含镓、锡的铝合金在碱性溶液中的阳极行为

铝的电极电位负,为一1．66V（VS．SHE）,电化当量高（298Ah／g）是一种理想的阳板材料．但是由于铝在空气和水中表面形成一层致密的氧化膜,使其在中性溶液中处于钝化状态．而在酸性或碱性溶液中铝表面氧化膜就会被溶解破坏,与水直接反应,腐蚀中途难以中止．这一直是影响铝作为阳板材料应用和深入研究的障碍,特别是对铝阳极活化溶解机理的研究进展缓慢．虽然目前人们在铝中添加Ga、In、11、Zn、Sn、Mg、Hg等元素,研制出各种铝合金阳极,提高了铝阳极活化性能,但是这些研究本质上仍属于经验性的．到1983年Despic等人提出了“场…     

脱铝Y型沸石铝化的研究

以不同浓度的KOH溶液分别处理SDY和EDY制备了ASDY和AEDY系列样品。然后采用XRD, FTIR, NH3TPD, 低温N2吸附及正庚烷裂解反应来表征ASDY和AEDY样品的孔结构, 酸性及催化性能的变化。证实了KOH溶液溶解非骨架铝后, 铝原子重新进入SDY的骨架, 导致Si/Al比降低。而且还发现在一定浓度的KOH溶液处理SDY时, 有部分骨架Si被脱出。在没有外加铝源的情况下, KOH溶液也可以铝化EDY样品, KOH溶液首先溶解EDY表面相及二次孔周围的沸石骨架, 然后这些溶解下来的铝碎片再填充到EDY的骨架空位中去, 致使其Si/Al比降低。     

CMPO-离子液体体系对Ce3+的萃取

本文研究了CMPO[辛基(苯基)-N,N-二异丁基氨甲酰基甲基氧化膦]溶于疏水性离子液体BmimNTf2(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺亚酰胺盐)和BmimPF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)对硝酸水溶液体系中Ce3+的萃取行为,详细考察了稀释剂、酸度、金属离子浓度、盐析剂、萃取剂浓度、温度等对萃取性能的影响。研究结果表明:离子液体BmimNTf2体系中Ce3+的萃取率远高于BmimPF6体系;硝酸浓度、金属离子浓度的增大会导致萃取率下降;温度升高萃取率降低;萃取剂CMPO浓度升高萃取率增大;而盐析剂(C=0.001~1 mol.L-1时)对Ce3+的萃取几乎没有影响。萃取机理的推测表明萃取反应形成三配位的配合物,其结构为Ce3+.3CMPO,萃取平衡常数为lgK=6.49,反应焓变为-47.29 kJ.mol-1。     

Eu3+掺杂的LaBO3荧光粉制备及发光性能

采用水热法合成前驱体,后经热处理方式制备不同晶相的LaBO3∶Eu^3+荧光粉。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱和荧光光谱对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了研究。并研究了硼酸用量、热处理温度及初始溶液pH等对晶相结构和发光性能的影响。XRD研究结果表明:合成样品具有单斜结构、正交结构及单斜和正交两相混合结构。适当的硼酸用量、较高的热处理温度及较高的初始溶液pH值易于获得正交结构的荧光粉。红外光谱显示:pH值和硼酸用量影响前驱体成分,热处理温度影响晶相的转变。SEM结果显示:LaBO3∶Eu^3+荧光粉的晶粒尺寸随着pH值的增加逐渐减小,与XRD计算结果相一致。荧光光谱结果表明:正交结构的LaBO3∶Eu^3+发光粉具有较高的紫外吸收和较为纯正的红色发射强度。     

改性固化单宁对稀土离子Pr3+,Nd3+吸附性能研究

以苎麻纤维为基础,通过甲醛交联固化杨梅单宁制备吸附材料(RF-BT),进一步经Mannich反应改性,引入-NH2,制备改性苎麻纤维接枝杨梅单宁吸附材料(RF-BTM)。通过IR和SEM等方法表征了两种材料的结构,并研究了两种材料对Pr3+,Nd3+稀土离子的吸附性能。实验结果表明:反应温度为303 K,p H为5.5,Pr3+溶液初始浓度为1127.2 mg·L-1,Nd3+溶液初始浓度为1153.6 mg·L-1时,RF-BT的最大吸附量为:Pr3+420.3 mg·g-1,Nd3+432.8 mg·g-1;RF-BTM的最大吸附量为:Pr3+461.7 mg·g-1,Nd3+477.8 mg·g-1;表现出优良的吸附性能,其吸附热力学符合Freundlich方程,动力学可用拟二级速率方程描述。     

均三嗪衍生物应用于Fe3+和Cu2+的选择性识别研究

合成了2,4-二甲基-6-(4’-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪(1)和2-苯乙烯基-4,6-二甲基-1,3,5-均三嗪(2)两种化合物,并对其进行了1H NMR,MS,元素分析等表征.采用吸收光谱法研究了金属离子与化合物间的相互作用,结果显示:化合物1对Fe3+和Cu2+表现出高选择性光谱响应,其最大吸收波长由393 nm分别红移至525 nm和513 nm,溶液颜色由黄色变为粉红色.化合物1与Fe3+结合形成1∶1型配合物,其结合常数为1.8×104L mol-1;与Cu2+结合形成2∶1型配合物,其结合常数为2.6×1010L mol-1.化合物2仅对Fe3+呈现显著的光谱变化,其最大吸收波长由304nm红移至357 nm,而Cu2+的加入未引起光谱明显变化,2与Fe3+亦形成1∶1型配合物,结合常数为1.0×105L mol-1.结果表明Fe3+可能与化合物1和2中三嗪N配位,而Cu2+与化合物1中甲氨基中的N配位.同时考察了其它金属离子如Li+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Co3+,Ni2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Hg2+和Zn2+等离子对化合物1和2吸收光谱的影响,结果显示两者光谱均无明显变化,据此提出了高选择性Fe3+,Cu2+的识别体系.     

罗丹明型荧光探针的合成及对Hg2+的识别

本文以罗丹明B-酰肼和2-氯-3-喹啉醛经缩合反应得到新型的罗丹明B衍生物3,其结构经1H NMR,MS,元素分析表征.通过荧光光谱法研究了目标物3在CH3CN-H2O溶液中与金属离子的识别特性.结果表明:目标物3可作为荧光探针选择性识别Hg2+,识别过程是不可逆的.     

Er3+、In3+等金属离子对多孔硅光致发光性质的影响

用阳极腐蚀的方法制备了多孔硅样品,用电化学方法在多孔硅中注入Er3+、In3+等金属离子,并对注入离子后多孔硅的光致荧光光谱进行了研究,结果表明：注入Er3+及In3+后的多孔硅在588nm处的发光峰强度大大增加,同时发光峰稍有展宽。随着离子注入时间的增长,强度继续增加,但当离子溶液浓度一定时,这种增强对时间具有饱和性。     

一种罗丹明6G类“Off-On”型Fe3+比色荧光探针

设计合成了一种基于罗丹明6G的新型比色荧光探针(RG),并通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和质谱进行了表征。该探针在pH=6的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中可与Fe³⁺作用,溶液由无色变为粉红色,在530nm处产生强吸收,同时在557nm处发射强荧光。通过金属离子选择性实验,发现探针RG对Fe³⁺有高选择性;此外,探针溶液530nm的吸光度和557nm的荧光强度与Fe³⁺浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为1.26和3.87μmol/L。Job’s曲线分析表明探针分子与Fe³⁺的反应摩尔比为1∶1。此外,以乙二胺四乙酸为络合剂实现了探针分子的重复使用。该探针可用于实际水样中Fe³⁺的精准检测。     

CMC-Na/TETA-B62型蛇笼树脂对Ag+、Cr3+和Hg2+的吸附性能

研究了自合成的蛇笼型螯合树脂三乙烯四胺交联甘油环氧树脂／羧甲基纤维素体系对Ag^ 、Cr^3 、Hg^2＋的吸附量，吸附动力学，等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能，同时研究了PH值等因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明，该树脂对Ag^ 、Cr^3 具有较强的吸附选择性，在Ag^ 、Cr^3 、Hg^2＋3种离子共存时能选择吸附Ag^ ，其选择性系数分别为KAg/Hg^2 ＝10．31、KAg^ /Cr^3 =1.77,KCr^3 /Hg^2 =5.83。该树脂对上述3种离子的吸附量分别达2.99mmol/g、1．69mmol/g、0．29mmol/g，该类树树可用于含重金属离子污水的处理和金属离子的分离等方面。     

高铁酸盐电化学合成的研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备高铁酸盐,研究制备条件对电解产率的影响.结果表明,灰口铸铁是较为理想的阳极材料.在以14mol·dm-3NaOH作电解液、20℃和电流密度4.54mA·cm-2条件下电解1h,得最高电流效率为68.5%,优于使用KOH作电解液.     

Stripping voltammetric determination of silver(I) at carbon paste electrode modified with 3-amino-2-mercapto quinazolin-4(3H)-one

A differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method was developed for the determination of Ag(I) at a 3-amino-2-mercapto quinazolin-4(3H)-one modified carbon paste electrode. The analysis procedure consisted of an open circuit accumulation step in stirred sample solution for 12 min. This was followed by medium exchange to a clean solution where the accumulated Ag(I) was reduced for 15 s in −0.6 V. Subsequently an anodic potential scan was effected from −0.2 to +0.2 V to obtain the voltammetric peak. The detection limit of silver(I) was 0.4 μg L⁻¹ and R.S.D. for 10, 100 and 200 μg L⁻¹ silver(I) were 2.4, 1.8 and 1.3%, respectively. The calibration curve was linear for 0.9-300 μg L⁻¹ silver(I). Many coexisting ions had little or no effect on the determination of silver(I). The procedure was applied to determination of silver(I) in X-ray photographic films and natural waters. In X-ray photographic film samples, the results have compared to those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

The Affinity of Gallium(III) and Indium(III) for Nitrogen Donor Ligands

Abstract

Dedicated to Professor Arthur Martell on the occasion of his seventy fifth birthday.

The complexes of In(III) and Ga(III) with a variety of nitrogen donor ligands were studied in aqueous solution by glass electrode potentiometry at 25°C in 0.1 M NaNO₃. The ligands were 2-aminomethylpyri-dine (AMPY), ethylenediamine (EN), N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (THPED), and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (BICIN). A variety of mixed ligand complexes of the MLOH type were detected with many of the above ligands as L. The logK₁ values obtained were with Ga(III) 8.40 (AMPY), 7.94 (THPED) 12.72 (EN), and In(III) 7.6 (AMPY), 8.20 (THPED), and 7.06 (BICIN). These formation constants are discussed in relation to previous predictions that In(III) and Ga(III) would have a substantial chemistry with nitrogen donor ligands. Of particular interest is the Ga(III) system with EN, where a very stable Ga(EN)³⁺ complex is formed, but no higher complexes except for hydrolyzed species such as Ga(EN)OH²⁺ and Ga(EN)(OH)₂ ⁺.     

Detection of Al(III) and Ga(III) complexes with morin by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

The Al(III) and Ga(III) complexes formed by morin (M) in aqueous solution were investigated by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the full scan mass spectra, Al:M showed 1:2 and 2:3 stoichiometric ratios. When (S)-N-acetylserine methyl ester (Ser), as a partial mimic of the serine residue in silk, was added to Al:M and Ga:M complexes in aqueous solution, the mass spectra of Ser:Al:M showed 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 stoichiometric ratios. The patterns of the mass spectra of Ga:M and Ser:Ga:M complexes were similar to those for the corresponding Al(III) complexes. Calculated heats of formation of potential structures of the complexes, with and without bound water, were obtained using semiempirical PM3 calculations.     

Nonplanarity at tri-coordinated aluminum and gallium: cyclic structures for X3Hn(m) (X = B, Al, Ga)

Structures and energies of X3H3(2-), X3H4-, X3H5, and X3H6+ (X = B, Al and Ga) were investigated theoretically at B3LYP/6-311G(d) level. The global minimum structures of B are not found to be global minima for Al and Ga. The hydrides of the heavier elements Al and Ga have shown a total of seven, six and eight minima for X3H3(2-), X3H(4-), and X3H5, respectively. However, X3H(6+) has three and four minima for Al and Ga, respectively. The nonplanar arrangements of hydrogens with respect to X3 ring is found to be very common for Al and Ga species. Similarly, species with lone pairs on heavy atoms dominate the potential energy surfaces of Al and Ga three-ring systems. The first example of a structure with tri-coordinate pyramidal arrangement at Al and Ga is found in X3H(4-) (2g), contrary to the conventional wisdom of C3H3+, B3H3, etc. The influence of pi-delocalization in stabilizing the structures decreases from X3H3(2-) to X3H6+ for heavier elements Al and Ga. In general, minimum energy structures of X3H4-, X3H5, and X3H6+ may be arrived at by protonating the minimum energy structures sequentially starting from X3H3(2-). The resonance stabilization energy (RSE) for the global minimum structures (or nearest structures to global minimum which contains pi-delocalization) is computed using isodesmic equations.     

Cu2+对不同相形态中聚3-己基噻吩光学性质的影响

用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱方法研究了Cu2+分别与稀溶液、分散液和薄膜三种体系中的聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)的相互作用. 结果表明, P3HT的相形态对其相互作用有重要影响. 在四氢呋喃的稀溶液中, P3HT与Cu2+的溶剂化程度都很高, 它们之间几乎不存在化学作用; 在分散液中, P3HT形成聚集的颗粒, Cu2+的加入产生较弱的氧化掺杂, Cu2+部分进入到分散颗粒中; 在P3HT的薄膜中, Cu2+使链的共轭长度变短, 引起光吸收蓝移.     

纯铝在KOH-乙醇溶液中的电化学行为

研究纯铝在KOH 乙醇溶液中的电化学行为,腐蚀失重、极化曲线、EIS和恒电流放电实验表明,该体系纯铝的腐蚀速率极小,因而有可能应用于密闭电池,并可在相当宽的电位范围内保持一定的活性.放电的终止可能是由于放电产物在电极表面堆积引起的.     

Electrochemical synthesis of soluble sulfonated poly(3-methyl thiophene)

Electrochemical polymerization of poly(3-methyl thiophene) films (3-MTy) which are self-doped with SO₃⁻ was investigated. The sulfonated poly(3-methyl thiophene) films synthesized from the solution which contained different amounts of HSO₃F. The sulfonated polymer films were found to be soluble in DMF and KOH. The solubility values increased and the conductivity values decreased with the increase in sulfonation ratio. The resulting polymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis, FT-IR, elemental analysis, dry conductivity measurements and SEM techniques.     

纯铝在一种新型碱性电解液中的腐蚀和阳极行为

通过集气、动电位极化曲线、恒流放电、扫描电镜和X射线能谱等方法研究了纯铝在含有锡酸钠的4 mol·L-1氢氧化钾的甲醇-水(甲醇和水的体积比为4:1, 下同)混合溶液中的腐蚀和阳极溶解行为. 实验结果表明, 锡酸钠的添加通过具有较高析氢过电位的金属锡在电极表面的沉积, 极大地抑制了铝在4 mol·L-1氢氧化钾的甲醇鄄水溶液中的腐蚀;而由于在锡沉积层中裂纹的出现, 导致较大浓度锡酸钠的缓蚀作用有所降低. 恒流放电结果表明, 铝在含有锡酸钠的4 mol·L-1氢氧化钾的甲醇鄄水溶液中的恒流放电性能明显改进, 而且铝阳极的放电性能随着锡酸钠含量的增大而逐渐提高. 在20 mA·cm-2的放电电流密度下, 铝阳极在含有10.0 mmol·L-1锡酸钠的电解液中显示了电位相对较低且较平坦的放电平台.     

Vibrational spectroscopic studies of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxylsilane sol-gel and its coating

Organosilane sol-gels have been prepared under different conditions from mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES). These sol-gels were applied for the thin film coating on aluminum. Vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to trace and to study the proceeding of the sol-gel formation and the curing of the coated films on Al. Based on the group frequencies as well as their spectral behavior under different conditions, vibrational assignments have been made for most of the observed bands. Surface enhanced Raman scattering has revealed the chemical adsorption of MPTMS sol-gel on silver particles. Recorded reflection and absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of coated tiles cured at different temperatures have indicated that surface reaction may occur at high temperature. The anticorrosion characters of the coated metals have been evaluated with the measured electrochemical data. Results from cyclic voltammographs have indicated that each layer of sol-gel coating would reduce the redox current across the electrode/electrolyte solution interface. Tafel plots have shown that the anodic current of the coated electrode decreases significantly and the corrosion potentials shift to the positive side.