基于斐林试剂检测柿霜中还原糖含量的实验设计*

柿饼表面的柿霜主要成分是还原糖,基于斐林试剂与还原糖发生氧化还原反应的原理,可利用稀释定律对柿霜中还原糖含量进行测定。在定量滴定分析中,对斐林试剂的组成、滴定方式以及滴定计算方法进行了探究,并探讨了反应时溶液pH、斐林试剂用量和温度对实验的影响。与经典的碘量法比较,本方法的精密度和准确度都比较理想,是一种更为简便的还原糖含量测定方法。本实验有助于增强学生的食品安全意识,提高学生在滴定分析中数据处理的能力,可替代碘量法成为分析化学实验中一个新的实验。     

不同前驱体制备的Mn-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 催化剂对二甲醚催化氧化制取甲缩醛反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别用硫酸锰、醋酸锰、氯化锰和硝酸锰为原料制备了Mn-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 杂多酸催化剂。在常压连续流动固定床反应器中，考察了二甲醚选择氧化制取甲缩醛的反应活性。实验结果表明，催化剂的催化活性顺序为Mn-Cl2H4SiW12O40/SiO2>Mn(NO3)2H4SiW12O40/SiO2>MnSO4H4SiW12O40/SiO2>Mn(AC)2H4SiW12O40/SiO2。并进一步考察了反应温度对不同锰盐前驱体催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，随温度的升高，硫酸锰修饰的H4SiW12O40/SiO2 催化剂催化氧化比较剧烈，在613K时二甲醚转化率高达42.4%，但此时甲缩醛选择性仅为0.9%。采用氯化锰修饰的H4SiW12O40/SiO2催化剂，二甲醚催化氧化反应较缓和，并且甲缩醛的选择性明显高于分别采用硫酸锰、醋酸锰和硝酸锰改性的催化剂，在593K反应1h时，二甲醚转化率为8.6%，甲缩醛选择性达到37.5%。H2-TPR结果显示，硫酸锰改性的催化剂高温氧化性能明显强于另外三种催化剂，氯化锰的修饰使得催化剂的低温氧化性能变强。XRD结果表明，MnCl2 H4SiW12O40/SiO2催化剂的衍射特征峰明显强于其他三种催化剂，并且发现了MnO2衍射特征峰。     

光纤氧传感器的研制及对溶解氧的测定

１　引　言 基于荧光熄灭的光纤氧传感器在环保、工业、医药、生化等领域有着广泛的应用前景。水中溶解氧的浓度是水质监测的一项重要指标,经典测定方法为碘量法。本文用自行合成的荧光试剂研制了光纤氧传感器,考察了增塑剂对膜响应特性的影响以及传感器的工作条件和干扰情况,同时对不同样品的溶解氧进行了测定,并与碘量法的测定结果进行了对比,经配对ｔ检验,结果无显著性差异。２　实验与结果２．１仪器和试剂　ＲＦ－５０００荧光分光光度计（日本岛津公司）,双臂石英光纤束（北京玻璃研究院加工）,ＬＭ－１型测氧仪（中国科学院…     

碘-淀粉光度法测定水中溶解氧含量

根据碘与淀粉反应生成蓝色络合物以及此络合物在574 nm波长处有吸收峰,提出了水样中溶解氧的光度测定法.为固定样品中的溶解氧,于碱性介质中加入硫酸锰与之形成三氧化二锰沉淀物.测定时加入硫酸使与沉淀物反应而释出所固定的氧,并立即与同时由溶液中已加入的碘化钾与硫酸反应而释出碘而使溶液中呈现蓝色.用光度法在574 nm波长处测得其吸光度.从由碘酸钾标准溶液作为溶解氧标准所制作的标准曲线上查得试样中溶解氧的含量,对显色的条件作了系统试验并选定了优化的反应条件,溶解氧的质量浓度在0.027～0.80 mg·L-1之间符合比耳定律.取3种不同来源的水样按此方法测定其溶解氧含量,所得结果与碘量法及溶解氧测定仪所测得的结果相符.     

酸量法及碘量法测定氧化葡聚糖的醛基

通过高碘酸钠氧化葡聚糖,制备不同氧化度的葡聚糖,采用酸量法和碘量法测定其醛基含量,但所得结果差异大.结合葡聚糖的氧化机理,以甘油的氧化反应结果作为对照,对借助化学滴定分析的酸量法和碘量法所得数据的差异性进行了分析.结果表明这种差异是由葡聚糖氧化存在的中间反应及其分支结构造成的,当高碘酸钠与葡聚糖的糖单元的物质的量比控制在2以内,操作简单的酸量法所得结果是可靠的.     

碘量法测定葡萄糖含量的小量化与绿色化研究与实践

碘量法是测定葡萄糖含量的常规分析方法,也是定量分析化学实验常开设的综合性实验。对传统教材中的碘量法测定葡萄糖含量实验内容进行了小量化改造,并研究了氢氧化钠用量及滴加速度、反应温度、放置时间、酸的用量、滴定震荡速度及淀粉加入时刻等影响因素对碘量法测定葡萄糖含量的影响。实验结果表明,小量化滴定能够达到常量滴定分析要求的精密度与准确度,可大幅度降低实验消耗、节省实验经费80%以上,使学生树立绿色化学思想和环境保护意识,全面提高人才的培养质量和效益。     

化学反应活化能测定实验

通过测定反应温度和碘化钾浓度对反应速率的影响计算活化能,根据公式推导结果消除了试剂浓度对实验结果的影响。用Origin软件对实验数据进行拟合,从图形中得到反应速率、反应浓度、反应温度和活化能的直观对应关系。改进后的实验由单纯的验证性实验变成了自主设计综合性实验。     

IO_3~--I~--吖啶红-聚乙烯醇体系分光光度法测定环境水样中溶解氧

1 引言 溶解氧(Dissolved oxygen,DO)是指溶解于水中的分子态氧,是环保、油田井下注水、工业锅炉用水、生物养殖用水和科研用水的重要检测指标之一.目前,测定溶解氧常用的方法有碘量法(即Winkler法)、氧电极法、水相化学发光法和分光光度法等.本方法依据碘量法中可以析出与溶解氧相当的I_2,利用I_3~-与吖啶红(AR)在H_2SO_4-聚乙烯醇(PVA)介质中反应生成离子缔合物,采用光度法测定水体中溶解氧,本方法以基准物KIO_3为溶解氧标准溶液,灵敏度高,克服了原有碘量法中Na_2S2O_3为溶解氧标准溶液不稳定的不足.由于试剂便宜易得,无污染,适用于大批试样的测定.     

碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢溶液浓度的改进

研究了用碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢浓度时，试剂的加入顺序和放置时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明，在用碘量滴定法测定过氧化氢浓度的过程中，酸化条件下，I^-与H2O2反应的最佳时间为5～10min。与高锰酸钾氧化法相比，碘量法测定效果较好一些。     

格氏反应制备醇实验的改进

对有机化学必修实验“格氏反应制备醇”进行了研究。采用四氢呋喃(THF) 替代无水乙醚做反应溶剂,对教材中实验的试剂无水处理、反应的引发、试剂的用量、反应的后处理、产品的重结晶及用薄层色谱(TLC)检测产品纯度等进行了探讨和改进。结果表明,在THF中进行格氏反应制备三苯甲醇,实验现象明显,产率较高,降低了实验成本,全面提高了学生综合实验能力。     

硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中的锰含量

研究了高氯酸氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中锰含量的主要影响因素。采用磷酸分解试样,通过控制试样质量和磷酸用量的比例,优化确定了最佳溶样温度和溶样时间,探讨了放置冷却时间对测定结果的影响程度,分析了共存离子的干扰。建立了硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中的锰含量的方法,方法用于对锰渣标准物质和样品进行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.21%～0.35%,准确度和精密度均能满足锰渣中锰含量的分析要求。     

氯化银比浊法测定镍钴锰三元素氢氧化物中氯离子

建立了氯化银比浊法测定镍钴锰三元素氢氧化物中氯离子含量的测定方法。选择了合适的测定波长,并对硝酸用量、沉淀剂用量、稳定时间对测定结果的影响进行了试验,确定了较优的分析条件。样品加标回收率在95%~103.3%,氯离子浓度在0~4μg/mL与浊度值有良好线性关系。方法为控制镍钴锰三元素氢氧化物中氯离子提供了检测依据。     

Determination of hydrogen peroxide by thallium(III) in the presence of iron(II)

A method for estimating hydrogen peroxide by oxidation with excess of thallium(III) in the presence of iron(II) and iodometric determination of excess of thallium(III) is described. Nitrate, sulphate, manganese(II) and copper(II) have no effect. Chloride interferes.     

Use of constrained DET probe for a high-resolution determination of metals and anions distribution in the sediment pore water

The constrained DET (diffusive equilibrium in thin films) probe filled with agarose gel was successfully used for measuring depth profiles of metals and anions in estuarine sediments at high-resolution (mm). The agarose gel was tested for equilibration times and recoveries. For manganese (10 mg l(-1)), the equilibration time between an aqueous solution and the agarose gel was reached after 60 min. In the presence of humic acids it was five times longer. As a consequence, for field applications a deployment time of 5-24 h was applied. The subsequent elution of manganese into nitric acid was completed in less than 10 min even without mixing. For agarose gel in contact with solutions of 10 mg l(-1) ions (cadmium, copper and manganese, bromide, chloride, nitrate and sulfate), recoveries obtained were close to 100%. DET probes were applied in test laboratory sediment and in real sediment in the Authie (France) estuary. Depth profiles for 19 elements (Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) and four anions (bromide, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) were established for the test laboratory sediment. In the real sediment, the pore water concentrations of iron and manganese using gel probes were comparable with those obtained by a conventional method (box core-anoxic slicing followed by centrifugation).     

Kinetic fluorimetric determination of organic peroxides and lipohydroperoxides at the nanomole level

A new kinetic fluorimetric method for determination of cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and lipohydroperoxides is reported. It is based on the manganese(II)-catalysed oxidation of 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HNTS) by a hydroperoxide. Measurements are made by the initial-rate method, which allows determination of as little as 0.1 nmole of peroxide and also permits establishment of the differences in reactivity between the hydroperoxides assayed. The method has been applied to the determination of lipohydroperoxides in six commercial oil samples (grape, corn, sunflower seed, cod-liver and linseed). The results obtained can be expressed as meq of peroxide per kg of oil, and are in close agreement with those obtained by the classical iodometric method.     

Oxidimetric determination of thiourea, thiosulphate and sulphite with thallic perchlorate in acid medium

Conditions have been established for the titrimetric estimation of thiourea, thiosulphate and sulphite with thallic perchlorate, with visual end-points, in perchloric and sulphuric acid medium. In the direct determination, chloride and bromide interfere. In the indirect iodometric determination. Cu(2+) and Fe(2+) interfere, but chloride and bromide do not.     

The oxidation of organic substances with compounds of trivalent manganese: XXII. The oxidation of glyceraldehyde with manganese(III) sulfate

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde with manganese(III) sulfate was studied. The reaction stoichiometry was found and a procedure for an indirect determination of 5–17 mg of the test substance has been proposed. The recommended procedure is based on the oxidation of glyceraldehyde with the reagent, the excess of which is back-titrated with standard solution of ferrous sulfate.     

A sensitive rutin assay using a simple probe manganese sulfate based on its novel resonance light scattering decrease phenomenon

A novel resonance light scattering (RLS) decrease method was developed to determine rutin with a simple probe manganese sulfate. At pH 7.5, the strong RLS intensity of manganese sulfate was remarkably decreased by the addition of rutin with the maximum peak located at 389.0 nm. Under the optimum conditions, a good linear relationship between the changes of RLS intensities of manganese sulfate with and without rutin and the concentrations of rutin was obtained over the range of 0.49-24.4 microg ml(-1) and a low detection limit (3sigma) 0.42 microg ml(-1) was achieved in the mean time. Based on this approach, a novel method for quantitative analysis of rutin is proposed in this paper. The method proposed was also applied successfully to the determination of rutin in commercial pharmaceutical preparations of compound rutin tablets and human urine samples. The assay is sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, practical and relatively free from interference generated by coexisting substances.     

Substoichiometric determination of manganese by neutron-activation analysis

A simple and rapid method for the substoichiometric determination of traces of manganese in various materials by neutron-activation analysis has been developed. After dissolution of the irradiated test sample, manganese(II) carrier is added and subsequently oxidised by peroxodisulphate to the heptavalent state. The permanganate thus formed is finally extracted into chloroform as tetraphenylarsonium permanganate using a substoichiometric amount of tetraphenylarsonium chloride. This single separation step isolates radiochemically pure manganese-56 in the analysis of a relatively simple material in which interfering elements (gold, rhenium, etc.) are absent. When this is not true, a preliminary separation of manganese from the irradiated sample, based on the extraction of manganese diethyldithio-carbamate into chloroform and followed by stripping of the manganese with dilute sulphuric acid, must be used. A simultaneously irradiated standard containing manganese must be treated in exactly the same way as a test sample. In the materials analysed by the new method 10(-5) to 10(-3)% of manganese has been determined.     

Über die existenz und theorie der elektromeren formen des chlorcyans : Ein beitrag zur theorie der jodometrischen bromidbestimmung über bromcyan

It has been observed that in E. Schulek's method for the iodometric determination of bromide via BrCN, ClCN is formed depending on the temperature and the pH. The yellow colour of the latter, and also its ability to oxidize iodide, disappear after a short while. Reaction-kinetic experiments have shown that the formation of yellow cyanogen chloride and its reaction with iodide ion is to be considered as a monomolecular collision reaction. Yellow cyanogen chloride represents the hitherto not observable “electromeric” form of CICN in which the chlorine has a certain amount of positive charge (Cl+O-CN).