质子导体固体氧化物燃料电池的Ba2Co9O14阴极材料

Ba₂Co₉O₁₄（BCO）是一种新型的电子-氧离子混合导体,在氧离子导体的固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）中,其作为阴极材料的应用可能性已经得到证实,本工作探索BCO在质子导体SOFC中的应用可能性。采用固相反应法制备BCO粉体,研究BCO与质子导体电解质BZCY （BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O_3-δ）之间的化学相容性,分析BCO-BZCY复合阴极在BZCY电解质上的电化学性能。当复合阴极中BCO的质量含量为70%时,阴极性能最佳,界面阻抗活化能为1.26 eV。以BCO-BZCY为阴极,Ni-BZCY为阳极,BZCY为电解质的阳极支撑型单电池,700℃时,单电池的极化阻抗为0.15 Ω·cm²,最大功率密度为400 mW·cm^-2。     

一种抗CO2中毒的高电化学性能质子导体电解质

制备了一种高电化学性能的抗CO2中毒的低温质子导体固体氧化物燃料电池电解质BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.2O3(BZCY4),并通过双层共压法制备出NiO+BZCY4阳极支撑的单电池.该电池以质子导体材料BZCY4氧化物为电解质,钙钛矿型材料Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3(BSCF)为阴极,在750和400℃下的功率密度分别为219和57mW/cm2.     

一种增加SOFC阳极三相反应区的方法

近年来 ,固体氧化物燃料电池 ( SOFC)以其高效、低污染的特性 ,越来越受到国内外的普遍重视 .SOFC由阴极、阳极和夹在其间的电解质组成 ,其中阳极性能的优劣对整个电池的性能有着相当大的影响 .目前 ,传统的阳极材料大都选用 Ni+ YSZ[1～ 4 ] .Murray等 [5] 最近报道了在阳极与电解质之间附加一层具有混合导电性能 (同时具有较高的离子导电率和电子导电率 )的 YDC( 1 5% Y2 O3+ 85%Ce O2 )后 ,可大大降低阳极与电解质之间的界面阻抗 ,增加三相反应区和氧离子流通 ,从而提高电池的输出功率 .我们认为 ,如果能以掺杂的复合阳极代替附…     

Ba_(0.95)Ce_(0.9)Y_(0.1)O_(3-α)固体氧化物的离子导电性及其燃料电池性能

以Ba0 .95Ce0 .9Y0 .1O3-α氧化物陶瓷为固体电解质 ,以多孔性Pt为电极材料 ,分别组成氢、氧浓差电池和氢_空气燃料电池 ,测定了 6 0 0～ 10 0 0℃范围内的浓差电池电动势 ,燃料电池的放电性能和电极极化性能 .结果表明 ,Ba0 .95Ce0 .9Y0 .1O3-α在氢气氛中几乎是一个纯质子导体 ,在氧气氛中是氧离子与电子空穴的混合导体 ,氧离子迁移数在 0 .3～ 0 .5之间 ,在氢_空气燃料电池条件下显示出混合离子 (质子 +氧离子 )导电性 ,总离子迁移数大于 0 .9.该燃料电池性能良好 ,Pt电极极化性能很小 ,最大输出电流密度为 6 80mA·cm- 2 (10 0 0℃ ) ,最大输出功率密度为 16 0mW·cm- 2 (10 0 0℃ ) .     

阳极支撑BZCY电解质及GBFN阴极膜在常压合成氨中的性能研究

采用硝酸盐-柠檬酸法制备了 BaZr0.1 Ce0.7 Y0.2 O3-α(BZCY)质子电解质及GdBaFeNiO5+δ(GBFN)阴极材料,用浆料旋涂法结合后续的热处理在NiO-BZCY阳极支撑体上制备致密的BZCY电解质薄膜,在电解质薄膜上制备多孔性GBFN阴极膜,成功地组装成合成氨膜反应器.以氢、氮气为反应气体,通过电解方法进行了常压合成氨试验.结果显示,BZCY及GBFN分别具有钙钛矿型及双钙钛矿型结构,NiO与BZ-CY具有良好的化学兼容性,合成氨产率高达1.63 ×10-8 mol·s-1·cm-2,高于迄今所报道的类似方法的合成氨产率.这与BZCY电解质膜优良的导电性能、GBFN膜优良的极化性能密切相关.Ag对GBFN的修饰也有利于氨产率的提高.     

Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α陶瓷的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α质子导电性陶瓷,粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,该陶瓷为单一钙钛矿型斜方晶结构。在500~900℃温度范围内,分别用气体浓差电池方法和交流阻抗谱技术研究了材料在不同气体气氛中的离子导电性,并与Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的离子导电性进行了比较。结果表明,在500~900℃温度范围内、湿润氢气中,Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体。在干燥空气中,该材料是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数为0.295~0.081,氧离子电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。在湿润空气中,该材料是一个质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,质子迁移数为0.151~0.009,氧离子迁移数为0.300~0.107,质子电导率低于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料。在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,Ba0.9La0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料是一个质子、氧离子和电子的混合导体,离子迁移数为0.964~0.853,离子电导率与Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料相近。     

Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α固体氧化物燃料电池性能

以Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α为固体电解质,Pt为电极,组成氢-空气燃料电池,测定了该电池600～1000℃下电流-电压特性、电极极化特性和电解质中各电荷载流子(质子、氧离子、电子空穴)迁移数及其电导率。实验表明,该电池放电性能良好,能稳定地输出电能,1000℃时的最大输出电流密度为680mA.cm^-^2。正、负Pt电极极化特性很小,放电时的电压耗损主要由电解质电阻产生。在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α显示混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性。随着温度升高,质子迁移数减小而氧离子迁移数增大,当温度为780℃时,质子和氧离子迁移数相同(0.46),在低于780℃时,质子电导占优势,而在高于780℃时,氧离子电导占优势。     

Ba0.95Ce0.9Y03-α固体氧化物燃料电池性能

以Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α为固体电解质,Pt为电极,组成氢-空气燃料电池,测定了该电池600～1000℃下电流-电压特性、电极极化特性和电解质中各电荷载流子(质子、氧离子、电子空穴)迁移数及其电导率.实验表明,该电池放电性能良好,能稳定地输出电能,1000℃时的最大输出电流密度为680 mA@cm-2.正、负Pt电极极化特性很小,放电时的电压耗损主要由电解质电阻产生.在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α显示混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性.随着温度升高,质子迁移数减小而氧离子迁移数增大,当温度为780℃时,质子和氧离子迁移数相同(0.46),在低于780℃时,质子电导占优势,而在高于780℃时,氧离子电导占优势.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池的纳米LSM-SDC复合阴极

阴极粒子纳米化可以提高固体氧化物燃料电池的性能,通常使复合阴极的单一相(催化剂或电解质)纳米化。本工作报道双相纳米化的新型(La0.85Sr0.15)0.9MnO3(LSM)-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)复合阴极。扫描电镜照片显示,纳米LSM和SDC颗粒均匀附着在多孔LSM-SDC电极骨架的表面。交流阻抗研究表明,600℃时,该阴极界面极化阻抗仅为0.93Ω·cm2,性能优于其他类型的LSM-SDC复合阴极。以这种新型LSM-SDC复合纳米电极为阴极、稳定的氧化锆为电解质的单电池,在600、650和700℃最大输出功率分别为114、218和348mW·cm-2。     

Ag-GDC复合电极的性能及其在直接碳SOFC中的应用

制备了Ag与Gd掺杂的氧化铈(GDC)复合的电极材料。采用氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)为电解质,Ag-GDC为阴极和阳极,组装成固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC),采用担载5%(质量分数)Fe的活性炭为SOFC的燃料,对此直接碳SOFC(DC-SOFC)的输出性能及阻抗谱进行测试,并与采用传统阴极(掺Sr的锰酸镧与YSZ的复合材料)的DC-SOFC性能进行了比较,发现Ag-GDC具有更好的性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对电池的微观结构进行了分析,并就其对电池性能的影响进行了分析。     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Non-centrosymmetric Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2

The compound previously reported as Ba₂Ti₂B₂O₉ has been reformulated as Ba₃Ti₃B₂O₁₂, or Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂, a new barium titanium oxoborate. Small single crystals have been recovered from a melt with a composition of BaTiO₃:BaTiB₂O₆ (molar ratio) cooled between 1100°C and 850°C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction: hexagonal system, non-centrosymmetric space group, a=8.7377(11) Å, c=3.9147(8) Å, Z=1, wR(F²)=0.039 for 504 unique reflections. Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is isostructural with K₃Ta₃O₆(BO₃)₂. Preliminary measurements of nonlinear optical properties on microcrystalline samples show that the second harmonic generation efficiency of Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is equal to 95% of that of LiNbO₃.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

g-C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

Magnetic diphase nanostructure of ZnFe2O4/γ-Fe2O3

Magnetic diphase nanostructures of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The formation reactions were optimized by tuning the initial molar ratios of Fe/Zn. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is found that when the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn is larger than 2, a diphase magnetic nanostructure of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ was formed, in which the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ enhanced the thermal stability of γ-Fe₂O₃. Further increasing the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn larger than 6 destabilized the diphase nanostructure and yielded traces of secondary phase α-Fe₂O₃. The grain surfaces of diphase nanostructure exhibited a spin-glass-like structure. At room temperature, all diphase nanostructures are superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization being increased with γ-Fe₂O₃ content.     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

A new 2212-type stair like structure: Bi14Sr21Fe12O61, m=5 member of the generic [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9]m[Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family

A new oxide, Bi₁₄Sr₂₁Fe₁₂O_61, with a layered structure derived from the 2212 modulated type structure Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉, was isolated. It crystallizes in the I2 space group, with the following parameters: a=16.58(3) Å, b=5.496(1) Å, c=35.27(2) Å and β=90.62°. The single crystal X-ray structure determination, coupled with electron microscopy, shows that this ferrite is the m=5 member of the [Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉]_m[Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] collapsed family. This new collapsed structure can be described as slices of 2212 structure of five bismuth polyhedra thick along , shifted with respect to each other and interconnected by means of [Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] slices. The latter are the place of numerous defects like iron or strontium for bismuth substitution; they can be correlated to intergrowth defects with other members of the family.     

Raman scattering investigations on lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 intergrowth ferroelectrics

The ferroelectric ceramics of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅, and lanthanum-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ were synthesized, and their Raman spectra were investigated. La-doping resulted in the enlargement of remnant polarization of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The structure of the Bi₂O₂ layers and TiO₆ octahedra of the intergrowth was found to be different from those of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. La³⁺ ions exhibit pronounced selectivity for the occupation of A site as La content is lower than 0.50, and tend to be incorporated into Bi₂O₂ layers when the La content is higher than 0.50. Lanthanum substitution brings about the structural phase transition in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The variation of ferroelectric property may be attributed to combined contribution from the decreasing of the oxygen vacancies, the relaxation of the lattice distortion, the destroying of the insulation and the space charge compensation effects of the Bi₂O₂ slabs.     

一维纳米Co_3O_4,Ag/Co_3O_4及CuO/Co_3O_4的合成与电催化性能(英文)

采用水热合成法制备了Co3O4及复合Ag/Co3O4、CuO/Co3O4一维纳米产品。用XRD,FE-SEM和TEM手段对产品进行了表征。采用循环伏安法研究了合成产品修饰的玻碳电极在碱性溶液中对对硝基苯酚的电催化还原性能。与裸玻碳电极相比,1mmol·L-1的对硝基苯酚在用Co3O4、特别是CuO/Co3O4修饰的玻碳电极上还原的峰电流明显增大,用Ag/Co3O4(Ag/Co原子比分别为1∶5和2∶5)修饰的玻碳电极催化还原对硝基苯酚时,尽管还原峰电流增大不是太大,但其峰电位明显降低(分别降低0.265和0.371V)。