溴代烷烃与活性氮的反应发光研究

在流动余辉装置上, 利用N₂空心阴极放电制备活性氮, 研究了活性氮与溴代烷烃(CHBr₃、CH₂Br₂、C₂H₅Br、C₄H₉Br) 反应的化学发光.上述所有反应中, 在550～750 nm波段均观察到了较强的NBr (b¹Σ+→X³Σ^-)跃迁发射谱. 同时在活性氮与CHBr₃和CH₂Br₂的反应中, 在流动管下游还观察到了CN (A²π, B²π→X²Σ⁺)的发射谱. 验证性的实验表明, 激发态NBr (b¹Σ⁺)是由二步过程形成: N(⁴S)与溴代烷烃反应生成NBr (X³Σ^-), 再通过N₂ (A ³Σ_u⁺)分子能量转移到激发态NBr (b¹Σ⁺); 而激发态的CN是通过N(⁴S) + CBr→CN(A, B) + Br过程形成的.     

不同温度下VUV光激发的Pr3+离子的发光性质

The luminescent properties of Pr³⁺-doped LaB₃O₆, SrAl₁₂O₁₉, SrB₄O₇ and NaYF₄ in the vaccum ultraviol-et (VUV) range at different temperatures were investigated under the excitation of high-energetic synchrotron radiation. For Pr³⁺ ions in LaB₃O₆, SrAl₁₂O₁₉ and SrB₄O₇, only the parity-forbidden ¹S₀→4f² transitions were observ-ed in the emission spectra at relatively low temperature; but the parity-allowed 4f5d→4f² transitions appeared simultaneously when the temperature was high enough. And the intensity of broad 4f5d→4f² emission increased relative to the intensity of ¹S₀→4f² emissions with increasing temperature. Then the thermal equilibrium model of energy levels was employed to the lowest 4f5d state and ¹S₀ state of Pr³⁺ in the three hosts. The calculated curves were in good agreement with the experimental values, indicating the occurrence of the thermal excitation from ¹S₀ state to 4f5d states at high temperatures when the lowest 4f5d state lies higher than ¹S₀ state and the photon energy is high enough.     

新半金属Fe2LaO4磁电性能的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势法设计并优化了含稀土元素的新半金属Fe₂LaO₄。详细计算了其电荷分布,分子磁矩等磁电性能，并结合配位场理论分析了其电子结构。结果表明，Fe₂LaO₄是一种含稀土元素的铁磁性的新ⅡB型半金属；它的稳定相晶格常数约为0.623 nm，分子磁矩约为1.0μ_B；Fe₂LaO₄属软铁磁性半金属；La较多的外层电子增强了Fe₂LaO₄内部的库仑斥力,导致了配合物ML₄和ML₆均受强场作用,从而使Fe₂LaO₄具有软铁磁性；考虑自旋分布后ML₄和ML₆的电子结构分别为a_1g¹↑a_1g¹↓t_1u³↑t_1u³↓e_g²↑e_g²↓t_2g³↑t_2g³↓和a_1g¹↑a_1g¹↓t_1u³↑t_1u³↓t_2g³↑t_2g³↓e_g²↑e_g²↓e_g^*1↑,这些电子属于分子轨道。     

白光LED用Sr0.955Al2Si2-xTixO8：Eu2+荧光粉的晶体结构和光谱特性

由高温固相反应制得Sr_0.955Al₂Si_2-xTi_xO₈：Eu²⁺（x=0~1.0）系列试样,研究了Ti⁴⁺置换Si⁴⁺对其晶体结构和光谱特性的影响。Ti⁴⁺以类质同相替代Si⁴⁺进入晶体晶格中,形成了连续固溶体,其晶胞参数a,b,c,β和晶胞体积V随Ti⁴⁺置换量呈线性递增。Ti⁴⁺置换Si⁴⁺对晶胞参数c的影响显著,b其次,a最小。荧光激发谱为宽带,位于230~400nm,由267nm、305nm、350nm和375nm 4个峰拟合成,表观峰值位于351nm;随着Ti⁴⁺置换量的增加,半高宽（FWHM）从105nm减小到93nm。发射光谱位于380~600nm,表观峰值位于407nm,可由406nm和441nm两峰拟合而成并且随Ti⁴⁺置换量增加线性红移,Ti⁴⁺进入晶格对长波长发射中心影响较少;Ti⁴⁺置换量为1.0时,表观发射峰位从407nm红移至417nm;利用试样荧光光谱和VanUitert经验公式,得出SrAl₂Si₂O₈：Eu²⁺中Sr²⁺的配位数为9。随着Ti⁴⁺置换量Si⁴⁺进入基质晶格,造成Eu-O距离变小,使得Eu²⁺所处的晶体场强度增强,发光中心Eu²⁺的5d能级分裂增大,造成Eu²⁺最低发射能级重心下移,两拟合谱峰峰位均呈线性红移。     

VB2n-(n=8~12)团簇几何结构、电子及热力学特性的理论研究

基于卡里普索结构预测程序和密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,搜索确定了VB_2n^-（n=8~12）团簇的基态和亚稳态结构。结果发现,V原子的掺杂完全改变了原硼团簇的结构并提高了原体系的稳定性。掺杂体系基态结构分别呈现高对称性的鼓状（VB₁₆^-：C_2v）、管状（VB₁₈^-：C_2v和VB₂₀^-：C_s）及笼状（VB₂₂^-：C₂和VB₂₄^-：D_3h）结构。基于基态结构,研究了体系的电荷转移和极化率,拟合出了光电子能谱、红外和拉曼谱图,分析了流变键和芳香特性。最后,研究了体系的热力学特性,讨论了温度对热力学参数的影响。     

Ni-Co双金属催化剂上沼气重整制氢机理

用传统湿式浸渍法制备了La₂O₃掺杂的商业γ-Al₂O₃负载的沼气重整催化剂Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃, 并用程序升温加氢(TPH)、程序升温氧化(TPO)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)及脉冲实验对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 沼气重整过程中Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的表面碳物种主要来源于CH₄的裂解, CO₂的贡献很小. CH₄裂解能够产生三种活性不同的碳物种, 即C_α、C_β与C_γ. 随着反应的进行, C_α物种减小而C_β与C_γ物种增加, 且C_γ物种能够转变为惰性的石墨碳. 重整反应过程中CH₄与CO₂的活化能相互促进. 催化剂表面的O物种与C反应生成CO或与CH_x反应生成CH_xO再分解为CO与吸附态的H物种, 可能是Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上沼气重整的速率控制步骤.     

(Zn1-xMnx)C2O4·2H2O在空气中的热分解动力学研究

用热分析（TG-DTG/DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）技术和透射电镜（TEM）研究了固态物质Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O在空气中热分解的过程。热分析结果表明，Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O在空气中分两步分解，其失重率与理论计算失重率相吻合。 XRD和TEM结果表明，Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O分解的最终产物为Zn_1-xMn_xO,其颗粒大小约为10-13 nm。在非等温条件下对Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O的热分解动力学进行了分析。用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求取了分解过程的活化能E，并用多元线性回归给出了可能的机理函数。Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O两步热分解的活化能分别为155.7513 kJ/mol 和215.9397 kJ/mol。     

Tm3+/Er3+/Ho3+共掺SiO2-Bi2O3-AlF3-BaF2玻璃发光性能

采用高温熔融法制备了Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐50SiO₂-40Bi₂O₃-5AlF₃-5BaF₂玻璃。研究了在808 nm激光器（Laser Diode）激发下Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐在2 060 nm处的发光性能,同时测试及分析了该铋硅酸盐玻璃的差热特性、吸收光谱及荧光光谱。根据吸收光谱以及Judd-Oflet理论,计算了Ho³⁺的Judd-Oflet强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）以及Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺相应的吸收截面。铋硅酸盐玻璃中,Tm₂O₃、Er₂O₃和Ho2O3掺杂浓度分别为0.75%、1.0%和0.5%时,2 060 nm处Ho³⁺∶⁵I₇→⁵I₈发射峰强度达到最大。对Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺ 3种离子的光谱性质和离子间可能存在的能量传递也做了分析。Ho³⁺在1 953 nm处的最大吸收截面σ_abs为9.08×10^-21 cm²,在2 060 nm处的最大发射截面σem为11.68×10^-21 cm²,辐射寿命τ_mea为2.75 ms,具有良好的增益效应σ_emτ（3.212×10^-20 cm^-2·ms）。     

Eu3+离子在Ca2PbO4一维结构基质中的发光研究

A Eu³⁺-doped Ca₂PbO₄ with one-dimensional structure was prepared with a solid-state reaction method and its characteristics were investigated. The XRD results show that the substitution of Ca²⁺ by Eu³⁺ has no influence on the structure of Ca₂PbO₄. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light， the Ca₂PbO₄:Eu³⁺ phosphor exhibits strong red emission at about 618 nm which is assigned to the ⁵D₀- ⁷F₂ electric-dipole transition. The compounds Sr₂CeO₄ and Ca₂SnO₄ have the same crystal symmetry as that of Ca₂PbO₄ and it is found that the emission intensity of Ca₂PbO₄∶Eu³⁺ is higher than that of Sr₂CeO₄∶Eu³⁺ and lower than that of Ca₂SnO₄∶Eu³⁺. The excitation spectrum of Ca₂PbO₄∶Eu³⁺ appears to be a broad band with two peaks at about 289 nm and 340 nm. The former peak is attributed to the Eu³⁺-O₂- charge transfer transition， while the latter one may be related to the absorption of Ca₂PbO₄ host or its crystal defects.     

双钙钛矿型Ca2Gd1-xTaO6：xTb3+绿色荧光粉的合成与荧光性质

通过高温固相法合成了双钙钛矿型Ca₂Gd_1-xTaO₆：xTb³⁺（CGTO：xTb³⁺）绿色荧光粉。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、荧光光谱、荧光衰减曲线、量子效率（η）测试分别表征了CGTO： xTb³⁺荧光粉的物相、形貌和荧光性质。在紫外光激发下,CGTO： xTb³⁺荧光粉实现了较强的绿光发射,绿光为Tb³⁺离子的⁵D₄-⁷F₅跃迁。通过变温发射光谱研究发现CGTO：0.15Tb³⁺荧光粉的热猝灭活化能为0.181 9 eV。在255 nm的激发下,最佳Tb³⁺掺杂浓度的CGTO：0.15Tb³⁺荧光粉的量子效率为32.32%。     

淀粉糖苷表面活性剂的吸湿保湿性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉为糖源,利用转糖苷法合成淀粉糖苷表面活性剂,用重量法测定其吸湿性和保湿性,并与甘油、山梨醇、聚乙二醇、木糖醇、烷基多苷进行比较。结果表明,在30℃,相对湿度43%和相对湿度81%环境条件下,制得的淀粉糖苷表面活性剂的保湿性优于对比试样,72h后保湿率均在70%以上;其吸湿性仅次于甘油,72h后吸湿率达到50%。     

N-琥珀酰壳聚糖的合成和性能研究

通过控制反应时间，制备了一系列取代度不同的N-琥珀酰壳聚糖。测定了产物的取代度、特性粘数、吸湿与保湿性，并用IR进行了结构表征。结果表明：壳聚糖在C2位上引入了琥珀酰基后可溶于水，其吸湿性与保湿性随取代度的增加而增强，且优于壳聚糖和透明质酸。     

羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的制备及其吸湿、保湿性能

抑菌活性;羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的制备及其吸湿、保湿性能     

High resolution 13C-NMR spectroscopy of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose

Results of NMR studies on intact sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) are presented. Similar studies in the literature are all on partially depolymerized SCMC. The degree of substitution and the relative distribution of substituents at OH-2, OH-3, and OH-6 of anhydro D -glucose residue in intact SCMC were determined by high resolution ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy (125 MHz). It is observed that the degree of substitution at OH-6 is almost equal to that at OH-3. In two SCMC samples, which are widely different in molecular weight and degree of substitution (ds), the relative reactivity order of the hydroxyl groups was found to be OH-2 > OH-6 ? OH-3. The NMR assignments were based on calculated shifts of carbons of anhydroglucose moiety in an oligosaccharide due to substitution.     

不同分子量聚L-乳酸的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用DSC方法研究了不同分子量聚乳酸在不同降温速率下的结晶过程,利用Ozawa方程和Kissinger方程研究了其非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,随着降温速率的增大和分子量增加,结晶峰向低温偏移,且峰形趋于平缓。求得分子量为2.6×104的聚乳酸的Ozawa指数m接近3,以异相成核的三维球晶生长为主,而分子量为14.3×104和19.2×104的聚乳酸的Ozawa指数m接近4,以均相成核的三维球晶生长为主,结晶活化能分别为-165.8kJ/mol、-82.1kJ/mol和-75.4kJ/mol。建立的"铰链"模型解释了不同分子量聚乳酸结晶活化能的显著差异,得到了聚乳酸分子量与结晶活化能的关系。     

Structure–property correlations of sulfonated polyimides. II. Effect of substituent groups on membrane properties

A series of sulfonated polyimides with increasing alkyl substituents in the o‐position to diamine were synthesized from 4,4′‐methylene dianiline, 4,4′‐diamine‐3,3′‐dimethyl‐diphenylmethane, and 4,4′‐diamine‐3,5,3′,5′‐tetraethyl‐diphenylmethane using 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by chemical imidization method. 4,4′‐Diaminobiphenyl 2,2′‐disulfonic acid was used as sulfonated diamine. The variation in the membrane properties with increase in substitution was analyzed. Solubility increased with substitution whereas the thermal stability decreased with increase in substitution. Ion exchange capacity and water uptake reduced with increase in substitution because of the low sulfonic acid content at a particular weight due to the increased molecular weight of the repeating unit. The conductivity of the substituted diamines was higher than the unsubstituted diamines at higher temperature regardless of low ion exchange capacity and water uptake. The increase in conductivity with increase in temperature was more rapid in polyimides than in Nafion®115. Hydrolytic stability of the polyimides with substitution is more than the unsubstituted diamines. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3621–3630, 2004     

Hyaluronic acid vinyl esters: A toolbox toward controlling mechanical properties of hydrogels for 3D microfabrication

In this study, a thorough exploration of constitutional parameters of thiol-ene photocrosslinkable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid vinyl ester was conducted in order to decipher their impact on material properties. These constitutional parameters originated from the process of synthesis (macromer size and degree of substitution) and from the process of formulation (photoinitiator concentration, macromer content, and thiol-to-ene ratio). Various macromers were obtained with a broad variety of degrees of substitution. Photorheology measurements were performed in order to determine the influence of the structure parameters on photoreactivity and the physical properties of hydrogels. Final crosslink densities and photoreactivities dramatically increase with increasing number of functional groups, macromer concentrations as well as with photoinitiator concentration. Swellabilities of the hydrogels were determined as complementary reference values. Mass swelling ratios as well as mass loss increased with decreasing degree of substitution as a result of increased mesh size and hydrophilicity. Finally, hyaluronic acid vinyl ester formulations were used to encapsulate fluorescent-labeled immortalized human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3D via UV and by high-resolution two-photon polymerization. Cell-survival was successfully studied via confocal laser scanning microscopy during the course of 2 weeks.     

Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Novel Quaternized Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Drug Loading Capacity

A modified approach to prepare novel amphipathic octadecyl-quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QACMC) was reported, in which carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), prepared from chitosan, was made to react with glycidyl octadecyl dimethylammonium chloride; thus, the octadecyl quaternary ammonium group was introduced into CMC. The structure and thermal properties of these derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystalline properties of QACMC were perfect, and it had a high degree of crystallinity. All the chitosan derivatives had good thermal stability when the temperature was lower than 200 °C. The moisture-absorption and retention abilities of QACMC were lower than that of hyaluronic acid (HA) and CMC. The carboxymethyl and quaternary ammonium groups did not show a synergistic effect, and the effects of both the molar mass and the hydrophobic side chains of long alkyl moieties were important. Minocycline hydrochloride was successfully incorporated into QACMC polymeric micelles with a remarkably high efficiency (10.9%, mass fraction). QACMC promises to be a high-potential delivery vector for lipophilic drugs.     

新型载药壳聚糖季铵盐的合成、结构与性能

通过羧甲基壳聚糖接枝二甲基十八烷基环氧丙基氯化铵, 制备了一系列不同取代度和分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖十八烷基季铵盐(QACMC). 用傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、X射线衍射(XRD)谱、差式扫描量热法(DSC)等对其分子结构、结晶和热性能进行研究, 同时研究QACMC的吸湿保湿性能, 并与透明质酸(HA)、壳聚糖(chitosan)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)进行比较. 结果表明, QACMC具有较好的结晶性和热稳定性, 结晶度可达72.3%; 其吸湿保湿性低于透明质酸(HA)和羧甲基壳聚糖, 而受季铵基团取代度和QACMC分子量的影响, 羧酸盐和季铵盐两种亲水基团对QACMC吸湿性的影响不具有协同作用; QACMC对亲脂性药物盐酸米诺环素的载药率可达10.9%(质量分数), 远高于壳聚糖和羧甲基壳聚糖.     

Effect of hyaluronic acid encapsulation in a silica hydrogel matrix on drug penetration through the skin

It has been found that the encapsulation of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in a biologically relevant silica hydrogel matrix provides its accelerated penetration into the skin compared to free acid. The developed hybrid hydrogels, in which high molecular weight hyaluronic acid retains its pronounced anti-inflammatory properties and strong hydrating effect, can become the basis for new, more effective soft formlations for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, as well as for products used in the beauty industry. It has been shown that the penetration of hyaluronic acid from the hybrid hydrogels depends on the conditions of their synthesis, the average molecular weight and the loading of the acid.