超声辅助化学还原法制备高活性Co-B非晶态合金催化剂

采用超声辅助KBH4化学还原Co(OH)2胶体法制备了粒径均匀的Co-B非晶态合金.在乙腈液相选择性加氢制取乙胺反应中,与传统化学还原法制备的Co-B非晶态合金催化剂相比,该催化剂具有很高的催化活性.这归因于其Co活性位的高度分散、Co活性位对氢的强吸附,以及Co-B非晶态合金间强电子相互作用.     

Co-B/SBA-15非晶态催化剂应用于肉桂醛选择性加氢的研究

以介孔材料SBA-15作为载体,采用浸渍法制备Co-B/SBA-15非晶态催化剂,该样品仍然保持SBA-15特有的有序规整孔道结构,Co-B非晶态合金颗粒均匀分布在孔道内壁,采用普通SiO2载体制备的Co-B/ SiO2,Co-B颗粒主要分布在外表面.在肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇中,Co-B/SBA-15的催化活性和对肉桂醇的最佳得率显著高于Co-B/SiO2,主要归因于活性位的高分散,规整的孔道结构,以及独特的活性位团簇结构和电子态.     

超细Ni-B非晶态合金催化糠醛液相加氢制备糠醇

报道了超细Ni－B非晶态合金应用于糠醛液相选择加氢制备糠醇，研究发现，Ni－B非晶态合金催化剂对糠醇的选择性接近100％，而且其催化活性显著高于RaneyNi和超细Ni催化剂，进一步的研究表明，对于Ni-B非晶态合金，其在423K以下进行热处理时，未出现明显的晶化；但在高温下，逐渐发生晶化，并导致催化活性和选择性显著下降，在XRD、SEM、XPS和氢吸附等一系列表征的基础上，初步探讨了催化活性与催化剂结构的关系，并考察了高温晶化对催化性能的影响。     

不同介质中化学还原法制备Co-B非晶态合金及其催化糠醛加氢制备糠醇

采用化学还原法在不同介质中制备了5种Co-B非晶态合金催化剂，反应介质包括水、乙醇以及不同乙醇含量的乙醇－水混合溶液，并以液相糠醛加氢制备糠醇为探针反应考察了其催化性能。结果表明，反应介质对Co-B催化剂的非晶态结构以及金属Co-B间的电子相互作用没有显著影响。这可以解释所有制得的Co-B催化剂均具有几乎100%的糠醇选择性和相同的面积比活性的原因，根据活性位性质保持不变可认为其本征活性相同。但是，随着水－乙醇混合反应介质中乙醇含量增加，制得的Co-B催化剂的质量比活性迅速增加。这可以归因于大量氧化态硼物种的存在造成的表面积迅速增加，因为氧化态硼物种可以作为载体对Co-B非晶态合金粒子起到分散作用。     

纳米Co-B非晶态合金对高氯酸铵分解的催化性能

 利用化学还原法制备了纳米 Co-B 非晶态合金,并用透射电镜、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热和N2吸附表面积测试等技术对样品进行了表征. 运用差热分析研究了纳米 Co-B 非晶态合金对高氯酸铵(AP)分解的催化性能. 结果表明,加入 Co-B 非晶态合金后AP的高低温放热峰相连,合并成一个高而大的放热峰,且峰温有很大程度的降低, 这说明纳米 Co-B 非晶态合金对AP热分解有很好的催化活性. 同时, Co-B 非晶态合金能使AP的表观分解热显著增大.     

Ni-P/SiO_2催化剂晶化过程及其加氢活性研究

采用化学还原法制备了负载型Ni－P／SiO2非晶态合金催化剂．应用ICP、BET、氢氧滴定法、XRD、SEM、XPS研究了上述催化剂在高温晶化过程中的表面结构、表面形貌和表面电子态的变化。测定了Ni－P／SiO2非晶态合金晶化前后对其液相苯甲醛加氢反应催化活性和选择性,并讨论了非晶态合金催化剂晶化过程中结构变化对催化性能的影响．     

稀土Th修饰的Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇

采用化学还原法制备了Th修饰的Co-B非晶态合金(Co-Th-B)并应用于液相肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇,Co-Th-B的活性和选择性显著高于非修饰Co-B,其中最佳,Th修饰量为10%,此时肉桂醇得率可达81.4%,且能够多次重复使用.结合系统表征,初步讨论了催化剂的构效关系以及Th对催化性能的促进作用.     

负载型非晶态Co-B催化剂在1-辛烯氢甲酰化中的应用

以醇凝胶-氮气热处理方法制备的ZrO2、碳纳米管(CNTs)及介孔分子筛SBA-15作为载体,采用化学还原法制备了负载型非晶态Co-B催化剂,利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附等温线、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征.以1-辛烯的氢甲酰化为目标反应,考察了负载型非晶态Co-B催化剂在氢甲酰化反应中的性能及循环使用效果.表征结果显示,以NaBH4为还原剂制备的负载型Co-B催化剂上的Co-B为非晶态,负载Co-B组分对载体的晶相结构没有影响.反应结果表明,在1-辛烯的氢甲酰化反应中,负载型非晶态Co-B催化剂都显示较高的初始活性.随着循环次数的增加,三种催化剂的活性下降,但下降幅度有所不同,Co-B/CNTs和Co-B/SBA-15的循环使用稳定性高于Co-B/ZrO2.     

超细Ni-Cu-Co-La的制备及其催化乙腈加氢性能

以水合肼和硼氢化钾为共还原剂制备了四元合金催化剂Ni-Cu-Co-La,并将其应用于乙腈催化加氢反应.采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜和H2程序升温脱附对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂组分对乙腈选择性加氢制乙胺催化性能的影响.结果表明,Cu,Co和La的加入均不同程度地提高了催化剂的活性和选择性,在反应压力1.8 MPa,反应温度120℃,反应时间1 h的条件下,乙腈转化率和乙胺选择性分别为100%和98.24%,优于使用Raney Ni、非晶态Ni-B和Co-B合金催化剂时的结果.     

Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂用于卤代硝基苯液相加氢制卤代苯胺

 用化学还原法制备了Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂,并将其用于4种卤代硝基苯的液相加氢反应. 采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了催化剂的非晶性质. 在373 K下处理2 h后催化剂保持非晶态结构,在773 K下处理2 h后催化剂完全晶化. 讨论了Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂的催化性能与其结构之间的关系,并与其它Ni基催化剂进行了比较. Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性,而且对卤代芳胺的选择性较高,脱卤率小于4%,优于其它Ni基催化剂.     

超细Co-B非晶态合金的制备及其催化乙腈加氢性能

报道了 一种用 于乙腈加 氢的 新 型 复合 型 催化 剂 超细 Ｃｏ Ｂ 非 晶 态合 金（ 粒 径 ６０ ｎ ｍ左右） , 其催 化性能显 著优于 其它 Ｃｏ 基催 化剂． 以此代替 工业用 Ｒａｎｅｙ Ｎｉ , 不 仅可 提高 对乙 胺的选择性 ,而且可 显著减轻 环境污 染． 通 过一系列 表征,讨 论了乙腈 在催化 剂活性位 的吸附 模式及催化加氢 反应机 理,由此对 其催化 性能与催 化剂结 构的关系 进行了说 明．     

Influence of Pore Structure on Catalytic Properties of Mesoporous Silica-supported Co-B Amorphous Alloys in Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol

Co‐B amorphous alloy catalysts supported on three kinds of mesoporous silica (common SiO₂, MCM‐41 and SBA‐15) have been systematically studied focusing on the effect of pore structure on the catalytic properties in liquid‐phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol (CMO). Structural characterization of a series of different catalysts was performed by means of N₂ adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen chemisorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Various characterizations revealed that the pore structure of supports profoundly influenced the particle size, location and dispersion degree of Co‐B amorphous alloys. Co‐B/SBA‐15 was found more active and selective to CMO than either Co‐B/SiO₂ or Co‐B/MCM‐41. The superior catalytic activity could be attributed to the higher active surface area, because most of Co‐B nanoparticles in Co‐B/SBA‐15 were located in the ordered pore channels of SBA‐15 rather than on the external surface as found in Co‐B/SiO₂ and Co‐B/MCM‐41. Meanwhile, the geometrical confinement effect of the ordered mesoporous structure of SBA‐15 was considered to be responsible for the enhanced selectivity to CMO on Co‐B/SBA‐15, inhibiting the further hydrogenation of CMO to hydrocinnamyl alcohol.     

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于硝基苯液相加氢制苯胺

 考察了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂在高压液相硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应中的催化活性和选择性．研究表明,该催化剂不仅具有很高的催化活性,而且对苯胺的选择性较高,优于RaneyNi以及其它Ni基催化剂．晶化导致催化剂失活．载体的存在不仅能提高催化剂的分散度,而且能对非晶态结构起稳定化作用;将催化剂保存在乙醇中可保持其活性不变．结合催化剂的表征,讨论了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂的催化性能与其结构的关系．     

Liquid phase glucose hydrogenation to -glucitol over an ultrafine Ru-B amorphous alloy catalyst

A Ru-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of RuCl₃ with borohydride in aqueous solution, whose amorphous structure was confirmed by XRD, DSC, and SAED. Heating pretreatment resulted in the rapid crystallization and the deep decomposition of the Ru-B amorphous alloy as well as the abrupt decrease in the surface area due to the gathering of small particles at high temperature. XPS spectra revealed that partial electrons transferred from the alloying B to the metallic Ru in the as-prepared Ru-B sample. In comparison with other catalysts, the as-prepared Ru-B amorphous catalyst exhibited excellent activity and perfect selectivity to -glucitol as well as superior lifetime during the liquid phase glucose hydrogenation, showing its potential application in industrial process. The higher activity of the Ru-based catalysts than that of other metal catalysts, such as Co-B and Ni-B amorphous catalysts as well as Raney Ni catalysts, demonstrated that the metallic Ru was more active than both metallic Ni and Co for the glucose hydrogenation. Meanwhile, the Ru-B amorphous catalyst exhibited higher activity than its corresponding crystallized Ru-B and pure Ru powder catalysts, showing the promoting effects of both the amorphous structure and the electronic interaction between the metallic Ru and the alloying B, which was briefly discussed based on the kinetic studies and various characterizations.     

超细Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金加氢反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法并通过ＫＢＨ４还原制备超细Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,以硝基苯加氢生成苯胺为目标反应,考察了上述催化剂的活性和选择性及热稳定性,并与晶态Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２和Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂及非负载型Ｐｄ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂进行了比较。     

Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Co-B Amorphous Catalysts Prepared by Chemical Reduction in Variable Media

Five Co-B amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction in different media, including pure water and pure ethanol as well as the mixture of ethanol and water with variable ethanol content, Their catalytic properties were evaluated using liquid phase furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol as the probe reaction. It was found that the reaction media had no significant influence on either the amorphous structure of the Co-B catalyst or the electronic interaction between metallic Co and alloying B. This could successfully account for the fact that all the as-prepared Co-B catalysts exhibited almost the same selectivity to furfuryl alcohol and the same activity per surface area （ Rs ）, which could be considered as the intrinsic activity, since the nature of active sites remained unchanged. However, the activity per gram of Co （ R^mH ） of the as-prepared Co-B catalysts increased rapidly when the ethanol content in the water-ethanol mixture used as the reaction medium for catalyst preparation increased. This could be attributed to the rapid increase in the surface area possibly owing to the presence of more oxidized boron species which could serve as a support for dispersing the Co-B amorphous alloy particles.     

Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂用于氯代硝基苯液相加氢制氯代苯胺

 用化学还原法制备了 Ni-Co-B 非晶态合金催化剂,并采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、X射线衍射、X射线能谱和差热-热重分析等表征手段研究了催化剂的非晶性质和原子组成等. 将此催化剂用于邻氯硝基苯和 3,4-二氯硝基苯的液相催化加氢反应,结果表明,当Co/(Co+Ni)=0.5 (摩尔比)时, Ni-Co-B 催化剂具有较好的加氢性能和较高的抑制脱卤性能. 在不加脱卤抑制剂的情况下,两种氯代硝基苯的转化率均接近100%, 脱卤率分别为1.12%和0.42%, 优于使用 Ni-B 和 Co-B 非晶态合金催化剂时的结果. 还讨论了将Co引入到 Ni-B 非晶态合金催化剂时对其性能的影响.     

Co-B/γ-Al2O3非晶态催化剂的制备及其催化乳酸乙酯液相加氢性能

采用浸渍-还原法制备了负载型Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃非晶态合金催化剂, 并将其应用于乳酸乙酯液相加氢制备1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PDO)反应中, 研究了其催化加氢性能. 采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)发射光谱仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的性能进行了表征, 考察了制备条件对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, 新鲜的Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有非晶态结构, Co-B均匀地分散在载体γ-Al₂O₃上. 随着Co负载量的增加, 催化剂的热稳定性提高, 催化剂表面Co/B原子比增加. 当金属Co理论负载量为30%(质量分数, w)时, Co-B/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出最高的加氢催化性能, 在160 ℃, 氢气压力为6.0 MPa条件下反应9 h, 乳酸乙酯的转化频率(TOF)为1.41 h^-1, 转化率达到93.63%, 1,2-丙二醇的选择性达到96.10%. 催化剂的加氢性能取决于其分散均匀的Co-B纳米粒子、较高的表面Co/B原子比及Co和B之间的电子转移效应.