一种生态友好粉煤灰基地质聚合物的合成及光催化性能

以乌洛托品为孔形成剂,制备出孔结构可调控的粉煤灰基地质聚合物;通过半导体耦合设计,合成出In₂O₃和NiO双负载粉煤灰基地质聚合物催化剂;采用XRF、TGA/DSC、FESEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis等对催化剂的组成、结构及性能进行表征,考查了该催化剂体系对模拟印染废水的光催化降解活性、降解机理及反应动力学。结果表明：孔形成剂的掺入能够显著地改善地质聚合物的孔结构,调变BET比表面积及介孔体积;双负载5% In₂O₃及1% NiO的粉煤灰基地质聚合物催化剂对碱性品绿染料的最高降解率（95.65%）,归因于In₂O₃与NiO形成的p-n结半导体耦合体系以及In₂O₃与PAFAG载体之间产生强相互作用,改善了光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,从而提高了光催化染料降解活性。     

In_2O_3三维纳米结构的控制合成及高效光解水产氢活性研究（英文）

开发高效、稳定光解水催化剂,对于缓解能源危机和环境污染问题具有重要意义。本工作中,通过简易水热策略制备了三维纳米结构的In_2O_3光催化剂,该光催化剂在三维结构上具有合适的自组装程度。为了研究合适的自组装程度对光催化制氢活性的影响,我们利用该催化剂在可见光和模拟太阳光下进行光催化产氢活性测试。结果发现,In_2O_3-150(水热温度为150°C样品)的光催化活性最佳,这可能是由于其在三维结构上具有合适的自组装程度,这种合适的自组装程度有利于光在催化剂内部的反射以及气体的溢出。通过光催化循环测试,In_2O_3-150表现出优异的光催化稳定性。本工作突出了控制In_2O_3三维纳米结构自组装程度的重要性,并探讨了其在可见光和模拟太阳光下制氢的性能及机理。     

常压水热法合成玉米棒状In_2O_3及其性能研究

以In(NO_3)_3·4.5H_2O和(NH_2)_2CO为原料,采用常压水热法于95℃反应22 h制得氧化铟(In_2O_3)前驱物氢氧化铟,于600℃煅烧2 h合成了In_2O_3粉体,其结构、形貌及性能经紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、X-射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了In_2O_3粉体的光催化活性。结果表明:In_2O_3粉体为体心立方晶系方铁锰矿结构和亚稳相刚玉六方结构的混合体,In_2O_3的UV-Vis谱图中出现了明显的蓝移。当In(NO_3)_3·4.5H_2O和(NH_2)_2CO物质的量比为1∶7时,In_2O_3粉体中出现了玉米棒状结构,棒状体长度约为500 nm,直径约150 nm;该棒状结构的In_2O_3对甲基橙有较好的光催化活性,在紫外光照射6.5 h后甲基橙的降解率为69.7%。     

空心球形In2O3/ZrO2-TiO2纳米复合材料多模式光催化

本文以聚苯乙烯(PS)胶球为模板,通过一步水浴法结合煅烧后处理制备了不同比例的In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2空心球状复合材料(简写为In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H)。通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、X-射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对该系列复合材料的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2复合材料经PS模板处理后呈现空心球状结构,球壁由纳米粒子堆积而成。将In_2O_3与ZrO_2-TiO_2复合后其光吸收性能呈现了一定的红移现象,且In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H(1∶4)的比表面积较大(66.92m~2·g~(-1))。同时,为了考察该复合材料的光催化性能,在多模式光催化条件下对甲基橙的降解情况进行了研究。结果表明,In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H(1∶4)表现出较好的光催化性能,其光催化活性高于P25、ZrO_2、In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2及其他体积比的In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H。     

CuO-NiO助催化剂对TiO2(P25)光催化活性的影响

采用简单的浸渍和化学热解的方法合成了CuO、NiO分别负载及共负载的TiO2(Degussa,P251光催化剂CuO/P25、NiO/P25和CuO-NiO/P25.通过在紫外光下催化降解甲基橙,发现单独负载CuO能提高P25的光催化降解效率,单独负载NiO却降低了P25的光催化活性,而CuO和NiO共负载的P25体系(0.5%CuO-0.1%NiO/P25)的光催化降解效率比0.5%CuO/P25、0.1%NiO/P25、P25分别提高了近8%、17%、15%.实验结果说明:CuO能够有效地分离和累积光生电子从而提高了P25的光催化活性;由于NiO的导带位置与P25不匹配而使P25的光催化效率降低;在共负载的P25体系中,CuO和NiO之间的相互作用可能产生了活性更高的Cu、Ni混合氧化物助催化剂,进而提高了P25的光催化能力.     

Ag担载介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8光催化剂的制备及其增强的可见光催化活性表征（英文）

光催化技术在环境净化方面,尤其是降解有机污染物应用上表现出潜在价值.可见光响应型光催化剂具有优异的光吸收特性和高的光催化活性,因而备受人们关注并被大量研究.Pb_3Nb_2O_8光催化剂由于其自身的稳定性以及对可见光响应的能力是一种潜在的高效光催化材料.但是,有报道表明Pb_3Nb_2O_8光催化剂对可见光降解有机物活性较低,这主要归因于它较小的比表面积以及较高的电子-空穴复合率.为了解决这个问题,本文采用蒸发自组装技术制备了大比表面积的介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8,采用光沉积方式在介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8上负载了均匀分散的纳米Ag颗粒,并对不同焙烧温度、载Ag量以及进一步的热处理对光催化活性的影响作了深入研究.XRD结果表明,在400℃和500℃焙烧条件下获得的样品属于Pb_3Nb_2O_8相,600℃焙烧使得介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8发生相变.氮气吸附-脱附表征表明,升高焙烧温度使样品比表面积从最大69 m~2/g(400℃)减小到19 m~2/g(600℃).透射电子显微镜分析结果表明,所获得样品具有蠕虫状介孔孔道结构,并且Ag纳米颗粒均匀分散在介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8表面.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8的吸收边拖尾到530-550 nm,担载Ag之后光吸收发生显著变化,光吸收拓展到700 nm.光催化活性测试采用可见光催化氧化脱氢异丙醇气体至丙酮反应.结果表明,在420 nm以上可见光照射下,1 h内的光催化反应过程中,采用高温固态反应制备的Pb_3Nb_2O_8上丙酮生成速率为2.9 ppm/min,而介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8催化剂上最高可达55.5 ppm/min.介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8负载Ag之后,400℃焙烧的介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8光催化活性显著提高,降解速率达120.7 ppm/min.通过介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8和固相合成Pb_3Nb_2O_8的光催化活性对比发现,大比表面积样品的光催化活性显著提高.这可归结为大的比表面积提供了大量的催化反应活性位点,从而提高了光催化反应活性,此外介孔材料的孔壁结构为纳米结构,有利于光生电子-空穴传输到表面参加反应.担载Ag后介孔Pb_3Nb_2O_8的光催化活性进一步提高,主要是因为助催化剂Ag纳米颗粒促进了光生电子-空穴分离,延长了载流子寿命,从而提高了光催化活性.     

添加钠对低镍甲烷化催化剂结构性能的影响

用活性测试、XRD和EXAFS方法研究了一系列含Ni 6wt％、添加不同量Na助剂的γ-Al_2O_3担载Ni甲烷化催化剂的结构性能。结果表明:Ni与Al_2O_3有较强的相互作用。添加不同量的Na助剂能增强或削弱这种作用,从而影响催化剂宏观性能,Na在Al_2O_3上是高度分散的。它的影响是通过改变载体表面性能从而改变Ni的状态及其分布,Ni的分散度和Ni-Al_2O_3相互作用而完成的。适量Na可提高Ni的分散度,优化Ni-Al_2O_3相互作用,从而提高催化剂活性。过量Na则会加强Ni-Al_2O_3相互作用,或者造成NiO自身聚集形成NiO晶相,从而降低Ni利用率,使催化剂活性降低。     

孔道结构H3PW12040／TiO2的制备及其可见光光催化降解水溶性染料的性能

采用溶胶一凝胶方法制备了孔道结构复合材料H3PW12040／TiO2，采用ICP-AES，UV／DRS，^31PMAS NMR，TEM和N2吸附等技术对其组成和结构进行了表征．结果表明，催化剂中活性组分H3PW12O40的基本骨架结构未发生改变，H3PW12O40的担载量为22．29％，催化剂平均粒径为40nm，具有双孔结构，其平均微孔和介孔孔径分别为0．6l和3．06nm．考察了催化剂可见光光催化降解6种水溶性染料的性能．结果表明，6种染料均可不同程度地被降解和矿化．通过对染料中性红的光催化降解实验，比较了H3PW12040／TiO2，Degussa P-25和锐钛矿结构Ti02的可见光光催化活性，其中，H3PW12040／TiO2活性最高，且催化剂最易分离，可循环使用．     

孔道结构H3PW12O40/TiO2的制备及其可见光光催化降解水溶性染料的性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了孔道结构复合材料H3PW12O40/TiO2,采用ICP-AES,UV/DRS,31P MAS NMR,TEM和N2吸附等技术对其组成和结构进行了表征. 结果表明,催化剂中活性组分H3PW12O40的基本骨架结构未发生改变,H3PW12O40的担载量为22.29%,催化剂平均粒径为40 nm,具有双孔结构,其平均微孔和介孔孔径分别为0.61和3.06 nm. 考察了催化剂可见光光催化降解6种水溶性染料的性能. 结果表明,6种染料均可不同程度地被降解和矿化. 通过对染料中性红的光催化降解实验,比较了H3PW12O40/TiO2,Degussa P-25和锐钛矿结构TiO2的可见光光催化活性,其中,H3PW12O40/TiO2活性最高,且催化剂最易分离,可循环使用.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料

光催化氧化;负载型纳米光催化剂;负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料     

Graphene oxides as support for the synthesis of nickel sulfide–indium oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic,antibacterial and antioxidant performances

NiS (nickel sulfide)–In₂O₃ (indium oxide) nanostructures and NiS–In₂O₃ decorated on graphene oxide (GO) were demonstrated by ultrasonic/hydrothermal method. The structural study demonstrates the preparation of bixbyite and hexagonal phase of In₂O₃ and NiS for all of the synthesized catalysts. The band gap of the synthesized catalyst was determined to be in the range of 2.30–3.00 eV. A morphological evaluation by field emission scanning electron microscopy of NiS–In₂O₃ decorated on graphene oxide shows support for the NiS–In₂O₃ on the graphene oxide layer. Different test parameters were performed to study the phase and morphology. The particle sizes of the In₂O₃, NiS–In₂O₃ and NiS–In₂O₃/GO nanocomposites were 56.0, 62.0 and 66.0 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of NiS–In₂O₃/GO nanocomposites was examined for the degradation of methylene blue dye under a UV lamp. The prepared sample shows 98.25% photocatalytic degradation within 40 min and at pH 9. With the presence the NiS and GO, the photo-degradation capacities of In₂O₃ and NiS–In₂O₃ are improved owing to the low band gap being calculated in UV–vis DRS analysis. The high ratio of NiS causes the highest photocatalytic properties of NiS–In₂O₃ nanocomposites owing to the enhancement of charge separation efficiency and generation of hydroxyl radicals. This study presents a facile and low-cost method to prepare highly active NiS–In₂O₃/GO nanocomposites. The antibacterial data indicate the significant properties of NiS–In₂O₃/GO nanocomposites for this study.     

介孔氧化镍的合成、表征和在电化学电容器中的应用

以十二烷基硫酸钠为模板剂, 采用尿素为沉淀剂, 用均匀沉淀法, 适当控制尿素的水解速度, 制备具有介孔结构的氢氧化镍胶体, 在不同温度下焙烧处理得到孔分布集中的氧化镍介孔分子筛. 结果表明, 在523 K下焙烧得到的氧化镍BET比表面达到477.7 m²•g^－1. 结构表征还显示, 介孔氧化镍的孔壁为多晶结构, 其孔结构形成机理应为准反胶束模板机理. 循环伏安法表明用NiO介孔分子筛制备的电极有很好的电容性能. 与浸渍法和阴极沉淀法制得的NiO相比, 这种介孔结构的NiO能够大量用来制作电化学电容器电极, 并且保持较高的比电容量和良好的电容性能.     

In2O3/ZnO heterostructured nanotubes: electrospinning fabrication,characterization, and highly enhanced photocatalytic properties

In₂O₃/ZnO heterostructured nanotubes with cubic In₂O₃ and hexagonal ZnO were successfully synthesized via the combination of electrospinning and calcination process. The as-prepared materials are investigated by using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope techniques. The formation mechanism of In₂O₃/ZnO heterostructured nanotubes based on the kinetics of phase separation which results from the decomposition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone during the calcination process is also discussed in detail. The photocatalytic degradation tests reveal that In₂O₃/ZnO heterostructured nanotubes exhibit the highly improved photocatalytic properties compared with the single-component ZnO and In₂O₃ materials.     

Oxygen vacancies enhancing acetone-sensing performance

Cd-doped In₂O₃ was synthesized by a facile solvothermal, template-free preparation method. The phase structure and properties were characterized by various methods. The surface of Cd-doped In₂O₃ became coarse compared with that of pure In₂O₃, according to the scanning electron microscopeimages, which enhanced the ability to absorb the gas. The electron paramagnetic resonance showed that the Cd-doped In₂O₃ can generate more defects and oxygen vacancies. By measuring the gas sensitivity, the response of Cd-doped In₂O₃ was 1.6 times than that of pure In₂O₃. Thus, Cd-doped In₂O₃ can promote gas-sensing performance compared with pure In₂O₃.     

Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitive Properties of Nickel‐Cobalt Oxide Nano‐flakes Materials

Nickel‐cobalt oxide nano‐flakes materials are successfully synthesized by a facile chemical co‐precipitation method followed by a simple calcination process. The studies show that the as‐prepared nickel‐cobalt oxides with different Ni/Co ratio are composed of NiO and Co₃O₄ compounds. The Co_0.56Ni_0.44 oxide material, which exhibits a mesoporous structure with a narrow distribution of pore size from 2 to 7 nm, possesses markedly enhanced charge‐discharge properties at high current density compared with the pure NiO and pure Co₃O₄. The Co_0.56Ni_0.44 oxide electrode shows a specific capacitance value of 1227 F/g at 5 mA/cm², which is nearly three times greater than that of the pure NiO electrode at the same current density.     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Nano‐crystalline In2O3

A nano‐crystalline In₂O₃ was synthesized using calcinations methods and was used as a photocatalyst to degrade sulfan blue (SB) dye. In addition, this study addresses the conditions of the degradation and the factors that influenced the catalysis. In₂O₃ was prepared by calcining In(OH)₃ at heat ranges of 100–700 °C for 24 h. The In₂O₃ was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), an X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR‐XPS). The activities of these samples were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of SB dye. The results indicated that the In(OH)₃ that was calcined at 300 °C for 24 h had the best performance.     

Determination of low chlorine concentrations in air using semiconductor chemical sensors

Comparative studies of electophysical gas-sensitive properties of semiconductor metal oxides (NiO, WO₃, and In₂O₃) in detecting trace concentrations of chlorine in air at 250–300°C were performed. WO₃ and In₂O₃ film sensors were found to have the best sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. However, WO₃ films are characterized by a longer relaxation time (3 min) compared to In₂O₃ films, for which it is no longer than 30 s. The kinetic and steady-state relative conductivity values of In₂O₃ films as functions of the chlorine concentration in air fall on the same curve in the range 0.01–0.7 ppm. This suggests that the concentration of chlorine in air can be determined from the initial rates of the variation of the relative conductivity of films, which significantly decreases the time of analysis (from 40 to 5 s at a sensor working temperature of 300°C). Changes in air humidity in the range from 40 to 80% have no effect on the initial rates of the variation of the relative conductivity of In₂O₃ films under kinetic conditions. The mechanism of the variation of In₂O₃ film conductivity in detecting chlorine in air was discussed.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备In-Cd纳米复合氧化物及其气敏性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了In20rCdln2O4和CdO-Cdln2O4纳米复合氧化物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并对其进行了乙醇、丙酮等多种气体的气敏性能测试.结果表明Cdln2O4材料复合h12O3和CdO后显著提高了对丙酮和乙醇气体的灵敏度和选择性.     

Electrochemical and photocatalytic investigation of nickel oxide for energy storage and wastewater treatment

Nickel oxide (NiO) was synthesized via a one-step facile method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic structure of NiO. The bonding nature and surface purity were confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. NiO revealed partial spherical morphology with less particle aggregation. The optical bandgap of NiO was found to be 3.75 eV. Cyclic voltammetry revealed well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks for NiO. The charge–discharge curve exhibited specific capacitance of 184.6 F/g at current density of 0.3 A/g. NiO electrode exhibited longer cyclic stability of 93 % up to 1500 cycles. In addition, NiO + H₂O₂ revealed efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (organic pollutant) under visible-light irradiation with degradation efficiency of ~88 %. These results confirm that nanosized NiO is more suitable for dual application.