离子液体体系中离子型锰卟啉对苯乙烯的催化氧化

以单氧给体乙酰碘苯[PhI(OAc)2]为氧源, 在无需轴向配体和有机溶剂的参与下, 离子型锰卟啉[MnⅢ(BF4)T(N-Me-4-Py)P][BF4]4和离子液体 [BMIM]BF4组成的多元离子液体体系, 在温和的反应条件下对苯乙烯的催化氧化表现出较高的活性(87%)和环氧苯乙烷选择性(90％), 并且有较好的底物普适性. 构筑的锰卟啉多元离子液体体系可以一定程度上抑制卟啉聚合和氧化降解等反应.     

Salen Mn（Ⅲ）配合物的合成及其在离子液体中对苯乙烯环氧化反应的催化性能

合成了在5,5’位上分别含羟基叔胺基和酯基叔胺基取代基的新型手性水杨醛Schiff碱的Salen Mn（Ⅲ）配合物1～4．在CH2Cl2／H2O反应体系中,以吡啶氮氧化物（PyNO）为助催化剂,NaCl0为氧化剂,考察了配合物1—4对苯乙烯环氧化的催化性能．以氯化-双[3-（叔丁基）-5-（N,N-二（乙醇基）氨基亚甲基）水杨醛]缩（1r,2R）-二苯基乙二胺[N,N’,O,O’]锰（Ⅲ）2和氯化-双[3-（叔丁基）-5-（N,N-二（乙酰乙酯基）氨基亚甲基）水杨醛]缩（1R,2R）-二苯基乙二胺[N,N’,O,O’]锰（11I）4为例,研究了不同的离子液体[BMIM]PF6和[BMIM]BF4对苯乙烯环氧化反应的影响．结果显示,两种离子液体的加入均能使催化剂循环使用,在离子液体[BMIM]PF。中,配合物2和4催化得到的环氧化物ee％值分别为53．2％和55．8％,且催化剂可以重复使用四次,效果好于在离子液体[BMIM]BF4中对苯乙烯的催化的影响．     

离子液体中芳烃侧链分子氧催化氧化反应研究

分别以离子液体[Hex-mim]BF4, [Bmim]BF4, [Bmim]PF6和[Omim]BF4为溶剂, Co(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ)或Ni(Ⅱ)/NHPI(AIBN)为复合催化剂, 考察了不同离子液体-催化剂体系中常压分子氧氧化芳烃侧链烷基的反应. 在[Hex-mim]BF4中, Co(Ⅱ)或Mn(Ⅱ)/NHPI可有效地催化芳烃侧链烷基的分子氧氧化. 在优化条件下, 乙苯、正丙苯和正丁苯分别以高达90%, 94%和93%的收率得到相应的芳香酮; 甲苯和对位取代甲苯以32%~47%的收率被氧化为相应的芳香酸. 离子液体及金属催化剂体系在减压下除水后, 可循环使用.     

呋喃类化合物在离子液体和硅胶负载离子液体中的Diels-Alder反应

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐作为离子液体阳离子,与3种不同阴离子BF4、PF6、Tf2N组成性质不同的3种离子液体,催化呋喃类和丁炔二羧酸酯之间发生Diels-Alder反应,合成了一系列化合物,研究了离子液体的催化效果.研究结果表明,呋喃类化合物的极性越低, Diels-Alder反应的活性越高.在含硫的呋喃类化合物的反应中,当以[Bmim]PF6作离子液体时,Diels-Alder反应产率可达53%.当[Bmim]PF6离子液体被吸附在硅胶表面上时,Diels-Alder的反应产率有所提高.     

离子液体中β-葡萄糖苷酶生物催化合成红景天甙

比较了聚乙二醇修饰的β-葡萄糖苷酶在三种离子液体([bmim]PF6,[bmim]BF4,[bmim]Tf2N)及两种常用有机溶剂(1,4-二氧六环、正己烷)中的催化性能,确定了适宜的反应介质;考察了底物浓度、温度、体系含水量和反应时间等因素对β-葡萄糖苷酶催化合成红景天甙反应的影响.结果表明,在最佳反应介质[bmim...     

Bronsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp] [Hmim] ),HSO4-,H2PO4-和BF4-为阴离子的一系列Br(o)Pnsted酸性离子液体.考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性.以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果,结果表明.不分水时,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃下回流反应2 h,酯收率可达93.6%,反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相,[Hnhp]BF4则不能;分水时,[Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相,当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01,120℃下回流反应1.5 h时,酯收率可达96.8%,比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高.这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能.实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响,结果表明,离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响.此外,在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2,100℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性,测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低;除了[Hnhp]BF4,离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4,[Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势.所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高.[Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8g/(m2·h).     

反相高效液相色谱法测定离子液体及其中的高沸点有机物

建立了反相键合相液相色谱分析离子液体咪唑类离子液体[bmim]PF6[、bmim]BF4、吡啶类离子液体[bupy]BF4的纯度及其中高沸点有机物的方法.以缓冲溶液控制流动相pH值,显著改善了峰形.保留时间定性,外标法定量.     

Brönsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应研究

合成了以2-吡咯烷酮和N-甲基咪唑为阳离子([Hnhp]＋和[Hmim]＋), , 和 为阴离子的一系列Brönsted酸性离子液体. 考察了这些离子液体的热稳定性和酸性. 以乙酸和异戊醇酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应考察了不同离子液体分别在不分水与分水条件下的催化效果, 结果表明, 不分水时, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]HSO4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃下回流反应2 h, 酯收率可达93.6%, 反应结束后[Hnhp]HSO4体系可以顺利分相, [Hnhp]BF4则不能; 分水时, [Hnhp]BF4可与酯自动分相, 当醇/酸/[Hnhp]BF4物质的量比为1.2∶1∶0.01, 120 ℃下回流反应1.5 h时, 酯收率可达96.8%, 比相同条件下[Hnhp]HSO4的略高. 这两种体系中的离子液体均具有良好的重复使用性能. 实验中还探讨了不同离子液体的酸性和催化酯化反应后与酯产物的分相效果对其催化活性的影响, 结果表明, 离子液体的酸性和与酯的不可混溶性对其在不同体系中酯化反应的催化活性有不同程度的影响. 此外, 在上述不分水酯化条件(醇∶酸∶催化剂物质的量比均为1.2∶1∶0.2, 100 ℃油浴)下回流浸渍6 h比较离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4, [Hmim]HSO4/BF4和硫酸对奥氏体316不锈钢的腐蚀性, 测得离子液体腐蚀率比硫酸低; 除了[Hnhp]BF4, 离子液体[Hnhp]HSO4, [Hmim]HSO4和[Hmim]BF4的腐蚀性呈现随酸性递减而下降的趋势. 所测离子液体中[Hnhp]BF4腐蚀性最高. [Hnhp]BF4和硫酸中试样的腐蚀率分别为20.1和41.8 g/(m2•h).     

呋喃类化合物在离子液体和硅胶负载离子液体中的Diels-Alder反应研

以1-丁基3-甲基咪唑盐作为离子液体阳离子,与三种不同阴离子BF4、PF6、Tf2N组成性质不同的三种离子液体,催化呋喃类和丁炔二羧酸酯之间发生的Diels-Alder反应,合成了一系列化合物,研究了离子液体的催化效果。研究表明,呋喃类化合物的极性越低, Diels-Alder 反应的活性越高。在含硫的呋喃类化合物的反应中,当以 [Bmim]PF6 作为离子液体时,Diels-Alder 反应的产率可达到53%。另外,当 [Bmim]PF6 离子液体被吸附在硅胶表面上时,Diels-Alder的反应产率有所提高。     

The physicochemical properties of some imidazolium-based ionic liquids and their binary mixtures

The density, viscosity and conductivity of ionic liquids (ILs), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF4]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([omim][Cl]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([hmim] BF4]), 1-hexyl- 3-methylimidazolium chloride ([hmim][Cl]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([hmim][PF6]), and the [omim][BF4] + [omim][Cl], [hmim][BF4] + [hmim][Cl], and [hmim][PF6] + [hmim][Cl] binary mixtures were studied at dif- ferent temperatures. It was demonstrated that the densities of both the neat ILs and their mixtures varied linearly with temper- ature. The density sensitivity of a binary mixture is between those of the two components. The excess molar volumes (VE) of [hmim][BF4] + [hmim][Cl] and [hmim][PF6] + [hmim][Cl] mixtures are positive in the whole composition range. For [omim][BF4] + [omim][Cl], the VE is also positive in the [omim][Cl]-rich region, but is negative in the [omim][BF4]-rich re- gion. The viscosity or conductivity of a mixture is in the intermediate of those of the two neat ILs. For all the neat ILs and the binary mixtures studied, the order of conductivity is opposite to that of the viscosity. The Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equations can be used to fit the viscosity and conductivity of all the neat ILs and the binary mixtures. The neat ILs and their mixtures obey the Fractional Walden Rule very well, and the values of the Walden slopes are all smaller than unit, indicating obvious ion associations in the neat ILs and the binary mixtures.     

Synthesis and formation mechanism of nanoneedles and nanorods of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve using an ionic liquid

Single-crystalline cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) nanoneedles and nanorods were prepared by a solution-phase approach in the presence of an ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). [BMIM]BF4 can act as a cosolvent, structure-directing agent, and reducing reagent in the reaction system. Based on the redox reaction of MnCl2 and KMnO4 in the mixed solvents of water and [BMIM]BF4, the formation of OMS-2 nanoneedles followed the rolling mechanism with lamellae as an intermediate. However, the direct reaction of KMnO4 with [BMIM]BF4 resulted in the formation of OMS-2 nanorods with diameters as small as 3-6 nm. The formation mechanism of OMS-2 nanostructures was discussed.     

Efficient Lewis acid ionic liquid-catalyzed synthesis of the key intermediate of coenzyme Q10 under microwave irradiation

An efficient synthesis of a valuable intermediate of coenzyme Q(10) by microwave-assisted Lewis acidic ionic liquid (IL)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation is reported. The acidity of six [Etpy]BF(4)-based ionic liquids was characterized by means of the FT-IR technique using acetonitrile as a molecular probe. The catalytic activities of these ionic liquids were correlated with their Lewis acidity. With increasing Lewis acid strength of the ionic liquids, their catalytic activity in the Friedel-Crafts reaction increased, except for [Etpy]BF(4)-AlCl(3). The effects of the reaction system, the molar fraction of Lewis acid in the Lewis acid ILs and heating techniques were also investigated. Among the six Lewis acid ionic liquids tested [Etpy]BF(4)-ZnCl(2) showed the best catalytic activity, with a yield of 89% after a very short reaction time (150 seconds). This procedure has the advantages of higher efficiency, better reusability of ILs, energy conservation and eco-friendliness. The method has practical value for preparation of CoQ(10) on an industrial scale.     

离子液体中卤素交换氟化合成七氟醚

在离子液体作为反应介质的条件下,以六氟异丙基氯甲基醚的氟代反应合成了七氟醚。 探讨了氟代反应机理,考察了[bpy]BF4、[bmim]BF4、[bepy]BF4、[bmim]PF6对反应产率的影响,研究了氟化剂、水和温度对反应产率的影响。 结果表明,以[bepy]BF4为反应介质,高比表面积的KF和微量的水有利于固态KF的部分离解进入有机相形成高活性的F-从而减少副产物,收率达到94.6%。 离子液体可重复使用3次以上,其活性没有明显下降。     

Synthesis and characterization of Pt0 nanoparticles in imidazolium ionic liquids

The controlled decomposition of Pt2(dba)3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) dispersed in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4) and hexafluorophosphate (BMI.PF6) ionic liquids in the presence of cyclohexene by molecular hydrogen produces Pt0 nanoparticles. The formation of these nanoparticles follows the two-step [A --> B, A + B --> 2B (k1, k2)] autocatalytic mechanism. The catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene is influenced by the nature of the anion rather than the mean-diameter of the nanoparticles. Thus, higher catalytic activity was obtained with Pt0 dispersed in BMI.BF4 containing the less coordinating anion although these nanoparticles possess a larger mean diameter (3.4 nm) than those obtained in BMI.PF6 (2.3 nm). Similar mean diameter values were estimated from in situ XRD and SAXS. XPS analyses clearly show the interactions of the ionic liquid with the metal surface demonstrating the formation of an ionic liquid protective layer surrounding the platinum nanoparticles. SAXS analysis indicated the formation of a semi-organized ionic liquid layer surrounding the metal particles with an extended molecular length of around 2.8 nm in BMI.BF4 and 3.3 nm in BMI.PF6.     

Ru-[bmim]BF4 的制备及催化苯选择加氢反应性能

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim]BF4)-水混合溶剂为介质,采用化学还原法制备了Ru-[bmim]BF4催化剂,并利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、透射电镜、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ru在[bmim]BF4中分散较好,粒径~2nm,且离子液体中咪唑阳离子与部分Ru形成了金属卡宾配合物.利用苯选择加氢反应对该催化剂性能进行了评价,发现Ru-卡宾配合物存在时,催化剂活性较低,但环己烯选择性较高.在本文反应条件下,苯转化率为12.2%,环己烯选择性为40.5%.重复使用该催化剂时,由于Ru-卡宾配合物在反应中转变为Ru0,其催化活性增加,但环己烯选择性下降.继续多次使用该催化剂,其性能基本保持稳定.     

室温离子液体对氨基苯磺酸的萃取性能

系统研究了[C₄mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][BF₄]和[C₈mim][BF₄]室温离子液体对间氨基苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸稀水溶液的萃取平衡. 实验结果表明: 萃取温度和相体积比的变化对分配比影响不大; 水相pH值对萃取平衡有较大的影响, 氨基苯磺酸在离子液体/水体系中的分配比在pH＝4.2时达到最大值; 水相中CaCl₂或Na₂SO₄的存在能较大幅度地提高氨基苯磺酸的分配比; 离子液体的阴离子的性质对分配比有显著的影响, 阴离子为[BF₄]^－的离子液体对氨基苯磺酸的萃取能力大于阴离子为[PF₆]^－的离子液体; 咪唑环上烷基链的长度也对萃取效果有一定的影响. 在所研究的离子液体中, [C₆mim][BF₄]和[C₈mim][BF₄]对氨基苯磺酸有较好的萃取性能, 且萃取相中的氨基苯磺酸可回收利用, 离子液体也可循环使用.     

Metal catalysed Michael additions in ionic liquids

The ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was used as innovative solvent for a recyclable catalytic system active in metal promoted Michael additions employing Ni(acac)2 as catalyst.     

Suzuki Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Cyclopalladated Complexes of Tertiary Arylamines in Ionic Liquid

Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of phenylboronic acid with aryl halides catalyzed by cyclopalladated complexes of tertiary arylamines immobilized in ionic liquid [Bmim]^＋BF4^- was reported. The catalytic system proved to be efficient and be reused at least 3 times without significant loss of activity.