光子晶体结构色材料的自组装制备与应用

光子晶体是由不同折射率材料周期性排列而成的结构,由于其独特的光学性质及优异的色彩饱和度,已经成为结构色材料中最重要的类型.过去几十年来,纳米粒子自组装制备光子晶体具有精准、成本低以及易大面积等优势,已经得到了广泛的研究和关注.综述了近期光子晶体结构色材料的研究进展,包括其基本的生色机制,制备方法以及在显示、色度传感和信息防伪加密等方面的实际应用.其中重点讨论了“自下而上”自组装的制备方式,并且强调了图案化和大面积结构色材料的制备方法.最后,对目前自组装制备光子晶体结构色材料所面临的挑战以及未来发展的方向进行了展望.     

光子晶体结构色织物研究进展

针对结构色织物难以产业化的现状,从光学效应和能够产生结构色的周期性结构两个角度系统介绍了结构色织物生色机理。随后,按照结构色织物表面光子晶体结构特征、所用光子晶体基元种类及结构色制备方法,对结构色织物进行了系统分类归纳,并指出了各自的优缺点。此外,现有结构色织物研究均为基于已有纳米粒子尺寸来表征对应结构色颜色,缺乏根据实际颜色需求选取光子晶体尺寸的研究。我们根据现有文献报道的光子晶体基元尺寸与所得结构色织物颜色种类的对应关系,通过计算得到了根据所需织物颜色种类确定光子晶体基元尺寸的公式。最后总结了结构色织物制备存在的问题,并给出了合理建议。     

天门冬氨酸的一种颜色反应

我們知道精氨酸可与α-萘酚及次氧酸鈉(NaCOl)起一个很灵敏的紅色反应(坂口氏反应),用所形成的紅色作此色法測定,可以定量分析精氨酸。在实驗中我們看到天門冬氨酸也可与α-萘酚及次氛酸鏑(NaOCl)起一个很灵敏的顏色反应,所呈的顏色     

自愈合光子晶体弹性体的构筑及其在可视化传感中的应用

光子晶体弹性体是具有类似变色龙皮肤、具有变色性能的光学材料,因其特殊的结构色和变色性能而被应用于可视化传感、智能穿戴设备等领域。然而,如何提高光子晶体弹性体材料的使用性能,同时又避免不同观测角度带来的色彩不一致的问题仍然是该领域的一大挑战。华中科技大学朱锦涛教授、张连斌教授课题组在响应性光子晶体材料方面开展了一系列工作,特别是在自愈合光子晶体弹性体的研究方面取得了重要进展。本文对他们的研究进行了简要的评述。     

TiO2掺杂调控聚苯乙烯微球折射率及胶体光子晶体结构色

胶体光子晶体由于其可调变的结构色在绿色印刷、印染等领域备受关注,而其光子带隙的宽度和位置由光子晶体的晶格参数(晶面间距,通常受胶体微球尺寸影响)和介质的折射率决定。现有人工胶体光子晶体主要基于SiO_2和高分子(如聚苯乙烯(PS)等)微球的组装制备,由于胶体微球材质种类有限,折射率调控受限,因而目前调控胶体光子晶体结构色主要靠改变胶体微球的尺寸来实现。本文首先制备高折射率(2.6)的TiO_2纳米晶,在乳液聚合制备单分散的PS(折射率1.6)微球过程中,将所制备的TiO_2纳米晶掺杂于PS微球中,通过TiO_2的掺杂量有效调控胶体微球的折射率,进而实现胶体光子晶体的结构色调控。以多色胶体光子晶体微球的水溶液为墨水,采用彩色喷墨打印技术打印了电脑设计的光子晶体彩画。本文发展的光子晶体结构色调控新技术拓展了胶体光子晶体的应用。     

PNDC-b-PNTPE自组装制备兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜

设计合成了含有聚集诱导发光四苯乙烯基的大位阻单体四苯乙烯基降冰片烯(NTPE),通过NTPE与含有双癸烷基的树状单体对苯二甲酸癸烷苯酯基降冰片烯(NDC)的顺序开环易位聚合(ROMP)制备具有聚集诱导发光性质的大位阻树状嵌段聚合物(PNDC-b-PNTPE).利用薄膜自组装制备了兼具结构色和荧光色的一维光子晶体薄膜.结果表明,PNDC-b-PNTPE在四氢呋喃(THF)中随着溶剂的挥发而快速自组装成为蓝色的一维光子晶体薄膜,其最大反射波长(λ_max)为443 nm.一维光子晶体薄膜的横截面扫描电子显微镜照片表明,PNDC-bPNTPE组装为周期为133 nm的层状结构.荧光发射光谱分析结果表明,一维光子晶体薄膜在368 nm波长紫外光的激发下能够发射最大波长为425 nm的荧光.该兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜在防伪和显示方面有潜在的应用前景.     

光子晶体生化传感器的构建及应用

光子晶体生化传感分析是基于光子晶体的结构特性将生化信号放大或转换为光电可读信号,并通过仪器或肉眼进行定量或半定量分析的方法。本文围绕着光子晶体生化传感器的材料选择与构建、传感机理、设计及应用三方面进行综述。在材料选择与构建上,本文从单分散胶体颗粒、电磁复合胶体颗粒、纳米线、金属-有机框架等方面进行综述;在传感机理上,本文就光子晶体结构色原理、慢光效应及光电转换机理三方面进行简要总结;在设计及应用上,从光子晶体与光相互作用效果的角度重点论述了可视、荧光增强、拉曼增强、消逝波增强、表面红外吸收增强以及光电信号增强等光子晶体生化传感器的研究现状。最后,对光子晶体生化传感器的研究前景进行了展望。     

水相分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器检测尿液中的痕量吗啡

结合水相分子印迹和光子晶体技术构建了吗啡分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器,并成功用于生物样品中痕量吗啡的筛查.以吗啡为印迹模板,甲基丙烯酸为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸甲酯为交联剂,填充至二氧化硅光子晶体模板孔隙中进行共价型分子印迹聚合,在1％ HF溶液中除去光子晶体模板,并洗脱印迹模板分子,即可得到具有目标分子传感功能的分子印迹光子晶体水凝胶传感器.此传感器在水相环境中对吗啡分子的识别能力良好,可以在不需要标记的情况下,将目标分子的识别转变为衍射峰的位移,该光学信号通过传感器颜色的变化表现出来,吗啡浓度由10 pg/mL增加到1μg/mL过程中,衍射峰最大偏移达到38 nm,并且抗干扰能力强,检出限为0.1 μg/L,响应时间为40 s,可以重复使用.此检测平台不需要对样品进行处理,便可准确、灵敏、快速地检测复杂样品中的目标分析物.     

单光子电离质谱法在线分析牙膏中的香精物质

在无需样品前处理的条件下,建立了直接进样单光子电离飞行时间质谱在线分析牙膏样品中香精物质的方法。本方法采用石英毛细管直接将样品导入质谱仪电离区,优化了电离区气压条件,并利用香精标准品的特征质谱信号对牙膏样品中香精成分进行了快速、准确鉴定,单个样品分析仅需0.5 min。将本方法应用于模拟刷牙过程中挥发性香精的在线、原位监测,考察了水含量对牙膏香精挥发过程的影响。结果表明,直接进样单光子电离飞行时间质谱法能够实时监控刷牙过程中挥发香精的成分与浓度,可以应用于其他样品如食品、化妆品中香精成分的分析。     

基于电驱动在线快速分离富集技术的研究进展

样品前处理能将待测物从复杂基质中预先分离富集出来,以提高分析方法的灵敏度、选择性和准确性,是复杂样品分析的关键步骤。样品前处理是一个非自发的、从无序到有序的熵减过程,不仅费时费力,还极易引起误差。向体系输入能量和降低体系熵值可以增强分离富集效果,加快样品制备过程。将电场引入在线样品前处理,既能向体系做功,又能驱动样品定向迁移,使前处理的熵减过程快速顺利进行,是快速样品制备的有效途径。基于电驱动的在线分离富集技术综合了多种加速策略：（1）以电场形式向体系输入能量,加速传质和传热过程;（2）采用电渗流、电泳等电驱动定向流实现样品在分离、富集、检测各步骤之间的定向迁移,保证样品前处理与检测顺利进行;（3）利用在线联用技术集成样品前处理与分析检测各步骤,从而提高自动化程度,减少人为误差;（4）通过微型化装置或微萃取方法提高样品制备效率,缩短样品制备时间。该文总结了近10年与基于电驱动的在线快速分离富集技术相关的90多篇文献,综述了该技术领域的研究进展,探讨了电驱动毛细管在线快速分离富集技术、电驱动芯片在线快速分离富集技术和电驱动膜萃取在线分离富集技术各自的优势和潜力,并展望了该类技术的发展与应用趋势。     

过程分析化学的提出与进展

文中对过程分析化学(PAC)的应用进行了全面评述,主要包括PAC的一般概念、特征、五个阶段和各种应用技术以及发展前景。     

偶联剂对丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯聚合物接枝率和乳液性能的影响

合成了含双羟基的甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GM)并将其作为偶联剂用于聚丙烯酸酯(PAC)对水基聚氨酯(PU)的改性.采用核磁共振、红外光谱和气相色谱等对GM进行了表征.分别以该双羟基GM和单羟基的丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)与异氰酸酯基(NCO)封端的PU预聚体进行反应以在PU分子链上引入双键,然后再与丙烯酸酯类单体通过自由基聚合制...     

担体对Fe-MnO催化剂CO加氢合成烯烃性能影响的TPSR表征

考察了不同担体担载的Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ催化剂上ＣＯ加氢合成烯烃的反应。结果表明担体直接影响低碳烯烃选择性。通过对催化剂的ＣＯ，ＣＯ／Ｈ２，Ｃ２Ｈ４等吸附的ＴＰＳＲ表征及催化剂表面ＣＯ加氢微观反应的研究，证明以碱性担体为基质的ＰＢＣ催化剂具有强吸附ＣＯ能力，且生成的烯烃不易发生二次反应，因而ＰＢＣ催化剂具有较高的烯烃选择性；以酸性担体为基质的ＰＡＣ催化剂对ＣＯ为弱吸附，对Ｈ２为较强吸附，且烯烃会发生强烈的     

羧甲基羟丙基纤维素溶液流变性质的研究

用旋转粘度计研究了羧甲基羟丙基纤维素(CMHPC)复合醚水溶液在25～80℃温度范围内的热稳定性,以及水溶液和盐溶液的流变性质。借助阿氏(Arrheaius)方程得到的CMHPC粘流活化能介于离子型羧甲基纤维素醚(PAC)和非离子型纤维素醚(HEC)之间。研究发现,CMHPC体系中羧甲基含量较高时流动曲线类似PAC,符合Ostwad-Der Waele幂律模型,而羟丙基含量较高时,流动曲线类似HEC,偏离幂律模型。在CMHPC水溶液中加入小分子电解质时,羧甲基受屏蔽,流变行为主要受羟丙基的影响,曲线将发生偏离。本文还考察了CMHPC溶液的抗盐能力。     

Novel Cellulose Derivatives Containing Metal (Cu,Fe, Ni) Oxide Nanoparticles as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for C-Steel in Acidic Chloride Solutions

Novel environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors based on primary aminated modified cellulose (PAC) containing nano-oxide of some metals (MONPs), for instance iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs), were successfully synthesized. The as-prepared PAC/MONPs nanocomposites were categorized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED) techniques. The data from spectroscopy indicated that successful formation of PAC/MONPs nanocomposites, as well as the TEM images, declared the synthesized PAC/Fe₃O₄NPs, PAC/CuONPs, and PAC/NiONPs with regular distribution with particle size diameters of 10, 23 and 43 nm, respectively. The protection performance of the as-prepared PAC and PAC/MONPs nanocomposites on the corrosion of C-steel in molar HCl was studied by the electrochemical and weight-loss approaches. The outcomes confirmed that the protection power increased with a rise in the [inhibitor]. The protection efficiency reached 88.1, 93.2, 96.1 and 98.6% with 250 ppm of PAC/CuONP, PAC/Fe₃O₄NPs, and PAC/NiONPs, respectively. PAC and all PAC/MONPs nanocomposites worked as mixed-kind inhibitors and their adsorption on the C-steel interface followed the isotherm Langmuir model. The findings were reinforced by FT-IR, FE-SEM and EDX analyses.     

淤浆法碱化试剂选择对PAC分子结构及其泥浆滤失性能影响

采用XRD和显微镜分析技术研究了高浴比淤浆法制备聚阴离子纤维素过程中, NaOH、KOH及其混合碱化体系对纤维素润胀度及结晶度的影响, 借助1H NMR方法分析了产物的取代度及取代基在葡萄糖环基C2、C3和C6位分布的均匀性. 通过泥浆实验研究了产品在高电解质含量中的高温滤失性能. 结果表明, 在相同摩尔浓度条件下, 棉纤维润胀度变化规律是: NaOH/KOH(摩尔比, 9∶1)>NaOH>NaOH/KOH(摩尔比, 1∶1)>NaOH/KOH(摩尔比, 1∶9)>KOH, 结晶度的顺序相反. 1H NMR测试结果表明, 含少量的K+时, 羧甲基在葡萄糖单元环内分布更均匀, 产品具有优良的耐酸、耐盐性和抗高温滤失性能; 当体系KOH成为主要碱化试剂时, 在酸碱介质中出现分层, 抗滤失性能急剧变差.     

A simple route to interpenetrating network hydrogel with high mechanical strength

A simple two-step method was introduced to improve the hydrogel mechanical strength by forming an interpenetrating network (IPN). For this purpose, we synthesized polyacrylate/polyacrylate (PAC/PAC), polyacrylate/polyacrylamide (PAC/PAM), polyacrylamide/polyacrylamide (PAM/PAM) and polyacrylamide/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAM/PVA) IPN hydrogels. The PAC/PAC IPN and PAC/PAM IPN hydrogels showed compressive strength of 70 and 160 kPa, respectively. For the PAM/PAM IPN and PAM/PVA IPN hydrogels, they exhibited excellent tensile strength of 1.2 and 2.8 MPa, and elongations at break of 1750% and 3300%, respectively. A strain relaxation was also observed in the case of PAM series IPN hydrogels. From FTIR, TGA and SEM measurements, we confirmed that physical entanglement, hydrogen bonds and chemical crosslinking played major roles in improving hydrogel strength and toughening. The two-step technique contributes to the understanding of ideal networks, provides a universal strategy for designing high mechanical strength hydrogels, and opening up the biomedical application of hydrogels.     

Membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR) for treating slightly polluted surface water supplies: As compared to membrane bioreactor (MBR)

In this paper, a submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR) was evaluated for drinking water treatment at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 0.5 h. As powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to the bioreactor at 8 mg/L raw water, the MABR achieved much higher removal efficiency for organic matter in the raw water than the parallel-operated membrane bioreactor (MBR). Moreover, the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of MABR developed much lower than that of MBR, demonstrating PAC in MABR could mitigate membrane fouling. It was also identified here that the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in MABR was accomplished through the combination of three unit effects: rejection by ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, biodegradation by microorganism, and adsorption by PAC; the last was of great importance. A sludge layer was observed on the membranes surface in both MABR and MBR and PAC particles themselves constituted a part of the cake layer and helped to intercept DOM in the mixed liquor by adsorption in MABR, especially for organic molecules of 5000–500 Da. The UF membrane together with the sludge layer and PAC layer in the MABR was able to reject hydrophobic bases (HoBs), hydrophobic neutrals, hydrophobic acids (HoAs), weakly hydrophobic acids (WHoAs) and hydrophilic matter (HiM) in the mixed liquor by 40.0%, 43.9%, 71.8%, 56.6% and 35.9%, respectively.     

羧甲基羟丙基纤维素溶液流变性质的研究

用旋转粘度计研究了羧甲基羟丙基纤维素(CMHPC)复合醚水溶液在25-80℃温度范围内的热稳定性,以及水溶液和盐溶液的流变性质.借助阿氏方程得到的CMHPC粘流活化能介于离子型羧甲基纤维素醚(PAC)和非离子型羟乙基纤维素醚(HEC)之间.研究发现,CMHPC体系中羧甲基含量较高时流动曲线类似PAC符合Ostwad-Der Waele幂律模型,而羟丙基含量较高时,流动曲线类似HEC,偏离幂律模型.在CMHPC水溶液中加入小分子电解质时,羧甲基受屏蔽,流变行为主要受羟丙基影响,曲线将发生偏离.本文还考察了CMHPC溶液的抗盐能力.     

Selective Interaction Between Proteins and the Outermost Surface of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Influence of the Polyanion Type,pH and Salt

Protein adsorption was studied by in-situ ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy of consecutively deposited polyelectrolyte multilayer systems terminated either with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) or polyanions, such as poly-(acrylic acid) (PAC), poly(maleic acid-co-propylene) (PMA-P) or poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVS). The influence of the polyanion type, pH and ionic strength was investigated. Negatively charged human serum albumin (HSA) was strongly repelled by multilayers terminated with weak polyanions (PAC, PMA-P), whereas moderate attraction was observed for those terminated with the strong polyanion PVS. Changing the pH from 7.4 to 5 resulted in enhanced HSA adsorption onto PAC-terminated multilayers. An increase in ionic strength diminished the attractive HSA adsorption onto PEI-terminated multilayers. For the PEI/PAC system, the biomedically relevant adsorption of human fibrinogen (FGN) is determined via its isoelectric point in accordance with three other proteins.