共沉积铝镍氢氧化物的结构及电化学特性

为了改善Ni(OH)2的电化学性质,提高锌镍电池的充放电性能,用化学共沉淀法合成了混合铝镍氢氧化物Ni/Al(OH)x.用XRD和FTIR表征了Ni/Al(OH)x样品的晶体结构及IR光谱特征;测试了用Ni/Al(OH)x为正极活性物质的Zn/Ni实验电池的充放电性能.研究结果表明:所合成的Ni/Al(OH)x具有α-Ni(OH)2的晶体结构;Ni/Al(OH)x活性物质在充放电过程中主要为γ/α循环,以Ni/Al(OH)x作为正极活性物质的Zn/Ni试验电池具有优良的循环性能,其最高放电比容量为379mA·h/g.     

掺杂Al的α-Ni(OH)2的电化学性能

电极;掺杂Al的α-Ni(OH)2的电化学性能     

络合沉淀法制备Al取代α-Ni(OH)_2 的正交实验研究

通过正交实验研究了影响由络合沉淀法制备的Al取代α_Ni(OH) 2 电化学性能的几个主要因素 .其最佳的合成条件为 :氨水浓度 0 .5mol·L- 1,Al取代含量 15mol% ,pH =11.0 ,在最佳合成条件下制备的样品的最大放电比容量为 30 4mAh·g- 1     

α-Ni(OH)_2的研究进展

本文综述了-αNi(OH)2在碱液中稳定存在的影响因素,对保持Ni(OH)2的alpha型结构所需条件及解决措施做了阐述;介绍了国内外-αNi(OH)2电极的最新研究进展,着重叙述了Al3+、Mn3+和Zn2+替代Ni2+的-αNi(OH)2的制备、稳定性和电化学性能以及尿素热分解制备的-αNi(OH)2的特性;展望了纳米级α-Ni(OH)2的研究及应用前景。     

溶剂热法制备球状Ni3S4及其在超级电容器的应用

应用溶剂热法合成Ni3S4微米球,采用XRD和SEM表征样品物相结构、观察其微观形貌.电化学性能测试表明Ni3S4电极有较好的比电容性能,0.5和4 A.g-1放电电流密度下,其比容量分别为1120.6和433.4 F.g-1;1000周循环充放电后,其容量保持率为89.37%和84.88%.XRD、XPS和CV测试结果表明,其电化学反应机理为Ni(OH)2与NiOOH的相互转化.     

电化学混合电容器用新型β-Ni(OH)2/CNTs纳米复合物

采用水热合成法制备出一种新型β-Ni(OH)2/碳纳米管(CNTs)纳米复合物,Ni(OH)2微晶粒径控制在50～80 nm之间,与CNTs直径相当,CNTs与Ni(OH)2质量比为1:15.将纳米复合物应用于活性炭(AC)/NiOOH电化学混合电容器,电化学测试表明:在0.4 A/g电流条件下,其放电比容量达279 mAh/g,是β-Ni(OH)2理论容量的96.5%;当电流密度从0.4 A/g增加至8 A/g时,电容器的容量保持率在76.5%以上,高倍率充放电特性优异.此外,纳米复合物良好的电化学可逆性使AC/NiOOH电化学混合电容器更易活化,并具有较高的充放电效率和良好的循环稳定性能.     

氢氧化镍/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的溶剂热法制备及电容性能

采用溶剂热法制备了氢氧化镍/多壁碳纳米管[Ni(OH)2/MWCNTs]复合纳米材料;借助X射线衍射仪和透射电镜分析了产物的结构和形貌,利用循环伏安测试测定了复合材料的电容特性.结果表明:片状β-Ni(OH)2较好地附着在MWCNTs上;复合样品的循环伏安行为明显有别于空白样品Ni(OH)2,峰电流较高.这表明引入MWCNTs可改善Ni(OH)2的电化学性能.与此同时,当MWCNTs的质量分数为10%时,相应的Ni(OH)2/MWCNTs复合物的氧化还原峰电位差最小,循环可逆性最佳.     

α-Ni(OH)2的研究进展

本文综述了α-Ni(OH)2在碱液中稳定存在的影响因素,对保持Ni(OH)2的alpha型结构所需条件及解决措施做了阐述;介绍了国内外α-Ni(OH)2电极的最新研究进展,着重叙述了Al3 、Mn3 和Zn2 替代Ni2 的α-Ni(OH)2的制备、稳定性和电化学性能以及尿素热分解制备的α-Ni(OH)2的特性;展望了纳米级α-Ni(OH)2的研究及应用前景.     

Al、Zn掺杂γ-NiOOH的制备、结构与电化学性能

目前镍基碱性二次电池正极活性物质广泛采用的β-Ni(OH)2存在比容量偏低、不能或不适合与单质锌直11接搭配制作一次或二次锌镍电池等缺点[1],因此,合成充电态高比容量的NiOOH具有重要意义.Al、Zn等掺杂改性的α-Ni(OH)2在强碱性电解质中稳定,充放电可逆性好,质量比容量可达400mAh/g以上[2～4],如果直接合成其氧化态物质γ-NiOOH,有望获得较好的电性能,从而为镍基碱性电池提供一种新型的正极活性材料.     

电化学混合电容器用新型β-Ni(OH)2/CNTs纳米复合物

采用水热合成法制备出一种新型β-Ni(OH)₂/碳纳米管(CNTs)纳米复合物, Ni(OH)₂微晶粒径控制在50～80 nm之间, 与CNTs直径相当, CNTs与Ni(OH)₂质量比为1∶15. 将纳米复合物应用于活性炭(AC)/NiOOH电化学混合电容器, 电化学测试表明: 在0.4 A/g电流条件下, 其放电比容量达279 mAh/g, 是β-Ni(OH)₂理论容量的96.5%; 当电流密度从0.4 A/g增加至8 A/g时, 电容器的容量保持率在76.5%以上, 高倍率充放电特性优异. 此外, 纳米复合物良好的电化学可逆性使AC/NiOOH电化学混合电容器更易活化, 并具有较高的充放电效率和良好的循环稳定性能.     

Application of simple,fast and eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted-cloud point extraction for pre-concentration of zinc,nickel and cobalt from foods and vegetables prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations

In this study, a simple, fast and eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted-cloud point extraction method for extraction and pre-concentration of zinc, nickel and cobalt from vegetables and foods prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was proposed. Ultrasound energy was used to shorten extraction time and reduce steps needed or to improve selectivity. The method is based on complex formation of metal ions with carmine in presence of cationic surfactant at pH 5.0, and then extraction of their hydrophobic complexes into the micellar phase of Igepal CO-630 as extractant. After optimisation, calibration curves for Zn, Co and Ni were linear in the range of 2–120, 2–220 and 2–180 μg kg^?1, respectively. Limits of detection, which is described as ratio of 3×standard deviation of 12 replicate measurements of blank analysis to slope of calibration curves, were 0.5, 0.6 and 0.6 μg kg^?1 for Zn, Ni and Co, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs%, n: 5) for 25 μg kg^?1 of each analyte were less than 3.1%. The recovery rate was higher than 94% with a lower RSD than 3.1% for five replicate measurements of 25 μg kg^?1 of each analyte. The accuracy was verified using two different standard reference materials (SRM 1570a-Trace elements in spinach leaves and SRM 1548a-Typical diet), and the results were in good agreement with the certified values. The method was applied to the determinations of Zn, Ni and Co in vegetables and foods by FAAS.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide on Poly(m‐toluidine)‐Nickel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in Alkaline Medium

The poly(m‐toluidine) film was prepared by using the repeated potential cycling technique in an acidic solution at the surface of carbon paste electrode. Then transition metal ions of Ni(II) were incorporated to the polymer by immersion of the modified electrode in a 0.2 M NiSO₄, also the electrochemical characterization of this modified electrode exhibits stable redox behavior of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple. The electrocatalytic ability of Ni(II)/poly(m‐toluidine)/modified carbon paste electrode (Ni/PMT/MCPE) was demonstrated by electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods in the alkaline solution. The effects of scan rate and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the anodic peak height of hydrogen peroxide oxidation were also investigated. The catalytic oxidation peak current showed two linear ranges with different slopes dependent on the hydrogen peroxide concentration and the lower detection limit was 6.5 μM (S/N=3). The catalytic reaction rate constant, (k_h), was calculated 5.5×10² M^?1 s^?1 by the data of chronoamperometry. This modified electrode has many advantages such as simple preparation procedure, good reproducibility and high catalytic activity toward the hydrogen peroxide oxidation. This method was also applied as a simple method for routine control and can be employed directly without any pretreatment or separation for analysis cosmetics products.     

新型镍催化体系合成Cis-1,4聚丁二烯的研究

本文研究了以加氢汽油为溶剂的Ni(Naph)_2-Al(i-Bu)_2OR-BP_3·OEt_2及Ni(NaPh)_2-Al(i-Bu)_2OAr-BF3·OEt_2两体系对丁二烯的催化聚合活性、聚合物分子量、微观结构等。各种Al(i-Bu)_2OR或Al(i-Bu)_2OAr为助催化剂组成的新型镍催化体系对丁二烯聚合都有较高的催化活性,所得聚合物Cis-1,4含量在96％以上。磁化率和紫外可见光谱研究证明,在Al(i-Bu)_2OR体系中以Ni(Ⅰ)为主及小量未还原的Ni(Ⅱ);Al(i-Bu)_2OAr中Ni(Ⅰ)及Ni(O)共存。     

新型高比能镍氢电池正极材料的表征及检测技术

讨论了影响高比能镍氢电池正极材料氢氧化镍性能的因素。确定了化学组成、密度、粒径大小及粒度分布、比表面积和组织形态等适合于表征镍氢电池正极材料氢氧化镍的参数。研究并提出这些表征参数的分析检测方法。解决了镍氢电池正极材料行业的材料标准混乱、不统一的问题，推动了行业技术进步。     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FORMAL Ni(III) AND Cu(III) COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF THE NEW 1,2-DITHIOLENE, 1,4-BUTANEDIYLDITHIOETHYLENE-1,2-DITHIOLATE

Abstract

The new 1,2-dithiolene, 1,4-butanediyldithioethylene-1,2-dithiolate, has been isolated. In addition, new monoanionic bis-complexes with nickel and copper have been prepared and isolated. The formal Ni(III) complex crystallizes in the orthorombic space group, P_bca, with a = 9.762(9), b = 12.53(2), and c = 23.166(3) Å, with 4 molecules in the unit cell. The structure was refined to an R = 9.01% (R_w = 8.95%). The formal Cu(III) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, C_2/c, with a = 25.567(6), b = 8.011(3), c = 14.504(3) Å, and β = 106.17(2)° with 4 molecules in the unit cell. The structure refined to R = 4.2% with R _w = 4.3%. Comparisons to similar 1,2-dithiolenes suggest this ligand produces only modest structural and electronic differences when compared to the 1,3-propanediyldithioethylene-1,2-dithiolate complexes. The oxidation (to a neutral complex) and reduction (to a dianion) for the Ni(III) and Cu(III) complexes show large differences from those of maleonitriledithiolate. Other physical data are presented as well.     

磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性相结构的影响

采用程序升温还原（TPR）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征手段对共浸渍法制备的不同磷含量NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行了表征,研究了磷含量对NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂活性相结构的影响。TPR研究表明,磷能够减少四面体配位Mo物种的数量,增加八面体配位Mo物种的数量,促进高活性Ⅱ型"Ni-Mo-S"活性相的形成。HRTEM研究表明,随磷含量的增加,MoS₂颗粒堆积层数增加,催化剂的加氢选择性提高;适量磷能够增加边角位有效Mo原子的分散度(fMo),增加催化剂表面加氢脱硫（HDS）和加氢脱氮（HDN）活性位的数量。上述结论得到了XPS表征的证实：适量磷增加了催化剂表面Mo原子浓度、提高有效助剂比率（PR）和提升比率（Ni/Mo）,相应催化剂表现出最高的HDS和HDN活性;但过高磷含量能够引起MoS₂颗粒过度堆积,片层长度过长,导致活性位数量减少,催化活性降低。     

Stabilization of Cu/Ni Alloy Nanoparticles with Graphdiyne Enabling Efficient CO2 Reduction

Electrocatalysis has become an attractive strategy for the artificial reduction of CO2 to high-value chemicals.However,the design and development of highly selective and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts that convert CO2 to CO are still a challenge.As a new type of two-dimensional carbon material,graphdiyne(GDY),is rarely used to explore the application in carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO2RR).Therefore,we tried to use GDY as a substrate to stabilize the copper-nickel alloy nanoparticles(NPs)to synthesize Cu/Ni@GDY.Cu/Ni@GDY requires an overpotential(-0.61 V)to 10 mA/cm2 for the formation of CO,and it shows better activity than Au and Ag,achieving a higher Faraday efficiency of about 95.2％and high stability of about 26 h at an overpotential(-0.70 V).The electronic interaction between GDY substrate and Cu/Ni alloy NPs and the large specific surface area of GDY is responsible for the high performance.     

TPR AND CTPR STUDIES ON Ni/Al_2O_3 CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE TO SYNGAS

lntroductionTheconversi0nofnaturalgast0syngasviQtheCatalyticPartialOxidaion(CPO)ofCH4(Eq.l)lledlethibitsthepotentiaIt0replaceconventionalsteamreforming(Eq.2),withasubstalialreductioninplantsizc.Thisproccssisnotcncrg}intensivc.andalso}'ieldss}.nthesisgasx`.ithH2/COmolarratioof2.O.x`hichissuitabIcforman}'chcmicalproccsscs-suchasthcproductionofmethanoIovcrCu/Zn0catal}'st(Eq.3)andFischcr-Tropschs}nthcsisovcrCo'CucataI}'sts(Eq.4).CO 2H2-CH30H(3)nCO 2nH2-C,,H(2,, l) nH2O(4)Atprcscnt-…     

Competition of copper and/or calcium in nickel–pectin interaction by potentiometric and voltammetric techniques

The interaction between nickel and pectin extracted from citrus fruit was studied in 0.10 M KNO₃, at pH 5.5 and 25 °C. Differential pulse and/or square wave polarography were used to determine free nickel. For a high coverage degree (θ) of the pectin by the metal ion a good fitting was observed between experimental results and the model that includes both complex species, ML and ML₂ (M for the metal ion and L for the ligand). In the ML₂ species, Ni(II) interacts with two carboxylate groups of different chains, resulting in an inter-chain association. For low θ values, the formation of ML₂ is hindered due to the repulsion between the negative charges of carboxylic groups in two independent segments of pectin. The influence of calcium or copper ions on the free nickel concentration, in the presence of pectin, may lead to a decrease in free nickel concentration, contrary to what would be expected from direct competition between Ca(II) or Cu(II) and Ni(II) for the pectin binding sites. This is due to the partial neutralisation of the negative carboxylic charges by the positive charges of the divalent cations, which favours NiL₂ formation through the association of independent chains.