广州地区妊娠妇女锌、钙代谢状况调查

调查了31名早孕妇女的头发锌、钙含量,其中锌为(139.0±40.1)×10-6,钙为(1081±478)×10-6;中孕妇女37名,发锌为(142.4±25.2)×10-6,钙为(666.1±143.3)×10-6;而69名晚孕妇女头发锌含量为(140.9±25.0)×10-6,钙含量为(864.7±562.8)×10-6。对照组为非妊娠健康妇女,共41名,头发锌含量为(158.1±61.9)×10-6,钙含量为(1241±546)×10-6。结果显示,三期妊娠妇女的发锌、发钙含量均显著低于正常对照组。     

南海市西樵区幼儿头发中微量元素含量水平研究

研究了南海市西樵区340名幼儿头发中元素含量.结果表明,Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb的含量(×10-6)分别为91.37±23.25、31.94±4.16、11.41±3.13、638.69±125.40、4.18±2.37和13.37±4.09.男女幼儿头发中各元素的含量没有显著性差异.该市幼儿体内有低锌高铅现象.男性幼儿头发中Zn含量与Fe含量呈正相关(相关系数为0.249,P=0.001),与Mn呈负相关(相关系数为-0.155,P＜0.05).女性幼儿头发中Fe含量与Mn含量呈显著的负相关(相关系数为-0.165,P＜0.05).Cu与Mn呈显著的正相关(相关系数为0.181,P＜0.05).     

男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞与锌的研究

为探讨男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞与锌的关系,研究测定了85例男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞和精浆锌的含量.结果提示,不育男性中精液白细胞≥106/mL组与精浆锌之间有显著性差异（P＜0.01）：精浆锌含量与巨噬细胞阳性组差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,说明精液白细胞、巨噬细胞可能对精浆锌的含量有一定的影响.     

幼儿头发中锌与铅含量相关性分析研究

测定了 5 2 0例幼儿头发中锌 (Zn)和铅 (Pb)含量 ,分别为 ( 97 5 4± 2 8 1 9)× 1 0 - 6、( 1 5 2 2± 5 0 2 )× 1 0 - 6。相关分析表明 ,男女幼儿头发中Zn与Pb含量均存在着非常显著的负相关关系 ,P <0 0 0 1。这两种元素含量在男女幼儿之间没有显著差异。     

男性不育患者精浆锌含量的分析

为探讨锌与男性不育患者的关系 ,本文研究测定了 173例男性不育患者精浆锌的含量 ,同时与正常生育男性进行比较。结果显示 ,正常生育男性与不育男性中少精子症、精子活率 <55%、活动力Ⅲ、Ⅳ级 <2 5% ,梗阻性无精子症 ,精液白细胞≥ 10 6 mL之间均有显著性差异。说明锌对男性生育过程起相当重要的作用 ,它在精浆中含量的变化可能是导致男性不育的原因之一。     

补肾调肝法治疗对精液异常患者精液微量元素改变的观察

研究了２６例精液异常患者使用补肾调肝法治疗后其精液锌、铜、铅等元素的改变。２６例患者在治疗后精液质量有明显改善,其中精液中锌含量与治疗前相比有明显提高,治疗前后分别为（２．０６＋１．０９）ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ和（２．４８±１．０５）ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ（Ｐ＜０.０１）,差异具有显著性意义。精液中的铜含量也有所提高。铅含量比治疗前减少,但并不具显著性。     

精索静脉曲张不育患者精液铜, 锌元素的检测

精索静脉曲张是男性中一种常见的疾病，也是造成男性不良的重要病因。本文对２０例精索静脉曲张不育患者精液中铜、锌元素进行了检测，结果表明，患者精液中铜、锌含量与正常对照组无显著差异，精索静脉曲张不育与精液中铜、锌含量无相关性存在。同时提示，通过补锌治疗男性不育不可一概而论。     

补肾调肝方对特发性少弱精症患者精液锌影响的临床观察

临床观察了60例特发性少弱精症患者使用补肾调肝方治疗后精液质量、精液微量元素锌的改变。60例患者精液密度、精液活力在治疗前后分别为(59.40±54.95)×10~6/mL、(85.48±75.58)×10~6/mL(P<0.05);(38.78±28.11)％、(47.10±28.74)％(P<0.05)。治疗前后精液锌含量分别为(1.79±1.20)mmol·L~(-1)、(1.96±1.07)mmol·L~(-1)。经计算,t值等于2.397,大于t_(0.05)(60),即P<0.05,治疗前后锌元素的差异有显著性意义。     

糖尿病人头发中的铬、锰、铁与铜含量水平

采用催化极谱方法分析了 98例 (糖尿病人 47例 ,对照组健康人 5 1例 )头发样品中的微量元素铬 (Cr)、锰 (Mn)、铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn)、硒 (Se)和宏量元素钙 (Ca)、镁 (Mg)含量水平。结果显示 ,糖尿病人头发样品中的Cr( 0 99± 0 75 )× 1 0 - 6 、Mn( 1 3 0± 0 90 )× 1 0 - 6 和Cu( 8 5 0± 1 40 )× 1 0 - 6 分别显著低于对照组头发样品中的Cr( 1 5 5± 0 97)× 1 0 - 6 、Mn( 2 3 0± 1 60 )×1 0 - 6 和Cu( 1 0 40± 2 90 )× 1 0 - 6 ,Cr、Mn、Cu的显著性水平分别为P =0 0 0 1 ,P <0 0 0 1和P <0 0 0 1。而糖尿病人头发样品中的Fe( 1 9 0 0± 9 0 0 )× 1 0 - 6 ,则显著高于对照组头发样品中的Fe( 1 6 0 0± 8 0 0 )× 1 0 - 6 ,其显著性水平P为 0 0 2 3。但糖尿病人与健康人头发样品中的Zn、Se、Ca和Mg含量水平之间的差别并不显著。这些结果与其他一些研究所得的结论基本一致。     

妊娠糖尿病与非妊娠糖尿病患者头发微量元素含量分析

采用高频等离子体发射光谱法测定了妊娠糖尿病患者、非妊娠糖尿病患者以及相应对照组的头发微量元素锌、铁、铜、锰、锶、镁和常量元素钙的含量。56例健康妊娠妇女的发锌含量为（139．9±31.5）×10－6，而11例妊娠糖尿病妇女为（114．3±29．4）×10－6，两者比较差异有显著性，（P＜0．05），其它元素铁、铜、锰、锶、镁和钙不存在显著性差异。而45例非妊娠糖尿病女性与33名健康非妊娠女性的头发微量元素含量比较表明：两者锌含量不存在显著性差异，但糖尿病组铜显著低于健康对照组（P＜0．05），分别为（6．32±2．31）×10－6和（9．05±16．50）×10－6，糖尿病组铁含量（21．5±11．7）×10－6亦显著低于健康对照组（26．9±10．7）×10－6，其余元素无显著性差异。前后两组实验结果表明妊娠糖尿病患者与非妊娠糖尿病患者的微量元素代谢状况并不相同，妊娠糖尿病患者的锌缺乏状态值得引起注意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.