离子色谱法测定一元弱酸的离解常数

本文探索了抑制电导离子色谱法测定pK_a<7的一元弱酸的离解常数,对以HCl为标准测定HF、HNO_2的离解常数和以HF为标准测定乳酸、乙酸和甲酸的离解常数及测定方法的主要误差来源进行了讨论。     

HP–FFAP毛细管柱气相色谱法测定空气中溶剂汽油

建立了毛细管柱气相色谱法测定空气中溶剂汽油的新方法。空气样品经采气袋采集,色谱柱为HP–FFAP毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,采用直接进样–气相色谱法测定空气中的溶剂汽油。在实验条件下,测定空气中溶剂汽油(以正己烷计),方法线性范围为0.015~1.0μg/m L,线性相关系数大于0.999,检出限为5×10–3μg/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.5%(n=15),气体标准物质测定结果的相对误差低于10%。该方法准确度较高,操作简便,可用于空气中溶剂汽油的测定。     

钕量法测定高分子和有机化合物中的磷和氟

本文介绍以Nd(NO_3)_3,为氧瓶燃烧吸收剂,以EDTA回滴过量 Nd~3+ 来测定高分子和有机化合物中磷和氟含量。当化合物中同时含有磷和氟时,先加入浓硝酸煮沸浓缩并蒸干除去F~- 测定 PO_4~3-,然后通过测定磷氟总含量求出氟含量。分解和测定均在普通硬质玻璃氧瓶中进行。测定磷的最大误差为±0.20％,除全氟化合物误差为-0.50％外,氟的测定最大误差为±0.30％。     

应用氨电极测定血液样品中含氮药物

1 引言 氨电极已用于含氮物质的测定,然而用于血液样品中含氮药物的测定尚未见报道。 本实验以家兔为实验动物。经胃定量给药。当达到最大血药浓度后,经耳缘静脉采血,血样经处理后,以凯氏法消化,使药物中有机氮转化为铵离子溶于消化液中,加碱使无机铵转变为氨,以氨气敏电极测定。     

三波长分光光度法测定葡萄籽中总黄酮含量

采用三波长分光光度法测定了葡萄籽中的总黄酮含量,方法有效地消除了吸收峰不对称及干扰组分对定量分析造成的影响。该法分别采用芦丁和原花青素两种物质为标准进行测定,以芦丁为标准测定的线性范围为0～10.8μg/mL,回收率为96.7%～110.0%,相对标准偏差小于3.8%;以原花青素为标准测定的线性范围为0～3.0μg/mL,方法的回收率为93.3%～104.0%,相对标准偏差小于2.4%。两种物质作为标准物质对测定结果无显著差异。     

高频燃烧红外分析法测定混凝土中的硫含量

采用高频红外碳硫仪快速测定混凝土中的硫含量.通过试验确定了适宜的分析条件:以水泥标准物质校正仪器,以铁屑、钨粒加锡粒为助熔剂,称样量为0.03～0.2g.用该法对4种混凝土样品进行测定,测定结果与化学法测定结果相吻合,5次测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4%,精密度较为理想.     

应用石墨炉-电感耦合等离子体光谱分析法直接测定生物试样中的痕量元素

本文提出了以石墨炉为蒸发装置,以ICP为激发光源直接测定生物试样中痕量元素的新方法。该法以高纯石墨粉为稀释剂,按一定比例(通常为1:1)与试样混合,采用标准加入法进行测定。方法简便、灵敏、进样效率高,分析前试样无需进行化学处理。方法测定As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se和Zn的检出限达ppm至ppb级,并成功地用于某些生物试样中上述痕量元素的直接测定,分析结果同NBS的参考值相吻合。     

头发锌含量测定的应用价值评价

以114例2－5岁儿童为对象，同时取其末梢血和头发，测定锌含量。以全血锌值为标准，评价头锌测定的应用价值。结果显示，头发锌测定的灵敏度可达86．1％，特异度为52．4％，符合率为73．7％。     

冷原子荧光间接测定蘑菇中硫

本文提出以奥杰试剂还原—汞冷原子荧光法间接测定蘑菇试样中的总硫量、水溶性硫化物和SO_2。在通氧灼烧后以H_2O_2吸收测定试样总硫量;以水为提取剂,用奥杰试剂使水溶性硫化物转化为H_2S,再经标准氯化汞溶液吸收后测定;水提取液中的SO_2则用HCl使其逸出,经奥杰试剂转化为H_2S,用一定体积的氢氧化钠溶液吸收后测定。     

分类消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境土壤中15种金属元素的含量

测定土壤中铍、锌、钼、铊、钛、锑等6种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸为消解体系,采用全自动消解法进行消解;测定土壤中钒、锰、钴、镍、铜、镉、钡、铅、铬等9种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸混合酸为消解体系,采用微波消解法进行消解。以氩为内标元素校正土壤基体的雾化效率及电离效率。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)采用多向观测模式,结合多重谱线拟合技术(MSF)校正光谱干扰,测定环境土壤中上述15种元素的含量,检出限为0.1~3.7 mg·kg~(-1)。按上述方法测定标准样品GSS~(-1)0和GSS~(-1)3,各元素的测定值与认定值吻合,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.15%~2.6%。以吉林市某河岸土壤为实际测定样品,各元素的测定值与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定值一致,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.6%~4.5%。     

Chemiluminescence method for determination of benzoyl peroxide in solution

The chemiluminescence reaction of benzoyl peroxide with triethylamine is used to quantify benzoyl peroxide. The method is rapid with a detection limit for benzoyl peroxide in chloroform of 0.07 μg ml^?1 and a relative standard deviation of 4% at 1 μg ml^?1. The technique is applied to the determination of benzoyl peroxide in pharmaceutical preparations.     

多壁碳纳米管表面过氧化苯甲酰印迹复合材料的制备及固相萃取应用

以过氧化苯甲酰(BOP)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用热聚合法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面制备印迹聚合物(MWNTs-MIPs)。采用红外和热重分析等技术对聚合物结构进行表征。采用液相色谱考察该分子印迹聚合物对过氧化苯甲酰的吸附特性。结果表明该印迹聚合物对过氧化苯甲酰表现出特异性吸附,该印迹聚合物对模板分子存在一种结合位点,其最大表观结合量为56.20 µmol/g。该印迹聚合物成功应用于固相萃取富集面粉中微量过氧化苯甲酰,浓度富集因子为526。     

Comparison of isothermal and non-isothermal chemiluminescence and differential scanning calorimetry experiments with benzoyl peroxide

Difference in the kinetics of chemiluminescence (CL) and differential scanning calorimetry records for decomposition of originally solid benzoyl peroxide continuing as a melt reaction was outlined. While the main portion of heat measured by DSC is released in the spontaneous decomposition of benzoyl peroxide starting as a homolytic scission of peroxidic bonds, the CL light emission in oxygen comes presumably from the subsequent disproportionation reaction of polyphenyl peroxyl radicals and monitors the induced decomposition of peroxide. Thermogravimetry revealed that oxygen remains partially bound to the products of benzoyl peroxide decomposition.     

Catalytic and inhibiting effects of ferrocene on the bulk radical–coordination polymerization of methyl methacrylate from the standpoint of formal kinetics

The kinetic curves and rates of bulk radical–coordination polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by the benzoyl peroxide–ferrocene system at 293–373 K, initial benzoyl peroxide concentrations of 10^–4–10^–1 mol/L, and a constant initial ferrocene concentration of 10^–3 mol/L have been calculated using a mathematical model in which the process is considered from the standpoint of formal kinetics. The calculations have demonstrated that, at low methyl methacrylate conversions, ferrocene catalyzes the process at any benzoyl peroxide concentration; at medium and high methyl methacrylate conversions, deficient amounts of ferrocene with respect to benzoyl catalyze the process as well, while excess ferrocene inhibits the process. The observed effect is explained by the specific ferrocene–benzoyl peroxide interaction, which, depending on the ferrocene: benzoyl peroxide ratio, either increases or decreases the concentration of radicals in the reaction mass.     

柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

利用过氧化苯甲酰能够在氯化血红素的催化下将底物对羟基苯乙酸氧化成具有荧光的二聚体的性质,建立了柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的方法。优化了色谱分离条件和柱后衍生条件,结果表明:催化剂氯化血红素的浓度为8μmol/L,底物对羟基苯乙酸的浓度为80μmol/L,衍生化试剂的pH 10.5,衍生温度为35℃时衍生效率最高。在优化条件下,过氧化苯甲酰的线性范围为0.5～100 mg/L;样品的检出限为1 mg/kg,样品的加标回收率为98.5%～99.5%。本方法与现有的高效液相色谱法相比,检测面粉中过氧化苯甲酰具有抗干扰能力强,灵敏度高。     

胶束毛细管电泳在线吹扫富集技术测定面粉中的增白剂过氧化苯甲酰

建立了测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的一种新方法。面粉用甲醇超声萃取,过滤,直接进样分析。在电泳缓冲液为0.02 mol/L硼砂-硼酸缓冲液（含0.04 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠）(pH 9.0)、紫外检测波长为214 nm、分离电压为10 kV的条件下,富集倍数可达150倍以上,过氧化苯甲酰的质量浓度和其色谱峰高呈良好的线性关系,过氧化苯甲酰的线性 范围为0.002～0.012 g/L(r=0.9998),最低检测限为2 mg/L。将该法用于面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的分析,样品无需繁琐的预处理过程便可直接定量,缩短了分析周期,简单方便,重现性好。     

A novel capillary microliter droplet sample injection-chemiluminescence detector and its application to the determination of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour

A novel capillary microliter order droplet injection-chemiluminescence (CL) system is proposed. In this system, the liquid sample microdrops, automatically formed at the end of a capillary tip by the effect of the gravity and the gas pressure, repeatedly drop into the miniature reaction cell and reacts with CL reagent to generate CL signal. The phenomena of sample zone dilution and spreading are eliminated as the capillary is used as the sample channel and gas pressure is used as driving force without the liquid carrier stream. Therefore, a high sensitivity is obtained. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed method, a determination of benzoyl peroxide (BP) is examined. The system shows that the benzoyl peroxide is detected linearly in the concentration range from 5×10⁻¹⁰ to 1×10⁻⁶ g ml⁻¹. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio=3) is 1.4×10⁻¹⁰ g ml⁻¹ for benzoyl peroxide (mass concentration is 1.1 pg, i.e., 4.5 fmol), which is the best result reported so far. The relative standard deviation (n=11) is 1.5% for 2.0×10⁻⁸ g ml⁻¹ BP. The proposed detector for the detection of benzoyl peroxide offers the advantages of sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, automation and miniaturization. The proposed method has been applied satisfactorily to the determination of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour.     

过氧化苯甲酰的安全性研究

利用分子结构特性对过氧化苯甲酰的分解原理进行了分析，并通过热分析、撞击感度和爆发点试验对其安全性进行了评价，得到相关的安全数据。     

离心沉淀气相色谱法测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的研究

建立了离心沉淀,气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的方法。考察了不同提取时间和采用不同工作曲线对过氧化苯甲酰测定的影响。试样在石油醚中被冰乙酸还原成苯甲酸,经HP-5（30m&#215;0．25mm&#215;0．25μm）毛细管气相色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。方法的线性范围为0．005～0．08g／L（r=0．9992）,检出限（S／N=3）为2mg／kg。在添标水平为0．06、0．18和0．30g／kg时的平均回收率为82．70％～89．46％,相对标准偏差为3．77％～6．93％。该方法仪器设备简单,测定结果灵敏、准确,适合面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的测定。     

Determination of rate constants of benzoyl peroxide and azobisisobutyronitrile dissociation via polymerization kinetics

A linear expression is derived from Tobolsky's equation related to the dead-end polymerization method to determine the rate constant for the initiator dissociation. This novel graphical method applies remarkably well to the kinetic data collected by dilatometry from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide in toluene at 60°C. Results obtained for these two initiators are consistent with those published in the literature. Applicability of the method is confined to at least 5% and at most 13% decomposition of initiator. However, these limiting values are sensitive to the experimental techniques employed. The effects of induced decomposition of benzoyl peroxide and thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate are shown to be negligible in the present investigations.