压水堆核电站一回路冷却剂系统中硼酸基体对锂含量测定影响的研究

为解决压水堆(PWR)核电站一回路冷却剂系统中硼酸溶液对锂含量测定的影响,对原子吸收法进行了改进。当样品的硼含量小于1000 mg/kg时,使用500 mg/kg硼基体标准工作液,并在样品中加入65 mg/kg的硝酸进行测定;如果样品的硼含量大于1000 mg/kg时,须将样品进行稀释,使稀释后的样品中硼含量小于1000 mg/kg,然后按照硼基体含量小于1000 mg/kg的样品进行测定。测定实际样品L1RCP的精密度为0.48%,回收率为100%,结果证明方法可行。     

聚丙烯酸钠配合-超滤分离Hg(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)

以聚丙烯酸钠为配合剂,研究了Hg(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)混合溶液配合-超滤分离行为。考察了pH值和负载比LR对混合体系分离的影响,结果表明,pH=5适宜分离;当LR从0.01增大至2时,金属离子分离系数SHg-Cd和SHg-Cu逐渐增大,LR=2时达到最大值。在pH=5、LR=2、体积浓缩因子为15和各金属离子的初始质量浓度为30mg/L时,截留液中金属离子的质量浓度ρr,Hg、ρr,Cu和ρr,Cd分别为435.3、42.6和34.2mg/L;SHg-Cd、SHg-Cu和SCu-Cd基本不变,依次为229.3、184.3和1.2,即Hg(Ⅱ)得到选择性浓缩。浓缩液的洗涤研究结果表明,随着洗涤液体积增大,ρr,Hg基本不变,ρr,Cu和ρr,Cd分别下降至12.54和4.73mg/L。收集含Cu(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的各渗透液,调节LR=0.033和pH=5,浓缩16倍时,ρr,Cu从27.34mg/L升高至430.9mg/L,ρr,Cd从27.83mg/L仅升高至61.5mg/L,SCu-Cd为95.8,Cu(Ⅱ)获得选择性浓缩。     

聚天冬氨酸与木质素磺酸钠复配物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

通过静态阻垢法研究了国产聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、木质素磺酸钠(SLS)添加量对碳酸钙的阻垢性能.结果表明:PASP在5.0mg/L时阻垢率接近100%,SLS达300mg/L以上时阻垢率趋于平缓,浓度为600mg/L时,其阻垢率仍不足70%.PASP与SLS复合配方及在不同影响因素条件下阻垢性能的研究表明:复合配方(PASP 2.0mg/L SLS 5.0mg/L)的阻垢率接近100%,且适用于高钙、高pH值、高温的水系统中,并可在水系统中长时间停留.     

流动注射光度法直接测定海水中的微量苯胺

基于苯胺与亚硝酸盐的重氮化反应及反应产物与甲萘酚的显色,借助流动分析技术,实现了海水中苯胺含量的分析测定。体系以30.9g/L的NaCl做载液、人工海水配制标准样品,对各个影响因素进行了优化。苯胺浓度在0.01～1.0mg/L范围内与相对峰高呈线性关系,线性方程ΔH(mV)=200.53ρ+1.0728(n=8,ρ为苯胺浓度mg/L),相关系数R2=0.9982。方法的检出限(3σ)为0.005mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.8%(n=11)。考察了共存离子、不同盐度样品对分析测定的影响。用于实际海水样品的分析,回收率为95.8%～106.6%。     

非抑制型离子色谱法同时测定矿泉水中硼酸和偏硅酸

建立了利用非抑制电导检测法同时测定矿泉水中硼酸及偏硅酸(以SiO₃^2-计)含量的方法。在以Dionex IonPac^TM AS20作为分析柱、流速为1.0 mL/min、色谱柱温度为30℃、以6 mmol/L氢氧化钠溶液和60 mmol/L甘露醇作为流动相、进样体积50μL的条件下，偏硅酸和硼酸在8 min内实现有效分离，SiO₃^2-和硼酸分别在0.25～100 mg/L和0.5～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数均为0.999 9)。SiO₃^2-的方法检出限(MDL)和方法定量限(MQL)分别为0.078 mg/L和0.26 mg/L,硼酸的方法检出限(MDL)和方法定量限(MQL)分别为0.18 mg/L和0.60 mg/L。以实际样品为基质在不同添加水平下进行加标试验，SiO₃^2-和硼酸的平均加标回收率为97.3%～105.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<0.9%(n=6...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定纺织品中总硼

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定纺织品中总硼的分析方法。纺织样品经HNO_3-H_2O_2微波消解,以钇元素作为内标元素,以249.772nm波长作为硼的分析线,采用ICP-OES法进行测定。实验结果表明,硼的质量浓度在0.01~0.20mg/L范围内与发射强度比值呈线性关系,方法的定量限为0.8mg/kg,在0.8、1.6、8.0mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为80.4%~104.7%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~9.8%。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确可靠,能够满足纺织品中总硼含量的检测要求。     

奶粉中三聚氰胺的加压毛细管电色谱法测定

建立了加压毛细管电色谱法(pCEC)测定奶粉中三聚氰胺含量的方法。采用三氯乙酸和乙腈沉淀样品中的蛋白质,并经强阳离子固相萃取柱富集净化。优化了有机相的比例、流动相的盐浓度和电压,比较了pCEC与毛细管液相色谱(cLC)的三聚氰胺色谱图。经方法学考察,样品在0.8~80 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r0.999 0),检出限为0.4 mg/L,在添加水平为2~100 mg/kg时的回收率为71%~82%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.1%~8.5%。     

干扰物质对气相分子吸收光谱法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮的影响探讨

探讨了干扰物质对气相分子吸收光谱法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮时可能存在的影响。配制一系列不同浓度的干扰物质,考察其对亚硝酸盐氮的影响。通过加标回收方式考察不同环境水介质对亚硝酸盐氮的影响。VOCs浓度达到0.05 mg/L、S^(2-)浓度达到0.5 mg/L及以上时均会对亚硝酸盐氮产生正干扰;S_(2)O_(3)^(2-)浓度达到2.0 mg/L、I-浓度达到30 mg/L、Sn^(2+)浓度达到0.5 mg/L、MnO_(4)-浓度达到0.4 mg/L及以上时均会对亚硝酸盐氮产生负干扰;S_(2)O_(3)^(2-)浓度在20~150 mg/L、SCN-浓度在10~150 mg/L、Fe^(3+)浓度在0.20~300 mg/L、H_(2)O_(2)浓度在5~100 mg/L时,均对亚硝酸盐氮测定结果影响不显著;亚硝酸盐氮在不同环境水介质中平均加标回收率范围为97.5%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为1.4%~3.2%(n=6),说明不同环境水介质对亚硝酸氮的测定结果无影响。     

四酸微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定土壤和沉积物中全硼含量

土壤和沉积物的结构特点决定了全硼分析时存在消解不完全、易挥发损失等问题,为了提高全硼检测的效率和可靠性,利用微波消解仪对土壤和沉积物样品进行消解,选择分析谱线为208.957 nm,比较了不同酸体系消解的处理效果,并优化了赶酸温度,建立了一种四酸微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定土壤和沉积物中全硼含量的方法。在最优条件下,全硼含量在0.01~1.00 mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.7 mg/kg,回收率为89.3%～96.5%,相对标准偏差为1.1~3.0%。方法可为土壤和沉积物中全硼的含量测定提供参考。     

用α-Al2O3研究比热测试与MDSC条件的相关性

通过α-Al2O3的比热测试,研究了调制式差示扫描量热法(MDSC)测量比热(Cp)与温度(T)、线性升温速率(β)、温度调制振幅(AT)和调制周期(ρ)的相关性,并对测试误差进行校正.实验结果表明:Cp随T提高和ρ延长而增大;但β和AT对Cp影响不大;ρ=30 s时实测值(Cpms)与文献值(Csptd)的相对误差(Erms)最小,在温度为100~200℃范围小于3%;导出了对Cpms进行修正的多项式校正参数,在ρ为20~50 s、温度为100~200℃范围,修正后的比热(Cpmd)与文献值的相对误差(Ermd)小于1.5%.     

新型Mg-Al吸附剂去除压水堆核电厂废水中高浓度硼

通过特定的焙烧过程制备了不含碳酸根的Mg-Al型层状双金属氧化物. 该层状双金属氧化物在废水中可水解为层状双金属氢氧化物, 从而能够通过四级串联吸附处理的方式将模拟核电厂含硼废水中的硼浓度由初始的2000 mg/L显著降低至10 mg/L, 满足内陆拟建核电厂需要将含硼废水硼浓度处理至30 mg/L以下的技术要求. 在pH=10.61, 固液比为1/40 g/mL, 吸附温度为20 ℃条件下, 吸附剂的硼吸附量可高达39.64 mg/g. 此外, 还在分子层次上讨论了中间氧化物的形成机理以及其水解生成层状双金属氢氧化物的机理, 探讨了核电厂高浓度含硼废水的pH值、 初始硼浓度、 吸附剂用量和搅拌时间等条件对吸附剂硼吸附性能的影响.     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺柠檬酸铝体系临界交联浓度的研究

采用落球粘度计、核孔膜过滤、动态光散射 (DLS)和2 7Al NMR法 ,研究了高分子量、低浓度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM)与柠檬酸铝 (AlCit)体系形成交联聚合物溶液 (LPS)的临界交联浓度 .研究结果表明 ,HPAM AlCit体系在聚合物浓度较低时 ,溶液中主要发生形成交联聚合物线团 (LPC)的交联反应 ,此时形成的是LPS ,聚合物浓度增加到某一临界值后 ,体系中形成线团后 ,存在线团间的交联 ,此时形成的是弱凝胶 .不同方法所测得的HPAM AlCit体系的临界交联浓度基本相同 ,对于粘均相对分子质量为 1 4× 10 7的HPAM ,在NaCl浓度为 2 0 0 0mg L ,交联比 2 0∶1时形成的交联体系 ,其临界交联浓度在 2 0 0～ 30 0mg L间 .     

Fe2O3/CNT催化湿法H2O2氧化苯酚

通过化学沉积法和热处理得到多壁碳纳米管负载Fe2O3催化剂 Fe2O3/CNT, Fe2O3的负载质量分数约为15.1%,XRD表征显示,负载的Fe2O3存在α和γ这2种晶型。考察了Fe2O3/CNT催化湿式H2O2氧化去除废水中苯酚催化性能,通过苯酚的去除率及反应过程中催化剂活性组分的溶出总量,研究了催化剂制备过程中添加聚乙烯醇对催化剂性能的影响。在苯酚和H2O2初始浓度分别为350和1 500 mg/L、催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L、温度80 ℃条件下,经过240 min的反应,苯酚去除率达100％,COD去除率为86.1％。     

Neutron induced radiography in the determination of boron in drinking water

Neutron induced radiography has been applied to the determination of boron concentrations in drinking water, collected from natural springs of Reshian and Muzaffarabad areas of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, using CR-39 etched track detectors. The technique is based upon the simultaneous irradiation with thermal neutrons of a sample of unknown concentration and a standard of known boron concentration, fixed on a track detector. The subsequent counting of alpha and ⁷Li tracks in the detector resulting from the ¹⁰B(n,)⁷Li nuclear reaction is done after chemical etching. Boron concentration in the sample is determined by comparing ⁷Li and alpha-particle track density with that of a standard of known boron concentration. Boron concentrations in drinking water samples from Muzaffarabad and Reshian area of Azad Kashmir have been found to vary from (0.054±0.001) mg/l to (0.250±0.004) mg/l with an average of (0.16±0.002) mg/l. The observed concentration of boron in drinking water has been found to be less than the provisional Maximum Acceptable Concentration level (0.4 mg//l) of WHO. The drinking water from the reported area has been found to be within safe limits as far as boron related health hazards are concerned.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimization of a new resin, Amberlyst 36, as a solid-phase extractor and determination of copper(II) in drinking water and tea samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new simple and reliable method has been developed to separate and preconcentrate trace copper ion in drinking water and tea samples for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The copper ions are adsorbed quantitatively during passage of aqueous solutions through Amberlyst 36 cation exchange resin. After the separation and preconcentration stage, the analyte was eluted with a potassium cyanide solution and determined by FAAS. Different factors including pH of sample solution, sample volume, amount of resin, flow rate of aqueous solution, volume and concentration of eluent, and matrix effects for preconcentration were examined. The analytical figures of merit for the determination of copper are as follows: analytical detection limit (3 sigma), 0.26 microg/L; precision (RSD), 3.1% for 100 microg/L; enrichment factor, 200 (using 1000 mL of sample solution and 5 mL of eluent); time of analysis, 3.5 h (for obtaining enrichment factor of 200); capacity of resin, 125 mg/g. The method was applied for copper determination by FAAS in tap water, commercial natural spring water, commercial treated drinking water, and commercial tea bag sample. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analyzing tea leaves (GBW 07605). The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values.     

Determination of uric acid in plasma and allantoic fluid of chicken embryos by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection (DAD) was used to determine uric acid (UA) in chicken plasma and the allantoic fluid of chicken embryos. Complete separation of uric and ascorbic acids was attained in less than 10 min in the optimized BGE containing 60 mM MES + 30 mM Tris + 0.001% (w/v) polybrene (pH 6.1). The limit of UA detection (0.2 mg/L) was found to be low enough for sensitive analysis of native plasma and allantoic fluid samples. Range of linearity (1-200 mg/L), repeatability for peak area (CV <4.1%) and migration time (CV < 2.5%), as well as recovery of UA from biological samples (97-100%), were found to be satisfactory. The method was applied to detect the elevated UA concentrations (hyperuricemia) in chicken embryos with induced unilateral renal agenesis. CE/DAD analysis of the chicken plasma can be carried out with a relatively small volume of samples (1 microL).     

流动注射膜分离测定水中的苯胺

本文提出了用硅橡胶膜在线分离的流动注射紫外度法测定水样中的苯胺。该方法的检出限为１ｍｇ／Ｌ，苯胺含量在２－２００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈良好的线性，对５０ｍｇ／Ｌ试样１２次测定的相对标准偏差为１．２％，１ｈ能测３５个样品。用本方法测定了几种水样中苯胺的含量，回收率均达９０％以上。     

Analysis of nucleotides directly from TLC plates using MALDI-MS detection

The natural pyrethrins, cinerin I, jasmolin I and pyrethrin I, have been hydrolyzed to chrysanthemic acid (CA) in subcritical water in the presence of basic alumina. The hydrolysis and extraction was performed in situ with subcritical water. The conversion to acid is reproducible at 200?°C and 30 min with an RSD of 19% (n = 16) at a concentration level of 1.2 × 10^–8 mol/L CA and 12% (n = 12) at concentration level of 1.2 × 10^–7 mol/L CA. An analytical method using Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) combined with GC-FID or -MSD was developed and optimized. For SPME an equilibration time of 20 min at pH of 2 was required. Three fibers, 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 85 μm polyacrylate (PA) and 65 μm carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW) were evaluated. The Carbowax/divinylbenzene fiber has the highest affinity for CA, but the capacity decreases significantly from experiment to experiment. The most reproducible and most stable one was the PDMS fiber. Two internal standards, octanoic acid and cis-chrysanthemic acid, were used because CA degrades slowly at 200?°C in water. This method was applied to analyze some products which contain pyrethrum as an active ingredient, such as insect spray, shampoo against lice, and dried chrysanthemum flowers. The results are comparable to SFC-FID data and correspond to the values given by the manufacturer.