交联聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/(海藻酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺))半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及其溶胀性能

将线性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)和海藻酸钠(SA)分子同时引入到PNIPAAm凝胶中,制备了交联聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/(海藻酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺))半互穿网络(Cr-PNIPAAm/(SA/PNIPAAm)semi-IPN)水凝胶。在弱碱性条件下(pH=7.4),改变SA与线性PNIPAAm的质量比对Cr-PNIPAAm/(SA/PNIPAAm)semi-IPN水凝胶的溶胀度没有太大的影响。在酸性条件下(pH=1.0),其溶胀度随着SA与线性PNIPAAm质量比的减小而增大。由于亲水性SA与线性PNIPAAm的协同作用,Cr-PNIPAAm/(SA/PNIPAAm)semi-IPN水凝胶的消溶胀速率得到很大提高。     

海藻酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及性能研究

由海藻酸钠(SA)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)制得的半互穿网络水凝胶具有温度及pH敏感特性。在酸性(pH=1.3)和弱碱性条件(pH=7．4)下，研究了温度对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，该凝胶溶胀度均随着温度的提高而下降，但在pH=1．3时，溶胀度小于PNIPAAm水凝胶的；在pH=7．4时，结果正好相反。在25℃和37℃的条件下，分别考察pH对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，在25℃时该凝胶有良好的pH敏感性，而在37℃时，敏感性不明显。同时也发现该凝胶对pH、温度的脉冲刺激有较快的响应性。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,京尼平(GP)为交联剂,制备具有pH敏感性的CMC/SA半互穿网络(semi-IPN)水凝胶.利用特性黏数、红外光谱对CMC/SA水凝胶的半互穿网络结构及形成机理进行了分析与表征;对水凝胶的力学性能进行了测试;探讨了pH值及交联剂含量对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响.结果表明,京尼平交联的CMC/SA水凝胶具有半互穿网络结构.当w(CMC)∶w(SA)=5∶5时,CMC/SA水凝胶的断裂强度达到最大值(59 MPa),分别比纯的CMC(40 MPa)和SA(36 MPa)提高了47.5%和63.9%;当SA含量为60%时,CMC/SA水凝胶的断裂伸长率达到最大值(13.0%).当pH3.0时,溶胀率随pH值的增大而减小,pH=3.0时,溶胀率最小(186%);当pH3.0时,溶胀率随pH值的增大而增大,pH=9.0时,溶胀率最大(886%).京尼平交联的CMC/SA半互穿网络水凝胶具有明显的pH敏感性、溶胀可逆性及对pH的快速响应性.     

麦饭石含量对载药复合凝胶小球释药性能的影响

以瓜尔胶-g-聚丙烯酸/麦饭石复合水凝胶(GG-g-PAA/MS)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,双氯芬酸钠(DS)为模拟药物,采用离子凝胶法制备了载药复合凝胶小球,考察了pH敏感性以及MS含量对复合凝胶小球的包封率、载药率、溶胀性和药物释放行为的影响.结果表明:凝胶小球具有明显的pH敏感性,在不同pH介质中溶胀率和释放速率...     

快速pH响应丝胶/聚甲基丙烯酸互穿网络水凝胶的合成及表征

采用同步互穿网络方法制备丝胶蛋白(SS)/聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)为组分的互穿网络(IPN)水凝胶. 研究了互穿网络水凝胶对介质pH的刺激响应性能. 结果表明, IPN水凝胶具有强烈的pH刺激响应性能. 在pH=9.2的缓冲溶液中, -COOH解离成 -COO^-, 渗透压与网络之间的静电排斥作用导致IPN的溶胀度增大; 当pH减小时, 溶胀度随之减小. IPN水凝胶具有快速退溶胀速率及可逆溶胀-收缩性能.     

温度/pH敏感性接枝共聚物水凝胶P(DMAEMA-g-NIPAM)的 合成及性质研究

利用大分子单体技术, 采用自由基溶液聚合合成了温度/pH敏感性聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯接枝聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺[P(DMAEMA-g-NIPAM)]水凝胶. 用红外光谱及扫描电镜对凝胶的组成及形貌进行了表征. 凝胶的去溶胀和溶胀动力学研究表明, 所合成的凝胶具有温度和pH敏感性. 与传统的聚丙烯酸系水凝胶相比, P(DMAEMA-g- NIPAM)具有相反的pH敏感性; P(DMAEMA-g-NIPAM)凝胶在55 ℃时具有较快的去溶胀速率, 随着凝胶中接枝链PNIPAM量的增加, 凝胶的去溶胀速率加快.     

聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠互穿网络水凝胶结构与性能研究

采用天然高分子海藻酸钠(SA)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合,通过化学交联法制备PVA/SA互穿网络水凝胶。SA的加入减弱了PVA分子间的氢键作用,而随SA含量增加,SA分子与PVA分子间的氢键作用增强。同时凝胶网络由致密变得疏松,网孔增大,出现微相分离的"核壳"结构。由于交联后的SA与PVA分子的Tg较接近,水凝胶仅有一个Tg,两相仍为部分相容。应变及频率扫描曲线中低应变区的储能模量远大于损耗模量,其网络松弛因子n值接近0,证明该凝胶具有较完整的网络结构,并表现为弹性。适量的SA可提高凝胶的力学及溶胀性能。     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺互穿网络水凝胶的制备与性能

采用分步法用电子加速器辐射合成了聚丙烯酰胺(PAAm)/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)互穿网络水凝胶,并考察了温度、pH值、离子强度对其溶胀性能的影响.研究表明:互穿水凝胶具有温度敏感性,且其体积相变与互穿网络中PAAm和PNIPAAm含量有关,随着网络中PAAm含量的增加水凝胶的体积相变趋于平缓,可以通过改变PAAm和PNIPAAm的组成比来控制水凝胶的体积相变行为.此外,互穿水凝胶还具有pH敏感性和一定的抗盐性.     

辐射交联制备改性CMC水凝胶的溶胀行为研究

利用丙烯酰胺 (AAm)接枝改性纤维素 ,然后进行羧甲基化反应得到高取代度的丙烯酰胺 羧甲基纤维素钠 (AAm CMC Na) .对该材料进行γ射线辐照制备出新型改性CMC水凝胶 .研究了这种水凝胶的溶胀动力学、交联动力学以及温度、pH值和无机盐浓度对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响 ,并与CMC Na水凝胶进行了比较 .结果表明 ,该水凝胶和CMC Na水凝胶相比 ,优点在于辐照交联所用的剂量下降 ,而且所需的CMC浓度减少 .AAm CMC Na水凝胶的溶胀度随温度升高而增大 ,在pH为 6～ 8范围内达到最大值 ,并随无机盐浓度与吸收剂量增加而下降 ,表现出较好的温度敏感性和pH敏感性 ,可望作为吸水材料和水保持剂     

温度与pH快速响应性P(NIPAM-co-AAc)水凝胶的制备及其性能

以氯化钠水溶液作为反应介质,成功制备了温度与pH快速响应性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸)[P(NIPAM-co-AAc)]水凝胶,研究了氯化钠水溶液的浓度对凝胶性能的影响.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、测溶胀比对凝胶性能进行了表征.结果表明:凝胶具有相同的化学组成与结构,但具有不同的微观形态;随着反应介质中氯化钠浓度的增加,凝胶在20℃蒸馏水中的平衡溶胀比增大,并表现出较强的温度与pH敏感性以及较快的去溶胀速率.     

Rapid deswelling of sodium alginate/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels in response to temperature and pH changes

In this study, temperature-/pH-responsive semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels based on linear sodium alginate (SA) and cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared. The semi-IPN hydrogels reached an equilibrium deswelling state within 6 h in response to temperature or pH stimuli. Compared with the conventional PNIPAAm hydrogel, their dewelling rate in response to temperature was improved significantly, owing to the formation of a porous structure within the hydrogels in the presence of ionized SA during the polymerization process. Moreover, the deswelling process could be well described with a first-order kinetics equation and it is possible to design any hydrogel with the desired deswelling behavior through the control of the SA content in the semi-IPN hydrogels.     

Drug release of pH/temperature-responsive calcium alginate/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) semi-IPN beads

A series of semi-interpenetrating, polymer network (semi-IPN), hydrogel beads, composed of calcium alginate (Ca-alginate) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM), were prepared for a pH/temperature-sensitive drug delivery study. The equilibrium swelling showed the independent pH- and thermo- responsive nature of the developed materials. At pH=2.1, the release amount of indomethacin incorporated into these beads was about 10% within 400 min, while this value approached to 95% at pH=7.4. The release rate of the drug was higher at 37 degrees C than that at 25 degrees C and increased slightly with increasing PNIPAAM content. These results suggest that the Ca-alginate/PNIPAAM beads have the potential to be used as an effective pH/temperature sustainable delivery system of bioactive agents. [GRAPHS: SEE TEXT] A summary of the temperature- and pH-dependence on the release of the drug over a period of 450 min. The effect of the temperature on the swelling of the beads is shown in the inset.     

PU/PNIPAM semi-IPN微孔膜温度响应性研究

将聚氨酯(PU)与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)半互穿网络聚合物(semi-IPN)通过浸入沉淀相转化方法制备成微孔膜,并从亲水性、吸水溶胀性以及透湿性等方面对其温度响应性进行了讨论.PNIPAM的引入使膜的亲水性、吸水性和透湿性大为改善,并显著提高了膜的温度响应能力;但与此同时也使得膜的韧性降低.当PU/PNIPAM为3/1时,可获得最好的综合性能.同传统无孔致密膜相比,PU/PNIPAM semi-IPN微孔膜的透湿机理是基于微孔的开闭,在维持显著的温敏透湿性的同时可实现较高的高温透湿量.     

Preparation and characterization of pH- and temperature-responsive semi-IPN hydrogels of carboxymethyl chitosan with poly (<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropyl acrylamide) crosslinked by clay

A new kind of pH- and temperature-responsive semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel based on linear carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) crosslinked by inorganic clay was prepared. The pH-and temperature-responsive behaviors, the deswelling kinetics, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogel were investigated. The hydrogels exhibited a volume phase transition temperature around 33 °C with no significant deviation from the conventional PNIPA hydrogels. The results of the influence of pH value on the swelling behaviors showed that the minimum swelling ratios of the hydrogels appeared near the isoelectric point (IEP) of CMCS, and when pH deviated from the IEP, the hydrogels behaved as polycations or polyanions. The novel hydrogels had much higher response rate than the conventional CMCS/PNIPA hydrogels. Moreover, the semi-IPN hydrogels crosslinked by clay could be elongated to more than 800% and the elongation could be recovered almost completely and instantaneously.     

Preparation and release profiles of pH/temperature-responsive carboxymethyl chitosan/P(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) semi-IPN amphoteric hydrogel

Thermo- and pH-responsive semi-IPN polyampholyte hydrogels were prepared by using carboxymethyl chitosan and P(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) with N N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as crosslinking agent. It was found that the semi-IPN hydrogel shrunk most at the isoelectric point (IEP) and swelled when pH deviated from the IEP. Its swelling ratio dramatically decreased between 30 and 50 °C at pH 6.8 buffer solution. It also showed good reversibility. The UV results showed that when the pH values of drug release medium were 3.7, 6.8, and 9 at 25 °C, the cumulative release rates reached 83.1, 51.5, and 72.2%, respectively. The release rate of coenzyme A (CoA) was higher at 50 °C than 37 and 25 °C at pH 6.8 solution. The release rate decreased with increasing the content of carboxymethyl chitosan at 25 °C in pH 6.8 solution. The results showed that semi-IPN hydrogel seems to be of great promise in pH/temperature drug delivery systems.     

羧甲基纤维素钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)纳米复合水凝胶的制备及结构性能表征

以无机粘土为交联剂制备了具有温度、pH双重敏感特性的羧甲基纤维素钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/粘土半互穿网络纳米复合水凝胶(CMC/PNIPA/Clay semi-IPN),并通过红外和透射电镜对其结构和形态进行了表征。在酸性(pH=1.2)和20℃条件下,分别研究了温度和不同pH缓冲液对该凝胶溶胀度的影响,测定了复合水凝胶的力学性能。结果表明:水凝胶中的粘土被剥离成单片层,且均匀分散在凝胶网络中,起交联剂的作用,而CMC以线性大分子的形态存在;CMC/PNIPA/Clay具有良好的温度、pH双重敏感特性;凝胶的断裂伸长率>1 000%。     

Efficient Adsorption and Recovery of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by a Granular pH-Sensitive Chitosan-based Semi-IPN Hydrogel

A series of granular pH-sensitive semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels based on chitosan (CTS), acrylic acid (AA) and gelatine (GE) were utilized for the adsorption and recycle of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The composite hydrogels have been characterized by FT-IR and TGA. The effects of contact time, pH value and initial Pb(II) concentration on the adsorption were investigated. Results indicated that the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel increased with increasing pH value and initial Pb(II) concentration, and a pH-sensitive adsorption characteristic was presented. The adsorption rate of the semi-IPN hydrogels on Pb(II) is fast with an adsorption rate constant of 14.9790 mg/(g·s), and adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 10 min. The adsorption isotherms of the hydrogels for Pb(II) could be described well by the Langmuir equation, rather than the Freundlich equation. The as-prepared hydrogels showed good reusability with 0.05 mol/l HNO₃ solutions as the desorbing agent and 0.1 mol/l NaOH solutions as the regeneration agent, respectively. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption processes, the semi-IPN hydrogel with 20 wt% GE may reach 85.26% of its initial adsorption capacity. In addition, the adsorbed Pb(II) can be quantitatively recovered by simply eluting the hydrogel with dilute HNO₃ solution, and a recovery ratio of 89.27% was reached for the semi-IPN hydrogel. The satisfactory adsorption amount is mainly derived from the chelating of functional groups (i.e. –COO^? and –NH₂) with Pb(II) ions. The hydrogel adsorbents exhibited excellent affinity for Pb(II), and can be applied to treat wastewater containing heavy metal ion and simultaneously recover the valuable metal sources.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with rapid response to temperature changes

A series of thermosensitive and fast-response poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels were prepared by incorporating PVA into cross-linked PNIPA to form a semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPN). Compared to the conventional PNIPA hydrogel, the semi-IPN hydrogels thus prepared exhibit significantly faster response rates and undergo full deswelling in 1 min (lose about 95% water within 1 min) when the temperature is raised above their lower critical solution temperature, and have larger equilibrium swelling ratios at room temperature. These improved properties are attributed to the incorporation of PVA, which forms water-releasing channels and results in increased hydrophilicity, into the PNIPA hydrogel networks.     

Effect of freeze-drying and rehydrating treatment on the thermo-responsive characteristics of poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide) microspheres

Investigations on the effect of freeze-drying and rehydrating treatment on equilibrium volume changes and on the thermo-response rate of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microspheres were carried out. The experimental results showed that freeze-drying and rehydrating treatment had nearly no effect on the low critical solution temperature and equilibrium volume changes of PNIPAM microspheres. Furthermore, when the PNIPAM microspheres were frozen in only liquid nitrogen through rapid cooling, the response rate of PNIPAM microspheres to environmental temperature change was nearly not affected by the treatment, which was surprisingly different from the macroscopic hydrogel. The dimension effect was responsible for this phenomenon. The micron-sized PNIPAM microsphere itself has a much quicker response rate compared with the bulky hydrogel because the characteristic time of gel deswelling is proportional to the square of a linear dimension of the hydrogel.