新型手性相转移催化剂的合成及其催化作用研究

以金鸡纳生物碱和2-氯甲基苯并咪唑为原料方便地合成了四种新型的手性相转移催化剂. 该类催化剂在相转移催化的二苯亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的对映选择性烷基化反应中, 可有效地催化多种卤代烃的不对称烷基化反应, 化学产率最高达85%, 对映体过量值最高达95% ee.     

季铵盐中N-手性在不对称烷基化反应中的作用研究

为了探明手性季铵盐中N-手性在不对称烷基化反应中的作用,从天然氨基酸出发合成了4个仅含C-手性的季铵盐.将它们与4个同时含有C-和N-手性的季铵盐用于催化二苯亚胺甘氨酸叔丁酯的不对称烷基化反应,通过对烷基化产物的ee值进行比较,结果表明简单的链状季铵盐中的N-手性不能对烷基化产物的ee值产生明显影响.     

季铵碱树脂催化的β-酮砜的α-碳烷基化反应研究

本文以季铵碱树脂作为聚合物固载的相转移催化剂, 在50%氢氧化钠水溶液中催化α-苯磺酰基苯乙酮(1)的α-亚甲基的烷基化反应。发现在三相催化剂存在下, 化合物1的烷基化产物与烷基化剂卤代烃的活性和反应温度有关。在非质子化溶剂HMPA存在下,50℃时发现了化合物1的α-碳和O-双烷基化的烯醇醚产物。但在100℃时只得到化合物1的分解产物苯基甲基砜而非烷基化产物。     

氨基酸合成方法研究——Ⅳ.相转移催化下N-氰甲基亚氨酸酯的烷基化反应

前文我们报道了通过 N-乙氧羰甲基亚氨酸酯的烷基化反应合成氨基酸的结果。本文研究在固-液相转移催化条件下,N-氰甲基苯甲亚氨酸酯1的烷基化反应。该反应条件温和,操作简便。烷基化产物不需分离提纯,直接水解即可得到相应的氨基酸。更具有实际意义。     

氨基酸合成方法研究(Ⅲ)——相转移催化下N-(乙氧基羰基亚甲基)亚氨酸酯的烷基化反应

在氨基酸的合成方法中,利用甘氨酸衍生物合成高级氨基酸,是引人注目的研究课题。我们考虑到N-(乙氧基羰基亚甲基)苯甲亚氨酸乙酯1a和N-(乙氧基羰基亚甲基)乙亚氨酸乙酯1b可以方便地由腈和甘氨酸酯制备,特别是由乙腈制备的1b具有原料价廉易得等优点,为此研究了固-液相转移催化条件下,1a和1b的烷基化反应,合成了一系列碳链增长的α-氨基酸。     

手性相转移催化剂的合成及其在氨基酸烷基化反应中的应用

以2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯酚为原料,经4步反应制得2,2'-二甲基-3,3'-取代基-4,4'-二甲氧基-5,5'-二叔丁基-1,1'-联苯(6a~6g);6经溴化反应制得2,2'-二溴甲基-3,3'-取代基-4,4'-二甲氧基-5,5'-二叔丁基-1,1'-联苯(7a~7g);7与(R)-(+)-N-甲基-1-(1-萘基)乙基胺经环合反应合成了7种具有联苯结构的手性相转移催化剂(9a~9g)。6f,6g,7f,7g,9f和9g为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。以N-二苯基亚甲基甘氨酸叔丁酯的不对称烷基化为探针反应,考察了9a~9g的催化活性。结果表明:在催化剂用量为1mol%时,9g的催化性能最好,产率和对映选择性分别为80%和70%。     

氨基酸合成方法研究 IV: 相转移催化下N-氰甲基亚氨酸酯的烷基化反应

研究了在固液相转移催化条件下, N-氰甲基苯甲亚氨酸酯的烷基化反应, 得到烷基化产物C-烷基化的亚氨酸酯, 烷基化产品不需进一步纯化就可水解得到α-氨基酸, 利用这一方法合成了十个α-氨基酸.     

新型金鸡纳生物碱季铵盐类手性相转移催化剂的合成及其催化活性

通过在金鸡纳衍生物的9-OH上引入苄基,合成了四种新型的手性相转移催化剂--金鸡纳生物碱季铵盐(1a～1d),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.以N-二苯亚甲基甘氨酸叔丁酯为底物考察了1的催化活性和对映选择性,最高产率69%,最佳立体选择性90%ee.     

2-取代-4(5)-烷氧基咪唑的合成

我们曾报道了N-氰甲基苯甲亚氨酸乙酯(1a)的烷基化反应、Micheal加成和与芳醛的缩合反应。本文报道碱催化下N-氰甲基亚氨酸乙酯在醇中的成环反应结果。在固-液相转移催化条件下,N-氰甲基苯甲亚氨酸乙酯(1 a)与丙烯酸甲酯反应,生成Micheal加成产物。当用乙醇钠作碱、乙醇作溶剂时,1a与丙烯酸甲酯反应没有生成Micheal     

杂化MCM-41固载催化剂的合成、表征及催化研究

用γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯混合在模板剂引导下共水解合成了有机-无机杂化的介孔分子筛MCM-41,通过与(1R,2R)-1,2-环己二胺和[RuCl2(p-cymene)]2反应,制成了固载化的不对称氢转移反应催化剂,并进行了FT-IR、XRD和N2吸附 脱附的表征.不对称氢转移催化反应结果表明,在催化还原苯乙酮成α-苯乙醇的反应中,平均转化率为6.42％,产物平均ee（对映体过量）值为12.64％,固载化催化剂与其匀相体系的催化性能相比(转化率为3.56％,ee值为33.04％),转化率更高,ee值有一定程度的降低.     

Highly enantioselective phase-transfer catalytic alkylation in the preparation of non-natural alpha-amino acids via solid phase synthesis using aldimine linker

A new Merrifield-resin-derived glycinimine tert-butyl ester (9) was prepared and applied to the enantioselective synthesis of non-natural alpha-amino acids. High enantioselectivities (86 to >99% ee) were accomplished by employing the aldimine linker under phase-transfer alkylation conditions, using 50% aqueous CsOH in toluene/chloroform (7:3) at 0 degrees C in the presence of N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-O(9)-allylcinchonidium bromide (10 mol %).     

Enantioselective synthesis of (R)- and (S)-alpha-alkylcysteines via phase-transfer catalytic alkylation

We reported efficient enantioselective synthetic methodologies for (R)-alpha-alkylcysteines and (S)-alpha-alkylcysteines. The phase-transfer catalytic alkylation of 2-phenyl-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and 2-o-biphenyl-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, in the presence of chiral catalysts (1 or 2), gave the corresponding alkylated products, which could be hydrolyzed to provide (R)-alpha-alkylcysteines (67->99% ee) and (S)-alpha-alkylcysteines (66-88% ee), respectively.     

A powerful synergistic effect for highly efficient diastereo- and enantioselective phase-transfer catalyzed conjugate additions

An efficient, catalytic, diastereo- and enantioselective conjugate addition of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester to β-aryl substituted enones was realized in the presence of 1 mol% of newly desired dinuclear N-spiro-ammonium salts, affording functionalized α-amino acid derivatives in 57-98% yields with high diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to 96.5:3.5 er).     

Highly enantioselective synthesis of (R)-alpha-alkylserines via phase-transfer catalytic alkylation of o-biphenyl-2-oxazoline-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester using cinchona-derived catalysts

[reaction: see text] A highly enantioselective synthetic method for (R)-alpha-alkylserines was developed by the phase-transfer catalytic alkylation of o-biphenyl-2-oxazoline-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (4i) using cinchona-derived phase-transfer catalyst N(1)-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-O(9)-allyl-dihydrocinchonidinium bromide (up to 96% ee).     

Cumyl ester as the C-terminal protecting group in the enantioselective alkylation of glycine benzophenone imine

Cumyl ester is an optimal C-terminal protecting group for glycine benzophenone imine in asymmetric alkylation reactions catalyzed by Cinchona chiral phase-transfer catalysts. High levels of enantioselectivity have been obtained (up to 94% ee) with this substrate, which provides an attractive alternative to the analogous tert-butyl ester. N-terminal imines and the C-terminal esters can be cleaved from alkylation products by hydrogenolysis, while maintaining acid-labile side chain protecting groups.     

Evidence of the electronic factor for the highly enantioselective catalytic efficiency of Cinchona-derived phase-transfer catalysts

[structure: see text] The Cinchona alkaloid-derived quaternary ammonium salts containing 2'-N-oxypyridine and 2'-cyanobenzene moieties were prepared and evaluated as phase-transfer catalysts in the enantioselective alkylation of glycine imine ester 1. The N-oxypyridine and cyanobenzene moieties might play an important role to form a rigid conformation by coordinating with H(2)O via hydrogen bonding leading to high enantioselectivity (97 approximately >99% ee), which provides evidence of an electronic factor for the high enantioselective catalytic efficiency in phase-transfer alkylation.     

Synthesis of New Phase-Transfer Catalysts and Their Application in Asymmetric Alkylation

Despite phase transfer catalysis (PTC) is an important and useful method in organic synthesis, asymmetric synthesis using chiral phase-transfer catalyst has not been well documented and limited number of chiral phase-transfer catalyst have been developed^[1].In 1989,O'Donnell published his pioneering work in the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids by enantioselective alkylation of a prochiral protected glycine derivative using chiral phase-transfer catalyst^[2]. Since then, several groups reported their improvements on enantioselectivity and applicability on this useful synthetic reaction^[3,4]. However, almost all of the chiral phase-transfer catalysts reported so far are the derivatives of cinchona^[5]. In this presentation, we wish to describe the design and synthesis of a new type of chiral phase-transfer catalyst based on the camphor and its application in asymmetric alkylation of tert-bntyl glycinate-benzophenone Schiff base.     

Convenient preparation of highly active phase-transfer catalyst for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α-alkyl- and α,α-dialkyl-α-amino acids: application to the short asymmetric synthesis of BIRT-377

A highly active phase-transfer catalyst was conveniently prepared from the known, easily available (S)-4,5,6,4′,5′,6′-hexamethoxybiphenyldicarboxylic acid. This catalyst exhibited the high catalytic performance (0.01-1 mol %) in the asymmetric alkylation of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester and N-(p-chlorophenylmethylene)alanine tert-butyl ester compared to the existing chiral phase-transfer catalysts, thereby allowing to realize a general and useful procedure for highly practical enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse natural and unnatural α-alkyl-α-amino acids as well as α,α-dialkyl-α-amino acids.