水溶性AM/AA/AOCA/DANA四元共聚物驱油剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM),丙烯酸(AA),N,N-二烯丙基-3-吡啶甲酰胺(DANA)和N-烯丙基辛酰胺(AOCA)为单体,采用过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠((NH_4)_2S_2O_8-NaHSO_3)氧化还原引发体系合成了一种新型水溶性四元共聚物AM/AA/AOCA/DANA。确定了最佳反应条件:m(AM)/m(AA)=6:4、DANA=0.16 wt%,AOCA=0.15wt%、pH值7、引发剂0.3 wt%、单体浓度20 wt%、聚合温度50℃。通过红外、核磁氢谱、环境扫描电镜以及特性粘数对AM/AA/AOCA/DANA进行了结构表征。该聚合物较部分水解聚丙烯酰胺相比具有明显的抗温(100℃,粘度保留率:31.55%)抗剪切(1000 s~(-1),粘度保留率:32.31%)以及抗盐性能(11000 mg·L~(-1)NaCl,粘度保留率:41.77%;1500 mg·L~(-1)MgCl_2,粘度保留率:39.83%;1500 mg·L~(-1)CaCl_2,粘度保留率:34.81%;);驱油实验表明该聚合物较水驱相比能够提高原油采收率达12.04%。     

AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS两性离子共聚物的合成及表征

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N-烯丙基苯乙酰胺(NAPA)及N-甲基-N-烯丙基吗啉溴盐(NMQS)为原料,氧化还原体系下合成了一种水溶性两性离子共聚物AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS。最佳反应条件为:m(AM):m(AA)=4.0:6.0,NAPA 0.3 wt%,NMQS 0.15 wt%,引发剂0.1 wt%,pH=6,反应温度35℃,单体总浓度25wt%。对AM/AA/NAPA/NMQS四元共聚物进行了IR、1H NMR、SEM、特性粘数表征。当NaCl浓度为12000mg·L-1,CaCl2或MgCl2浓度为1200 mg·L-1时,溶液黏度保留率分别为13.7%、11.8%和12.7%;温度120℃时,溶液黏度保留率达到30.9%;当剪切速率在170 s-1时,溶液黏度保留率为24.6%。     

一种含β-环糊精和孪尾疏水结构的聚合物驱油剂的制备与溶液性能

以丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、2-O-(烯丙基氧基-2-羟基丙基)-β-环糊精和N-烯丙基-N-十二烷基油酰胺为主要原料,制备一种含大位阻和孪尾疏水基团的新型共聚物驱油剂。该驱油剂表现出较好的增粘(2000 mg·L-1的驱油剂溶液表观粘度可达670.1 m Pa·s)、耐温(80℃下粘度保留率为93.70%)、抗盐(20000 mg·L-1的Na Cl、2000 mg·L-1的Ca Cl2或2000 mg·L-1的Mg Cl2下,溶液的粘度保留率分别为37.80%、35.14%或33.69%)及抗剪切(1000 s-1时,粘度保留率为7.69%)性能。在总矿化度为9964 mg·L-1、温度为70℃时,2000 mg·L-1的共聚物溶液能建立RF和RRF分别为14.39和5.58,可提高模拟原油的采收率达14.87%。     

一种咪唑啉结构疏水缔合聚合物合成与溶液性质

通过自由基胶束共聚法,在氧化还原引发体系下以丙烯酰胺(AM),丙烯酸钠(Na AA),二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)及1-(2-N-烯丙基氨乙基)-2-油酸基咪唑啉(NIPA)共聚合成了一种含咪唑啉结构的缔合聚合物。考察了单体配比、p H及引发剂浓度等条件对聚合反应的影响。通过FT-IR、1H NMR分析对聚合物进行了结构表征。实验发现:该聚合物具有较好的耐温性、抗剪切及抗盐性能(120oC:其粘度保留率达28.12%;1000 s-1:其粘度保留率达16.74%;16000 mg/L的Na Cl:粘度保留率为25.99%;2600 mg/L1的Mg Cl2:粘度保留率为22.48%;2600 mg/L的Ca Cl2:粘度保留率为18.10%)。在室内模拟岩芯驱替实验中,该聚合物可提高采收率16.65%。     

水溶性驱油剂AM/AA/NVP/EDMA的合成及性能

由乙二胺和马来酸酐制备了新型树枝状功能单体(EDMA),在此基础上由丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)和EDMA合成了新型树枝状水溶性四元共聚物AM/AA/NVP/EDMA。通过红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱对AM/AA/NVP/EDMA四元共聚物进行了表征。探讨了共聚物的粘浓关系和耐温、抗剪切性能和提高采收率能力。结果表明,在相同质量浓度下共聚物的增粘效应远大于HPAM;在90℃的高温条件下,5000mg·L-1的共聚物溶液的粘度为881.0 mPa·s;经过500s-1的高剪切速率剪切2min后溶液粘度为807.0mPa·s;岩心驱替实验表明在70℃下,注入0.3PV 1500 mg·L-1共聚物溶液后转注水至含水率为98%,提高采收率为17.7%。     

含环糊精结构四元共聚物驱油剂的制备及性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二烯丙基胺甲磺酸钠(SDMS)、6-O-烯丙基-β-环糊精(DPTD)为原料,合成了一种新型四元共聚物AA/AM/SDMS/DPTD。确立了该聚合物的最佳合成条件,通过红外光谱(IR)对该聚合物结构进行了表征。该聚合物具有较好的抗温、抗盐、流变性能:在120℃时,2 000 mg·L~(-1)的聚合物溶液的黏度保留率为58.8%;在10 000 mg·L~(-1)的NaCl浓度下,聚合物溶液粘度保留率达到10.6%;在1 000s~(-1)的剪切速率条件下,2 000 mg·L~(-1)的聚合物溶液的黏度保留率可以达到10.2%。通过室内模拟岩芯驱替实验表明,该聚合物能够将模拟原油采收率提高12.1%。     

一种聚合物Mannich碱驱油剂的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(AM/HMAM)、甲醛和二甲胺为主要原料,制备了一种聚合物Mannich碱驱油剂。通过红外以及特性粘数对该Mannich碱进行了结构表征。该Mannich碱具有较好的耐温抗盐能力:105℃时,粘度保留率为60.42%;ρ(NaCl)=8 000 mg·L-1时,粘度保留率为50.07%。岩芯驱替实验表明该Mannich碱能建立较好的阻力系数(16.0)和残余阻力系数(4.2),并能提高模拟原油采收率12.92%。     

一种超支化疏水缔合聚合物的制备与性能评价

首先制备了疏水单体2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸,在此基础上又以改性Si O2功能单体为反应核制备了超支化疏水缔合聚合物(HBPAM),结构经红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征证实。HBPAM在低浓度时主要是分子内缔合,表观黏度低,随着浓度的增加,分子内缔合逐渐变为分子间缔合,又因其独特的三维立体网状结构,溶液黏度显著增加。与梳形KYPAM相比,HBPAM在耐温抗盐及抗剪切方面有较高的优势:升温到85℃时黏度保留率为62.2%;100000mg·L-1Na Cl、150000 mg·L-1Na Cl、500 mg·L-1Mg Cl2、1000 mg·L-1Mg Cl2、500 mg·L-1Ca Cl2、1000 mg·L-1Ca Cl2时的黏度保留率分别为233.0%、132.9%、64.4%、26.1%、66.2%、15.7%;3400rpm/min剪切30s后HBPAM的黏度保留率为69.8%,比KYPAM高10.9%。在60℃烘箱中的30d老化实验证明,HBPAM比KYPAM有明显抗老化能力,尤其是在高矿化度条件下优势更明显。     

油醇系浓缩缔合聚合物压裂液增稠剂的合成及其性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM),2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPSNa)和甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯(MPA)为单体[n(AM)∶n(AMPSNa)∶n(MPA)=35∶4.5∶0.5],0.1%过硫酸钾/亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,于35℃聚合4 h合成了一种疏水缔合聚合物型压裂液增稠剂(AF),其形貌和增稠性能经TEM和流变仪表征。结果表明:AF在水溶液中可形成密集的空间网络结构;CACAF为1 200 mg·L-1。以白油为外相,甲醇为内相,AF为增稠剂,制备了油醇浓缩缔合聚合物压裂液增稠剂CAF,其性能经流变仪和表面张力仪表征。结果表明:0.65%CAF于140℃/170 s-1剪切1 h,表观黏度为77.1 m Pa·s,高温抗剪切性较好;于95℃破胶3 h,破胶液表观黏度,表面张力和残渣含量分别为1.32 m Pa·s,26.9 m N·m-1和25.8 mg·L-1,破胶返排性较好。     

亚硫酸酯盐型共聚物的合成及性能研究

以2-(3-甲基丙烯酰胺丙基二甲氨基)乙基亚硫酸内盐(MAPES)和双烯丙基十二烷基苯磺酰胺(DDBSA)为功能单体,在(NH_4)_2S_2O_8-NaHSO_3引发体系下改性部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)制备了一种水溶性亚硫酸内盐型两性离子聚合物驱油剂AM/AA/MAPES/DDBSA。通过黏弹性、耐温抗盐抗剪切等流变测试以及室内模拟岩心驱替实验研究了两性离子聚合物提高采收率的能力,结果表明了在同等条件下,0.2 wt%亚硫酸内盐型共聚物溶液比部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)具有更好的增黏性(845.3 m Pa.s)、抗剪切性(1000 s~(-1),94.2 m Pa·s)、耐温性(100℃,94.8 m Pa·s),抗老化性(80℃下进行10天的老化性测试,黏度保留率达到25%)以及抗盐性(NaCl:30 g·L~(-1),81.8 m Pa·s;MgCl-2和CaCl_2:3 g·L~(-1),77.4、77.9 m Pa·s)。0.2 wt%共聚物溶液在模拟油藏环境下(地层水矿化度:9374.13 mg·L~(-1),油藏温度75℃),提高采收率(EOR)达到了11.5%。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

Carbon black and propylene oxidation over Ru/CoxMgyAl2Oz catalysts

The effects of Co_xMg_yAl₂O_z mixed oxides composition and ruthenium addition on the oxidation of propylene and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Different reactive cobalt and ruthenium oxide species were formed following calcination at 600 °C. The addition of ruthenium was beneficial for the CB oxidation under “loose contact” conditions and for propylene oxidation when the cobalt content was intermediate to low. The calculated activation energy for CB oxidation was decreased from 151 kJ mol⁻¹ for the uncatalyzed reaction to 111 kJ mol⁻¹ over the best catalyst.     

Structure refinement, dielectric, pyroelectric and Raman characterizations of Ba1−xLax(1−y)/2Euxy/2Nax/2TiO3 solid solution

The perovskite-type oxides Ba_1−xLa_x(1−y)/2Eu_xy/2Na_x/2TiO₃ (0?x?0.5 and xy=0.04) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction as well as dielectric measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of these ceramics has been determined by the Rietveld refinement powder X-ray diffraction data at room temperature. These compounds crystallize at room temperature in tetragonal space group P4mm for 0?x?0.1 and in the cubic group for 0.2?x?0.5. The phase transition temperature T_C (or T_m) decreases as x content increases. The degree of diffuseness of the phase transition is more pronounced for higher x content, implying the existence of a composition-induced diffuse phase transition of the ceramics with x?0.1. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of various compositions at room temperature. The polarization state was checked by pyroelectric measurements.