives has been developed. Precursors for the tandem spirocyclization-coupling reaction, alpha-allenols 2 a-d were obtained starting from alpha-oxolactams 1 a-c via indium-mediated Barbier-type carbonyl-allenylation reaction in aqueous media by using our previously described methodologies.     

有氧条件下聚(氯乙烯)负载Pd(II)配合物高效催化Heck和无铜Sonogashira反应Mohammad Bakherad,Ali Keivanloo,Shahrzad Samangooei简

A novel poly(vinyl chloride)-supported Pd complex was found to be a highly active catalyst for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions of aryl halides under aerobic conditions. The complex is thermally stable, and can be easily recovered and reused. The catalyst was recycled for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions for five runs without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity, and with negligible metal leaching.     

有氧条件下聚(氯乙烯)负载Pd(Ⅱ)配合物高效催化Heck和无铜Sonogashira反应(英文)

A novel poly(vinyl chloride)-supported Pd complex was found to be a highly active catalyst for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions of aryl halides under aerobic conditions.The complex is thermally stable,and can be easily recovered and reused.The catalyst was recycled for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions for five runs without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity,and with negligible metal leaching.     

Studies on selective β/β′ bromination of π-extended porphyrins and subsequent coupling reactions

Monobromination of β, β′-π-extended porphyrins was found to selectively occur at the β or β′ position of the porphyrins which is antipodal to the fused aromatic ring. Subsequent Sonogashira or Heck coupling of the resultant bromoporphyrin introduced a carboxylphenylethynyl group or an acrylic acid group to the π-extended porphyrin. The optimal reaction conditions were found for the Sonogashira and Heck coupling reaction. All of the coupling products have shown a broadening and red-shift of the Soret band and Q bands in the UV–Vis absorption spectra compared with the π-extended porphyrin starting materials and the original unmodified porphyrins.