CO…CO+ 体系相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

在三种密度泛函方法(B3LYP、B3P86及B3PW91)和两种适宜基组(6-311+G*及aug-cc-PVDZ)水平上,对CO…CO+耦合体系可能存在的相互作用复合物进行了全自由度能量梯度优化,发现势能面上存在三个能量极小点,进而作了振动频率分析加以确认.其中结构A、 B为共平面型结构, C为非共面型结构. 比较了它们之间的相对稳定性,并对其进行了轨道成键分析,计算了各原子之间的键级,同时探讨了最稳定结构A的正则振动模式. 通过消除基函数引起的基组叠加误差(BSSE)和零点振动能(ZPVE)的校正,精确求算出复合物结构A、 B和C的相互作用能△E分别为252.47、 126.70和127.12 kJ/mol, 表明CO和CO+之间存在较强的相互作用.     

Acceleration of the reaction OH + CO → H + CO2 by vibrational excitation of OH

The collision complex formed from a vibrationally excited reactant undergoes redissociation to the reactant, intramolecular vibrational relaxation (randomization of vibrational energy), or chemical reaction to the products. If attractive interaction between the reactants is large, efficient vibrational relaxation in the complex prevents redissociation to the reactants with the initial vibrational energy, and the complex decomposes to the reactants with low vibrational energy or converts to the products. In this paper, we have studied the branching ratios between the intramolecular vibrational relaxation and chemical reaction of an adduct HO(v)-CO formed from OH(X(2)Π(i)) in different vibrational levels v = 0-4 and CO. OH(v = 0-4) generated in a gaseous mixture of O(3)/H(2)/CO/He irradiated at 266 nm was detected with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) via the A(2)Σ(+)-X(2)Π(i) transition, and H atoms were probed by the two-photon excited LIF technique. From the kinetic analysis of the time-resolved LIF intensities of OH(v) and H, we have found that the intramolecular vibrational relaxation is mainly governed by a single quantum change, HO(v)-CO → HO(v-1)-CO, followed by redissociation to OH(v-1) and CO. With the vibrational quantum number v, chemical process from the adduct to H + CO(2) is accelerated, and vibrational relaxation is decelerated. The countertrend is elucidated by the competition between chemical reaction and vibrational relaxation in the adduct HOCO.     

HNCO+OH-→NH2+CO2反应理论研究

用从头算UHF/6-31G基组研究了异氰酸和羟基生成氨基和二氧化碳即HNCO+OH→NH2+CO2的反应机理.优化得到了反应途径上的过渡态和中间体,并通过振动分析对过渡态和中间体进行了确认.在UMP4/6-31G水平上计算了它们的能量,同时对零点能进行了较正.计算结果表明:此反应是多步反应,先后通过3个过渡态(TS1,TS2,TS3),2个内旋转位垒(PSI,TSII),4个中间体(IM1,IM2,IM3,IM4),其中,IM3→TS2这一步为整个反应的决速步骤,速控步的活化能为202.388lJ/mol.与异氰酸和羟基作用的另一反应通道(即HNCO+OH→H2O+NCO)的活化能(69.038kJ/mol)比较,可看出所研究反应通道为次要反应通道,这与实验结果是一致的.     

Ca+催化的N2O+CO反应机理的理论研究

采用B3LYP/cc-pVTZ理论水平系统研究了Ca+离子催化N2O+CO→N2+CO2反应的微观机理.反应分两步进行:第一步Ca+夺取N2O中的O原子有两条反应通道,其中优势通道为Ca+金属离子与N2O分子中O作用,形成线性分子复合物,活化N2O分子中的N-O键,之后的反应路径为O-N键断裂机理;第二步为CaO+金属...     

H+HNCO→NH2+CO的反应机理及动态学计算

用从头算方法研究了H+HNCO→NH2+CO的反应机理: 首先经过H2NCO中间体,并为反应的控制步骤。在此基础上, 计算了控制步骤的反应途径, 沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数。结果表明, 反应存在返回效应和隧道效应, 反应途径的曲率对隧道效应影响较大, 用变分过渡态方法和小曲率近似方法分别进行校正是有效的。     

Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of(CH_3)_3CO+CO

The global environment pollution includes pho-tochemical smog, acid rain and stratospheric ozonedepletion. The short-lived species/radicals in atmos-phere are closely related to these phenomena. Theshort-lived species/radicals bring the photochemicalsmog,…     

Quasi-classical trajectory study of the H + CO2 → HO + CO reaction on a new ab initio based potential energy surface

A detailed quasi-classical trajectory study of the H + CO(2) → HO + CO reaction is reported on an accurate potential energy surface based on ab initio data. The influence of the vibrational and rotational excitations of CO(2) was investigated up to the collision energy of 2.35 eV. It was found that the total reaction integral cross section increases monotonically with the collision energy, consistent with experimental results. The excitation of the CO(2) bending vibration enhances the reaction, while the excitation in its asymmetric stretching vibration inhibits the reaction. The calculated thermal rate constants are in excellent agreement with experiment. At the state-to-state level, the rotational state distributions of the HO product are in good agreement with experimental results, while those for the CO product are much hotter than measurements. The calculated differential cross sections are dominated by forward scattering, suggesting that the lifetime of the HOCO intermediate may not be sufficiently long to render the reaction completely statistical.     

F+CH2CO的反应机理和动力学研究

用G3(MP2)方法对F与CH₂CO的反应进行研究,揭示了该反应的加成-消除机理.F原子首先与CH₂CO作用形成富能的中间体CH₂FCO^*,此加成反应为无势垒过程.富能的CH₂FCO^*可进一步发生解离或异构化反应生成各种可能的产物.其中CO和CH₂F可能为反应的主要产物.根据从头算的结果,用RRKM-TST理论计算该反应的速率常数.总包反应速率常数与温度存在弱的依赖关系,与总压力无关.     

三效催化剂作用下的NO+CO催化反应机理

NO与CO在Pt/Rh/Pd及载体组成的三效催化剂上的氧化还原应用是控制汽车尾气对空气污染的一个关键反应，这一反应随着近年来对环境保护的日益重视而成为国内外研究的热点，本文主要综述了NO及CO在Pt,Rh,Pd上的吸附及反应机理的实验及理论研究现状，总结得出：在三效催化剂对NO CO的催化反应中，Pt,Pd对CO的催化氧化起主要作用，而Rh对NO的解离有很好的活化作用。     

Quasi-classical trajectory study of the HO + CO → H + CO2 reaction on a new ab initio based potential energy surface

We report extensive quasi-classical trajectory calculations of the HO + CO → H + CO(2) reaction on a newly developed potential energy surface based on a large number of UCCSD(T)-F12/AVTZ calculations. This complex-forming reaction is known for its unusual kinetics and dynamics because of its unique potential energy surface, which is dominated by the HOCO wells flanked by an entrance channel bottleneck and a transition state leading to the H + CO(2) products. It was found that the thermal rate coefficients are in reasonably good agreement with known experimental data in both low and high pressure limits. Excitation of the OH vibration is shown to enhance reactivity, due apparently to its promoting effect over the transition state between the HOCO intermediate and the H + CO(2) product. On the other hand, neither CO vibrational excitation nor rotational excitation in either CO or OH has a significant effect on reactivity, in agreement with experiment. However, significant discrepancies have been found between theory and the available molecular beam experiments. For example, the calculated translational energy distribution of the products substantially underestimates the experiment. In addition, the forward bias in the differential cross section observed in the experiment was not reproduced theoretically. While the origin of the discrepancies is still not clear, it is argued that a quantum mechanical treatment of the dynamics might be needed.     

CO+H_2合成低碳醇的毛细管色谱分析

CO+H_2合成低碳醇是由煤制取液体燃料和化工原料的主要途径之一。随催化剂不同,可以合成以甲醇和异丁醇为主,用作汽油掺合剂的低碳燃料醇,也可得到以正构醇为主,用以生产化工原料用的醇类的低碳化学醇。这两种合成醇中异构体多,水份多,因此用填充柱分离,常有一定困难。1987年徐淑英用OV-101毛细管柱对     

HNCO→(HV)NH+CO势能面研究

用从头算方法, 在UHF/6-311G**和CIS/6-311G**水平上, 分别考察了异氰酸光解反应在基态(S0)、第一激发三态(T1)和第一激发单态(S1)势 能面上的解离曲线. 并找到了S1/T1, T1/S0, S1/S0势能面的交叉点, 给出了极小能量交叉点的特征, 在此基础上根据梯度最速下降原理确定了态-态跃迁后交叉点构型在低能态势能面的变化及归宿. 计算结果表明光解反应存在三条竞争反应途径, 从动力学观点看, 途径A对反应最为有利.     

High pressure phase equilibrium for δ-tocopherol + CO2

Vapour–liquid equilibrium compositions were measured for mixtures of δ-tocopherol and carbon dioxide, at pressures from 9 up to 27 MPa, and four temperatures between 306 and 333 K. The system exhibits liquid–liquid equilibrium at high pressures, similarly to previous results for mixtures of α-tocopherol with carbon dioxide. The results were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state, using the Panagiotopoulos–Reid combination rules.Comparison of the solubilities of δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol in supercritical carbon dioxide was performed using Chrastil’s equation to correlate the data. The number of solvent CO₂ molecules per solute molecule was calculated in both cases. An enthalpy of solvation per mole of CO₂ of −10 kJ mol⁻¹ was obtained.     

(H_2+CO+CH_4+Air)多元爆炸性混合气体爆炸形态与波形的区划

对H2,CO,CH4多元体系支链爆炸的爆炸特性与形态进行了系统的研究.探索了浓度爆炸极限、爆炸形态与波形及其影响因素;测定了爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等爆炸特性参数;根据爆炸形态与波形的不同,提出了爆炸形态与波形的新区划理念,在爆炸极限内,可进一步区划为上下限冷焰区、上下限爆燃区、爆轰区、下爆燃向爆轰转化区等6个爆炸形态区,并探讨了不同爆炸形态压力波的发展机制,对进一步研究相关的多元支链爆炸体系,促进多元支链爆炸理论的发展,具有一定的理论价值.实验测得的爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等特性参数,与引进‘关键组分'的概念,对预防混合气体支链爆炸事故的发生,指导防爆电气设备与阻火器设计,修订相关工业的安全指标,指导支链燃烧与支链爆炸的实践,具有积极的现实意义.     

Communication: state-to-state quantum dynamics study of the OH + CO → H + CO2 reaction in full dimensions (J = 0)

A full dimensional state-to-state quantum dynamics study is carried out for the prototypical complex-formation OH + CO → H + CO(2) reaction in the ground rovibrational initial state on the Lakin-Troya-Schatz-Harding potential energy surface by using the reactant-product decoupling method. With three heavy atoms and deep wells on the reaction path, the reaction represents a huge challenge for accurate quantum dynamics study. This state-to-state calculation is the first such a study on a four-atom reaction other than the H(2) + OH ? H(2)O + H and its isotope analogies. The product CO(2) vibrational and rotational state distributions, and product energy partitioning information are presented for ground initial rovibrational state with the total angular momentum J = 0.     

U+与CO2气相反应的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,U原子用含相对论有效原子实势(ECP)校正的基组(SDD),C、O原子采用6-311+G(d)基组,对气相中U+和CO2的反应进行了理论研究.通过研究二重和四重自旋态的反应势能面(PESs),优化得到了两条反应路径的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的结构.用"两态反应"(TSR)分析反应机理,结果表明体系的优先选择路径为高自旋态进入和低自旋态离开反应,发生在四重态和二重态的自旋多重度的改变使得整个反应系统能以一个低能反应途径进行.     

在Pd/Y分子筛上CO+H_2反应

用离子交换方法制备了一系列Pd/MY分子筛催化剂(M=Li,Na,K,Cs,Cu,Zn)。在静态循环装置中考察了这些催化剂对CO+H_2反应的活性和选择性。在pH_2=40kPa,pCO=20kPa 和180℃的条件下,CO+H_2反应的主要产物为甲醇和二甲醚。碱金属离子促进甲醇的生成,而酸中心有助于产物甲醇的脱水反应。     

CO+H2合成产物中混合醇的色谱分析

在CO_(?) H_(?)催化合成的液相产物中,不仅含有烃和水,还有混合醇及其它含氧化合物。产物分布复杂,对其中的混合醇分析比较困难。文献报道了在柱porapak P上对正构醇分析的情况。本文选用GDX-103柱,峰高法内标工作曲线。对合成产物中低碳混合醇含量进行了测定,结果表明,此方法可以使低碳醇很好分离,数据处理简便,具有一定的可靠性。     

气相中W+活化CO2分解的自旋禁阻反应机理

用密度泛函理论中的UB3LYP方法, 对W采用相对论校正赝势基组(SDD), 对C、O采用6-311+G(3d)基组, 研究了气相中不同自旋态W+活化CO2分解的反应机理. 计算结果表明, W+活化CO2分解反应以六重态进入反应通道, 经过六重态势能面到四重态势能面的系间窜越(ISC),最后产物WO+和CO以四重态离开反应通道. 运用Harvey方法优化出最低能量交叉点(MECP), 并计算了MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)常数(494.95 cm-1), 势能面的交叉和在MECP处较强的自旋-轨道耦合作用降低了自旋禁阻反应能垒, 为反应提供了一条低能反应路径, 反应总放热量为122.33 kJ·mol-1.     

A MODEL POTENTIAL FOR CHEMISORPTION:CO+Ni(100)

A model LEPS potential has been applied to describe the interac-tion of carbon monoxide with the Ni(100)crystal face.The binding energiescomputed from the potential function agree with the trend of previous theo-retical calculations and experimental results,with the hollow site most stable,the bridge site intermediate and the on-top position least stable.The twiatomicadsorption is also possible,which is metastable.