环氧基功能化SBA-15介孔分子筛的制备、表征及其固定化青霉素酰化酶

利用表面嫁接法和乙烯基环氧化法制备了环氧基团功能化介孔分子筛G-SBA-15和O-SBA-15,并对其结构和表面性质进行了表征.结果表明,G-SBA-15和O-SBA-15均具有良好的长程有序结构,二者环氧基团的含量分别为0.78 mmol/g和0.37 mmol/g,在O-SBA-15表面还存在一定数量的乙烯基基团.G-SBA-15和O-SBA-15用于固定青霉素酰化酶(pen ic illin G acylase,PGA),固定化酶PGA/G-SBA-15和PGA/O-SBA-15在37℃时水解青霉素G钾制备6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)的表观活性分别为1075 IU/g和1761 IU/g.PGA/G-SBA-15经4次使用后表观活性趋于稳定,经10次使用后保持其初始活性的83.7%.PGA/O-SBA-15在重复使用中,表观活性出现持续衰减,10次使用后保持其初始活性的51.6%,PGA/G-SBA-15的操作稳定性明显好于PGA/O-SBA-15.     

介孔分子筛在生物酶固定化中的应用

综述了MCM-48和SBA-15等新型介孔分子筛用生物酶固定化载体研究的新进展。介孔分子筛由于拥有巨大的比表面积(~1000m2/g)、纳米尺寸孔道(2~50m)和较大的孔容(~1.0 cm3/g),因此以分子筛为载体利用物理吸附制备的固定化酶呈现出高的催化活性,但固定化酶操作稳定性较低,在使用过程中部分酶分子发生了脱落,其原因是分子筛表面自由的硅羟基通过物理吸附或氢键作用固定酶分子。借助介孔分子筛自身的自由硅羟基在表面嫁接-COOH、-NH2、-CH=CH2等有机官能团来构筑酶固定化的微环境,改善酶分子和载体的亲和作用,提高固定化酶的活性。目前,利用有机官能团功能化介孔分子筛固定化酶是研究发展的趋势。     

环氧基修饰周期性介孔有机氧化硅对漆酶的固定化作用

以三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂, 在酸性条件下通过1,2-三乙氧基硅基乙烷(BTESE)和3-含氧缩水甘油基-丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)共水解缩聚合成环氧基修饰的周期性介孔氧化硅(PMOs), 以修饰后的PMOs为载体对漆酶进行固定化, 研究了环氧基修饰对固定化酶稳定性的影响. 通过XRD、TEM、固态NMR和N₂吸附等手段表征材料的修饰效果、孔结构以及漆酶的固定化. 结果表明, 修饰后的材料保持良好的孔结构, 环氧基的修饰有利于提高固定化酶的活力, 基于环氧基修饰PMOs的固定化酶具有较高稳定性.     

青霉素G酰化酶在含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球上的固定化（英文）

青霉素G酰化酶(PGA)是一种重要的工业生物催化剂,常用于以青霉素G为底物生产7-氨基去乙酰氧基头孢烷酸(7-ADCA)和6-氨基青霉烷酸(6-APA)等半合成β-内酰胺类抗生素.然而,PGA较差的稳定性和可重复使用性能限制了其在工业上的广泛应用.因此,将PGA固定在固体载体上是很有必要的,可以形成一种可重复使用的高性能的多相催化剂.用于生物酶固定化的良好载体应具备以下条件:(1)载体表面具有可用于与生物酶多点结合的高密度的官能团;(2)载体具有较大的比表面积以固定更多的生物酶.通常情况下,可以通过减小载体的粒径来增加其比表面积,然而,小粒径的载体很难从反应混合液中分离出来,造成固定化酶回收使用困难.为了将聚合物微球的优异固定化性能与磁性纳米粒子的独特顺磁性结合起来,我们制备了一种含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球作为PGA的固定化载体.但由于Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒具有较高的表面能,在反相悬浮聚合反应过程中容易团聚成大颗粒,从而导致制备的顺磁性聚合物微球的磁体含量、表面形貌和粒径分布存在差异.此外,Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒与聚合反应单体之间的相容性不好,使得部分磁性颗粒不能很好地包埋于聚合物微球内部,影响固定化酶的活性和操作稳定性.本文以N,N′–亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚为功能性单体,用反相悬浮聚合方法在SiO_2包覆的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒表面成功制备出含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球.用SEM,FT-IR,XRD,VSM和低温氮气吸附等手段对含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球进行了表征.研究了SiO_2对Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒的包覆和Fe_3O_4/SiO_2纳米颗粒的数量对于固定化酶的初始活性和操作稳定性的影响.SiO_2在反相悬浮聚合过程中发挥重要作用,用SiO_2对Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒进行亲水性改性,有效改善了Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒与聚合反应单体的相容性,将其引入反相悬浮聚合体系中,可以制备得到球形度好、粒径分布均匀和超顺磁性的含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球,其中当Fe_3O_4/SiO_2纳米颗粒的质量比为7.5%时制备的含环氧基团的顺磁性聚合物微球具有最好的PGA固定化性能.PGA通过其活性非必需侧链基团–氨基与顺磁性聚合物微球表面的环氧基团的共价结合来制备顺磁性固定化酶,该固定化PGA的初始活性为430 U/g(wet),在外加磁场的作用下容易回收使用,重复使用10次后可保留99%的初始活性,具有良好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,具有较好的工业应用前景.     

青霉素酰化酶在含铁MCM-41介孔分子筛上的固定化研究

制备了具有长程有序结构、孔径分布狭窄的含铁MCM-41介孔分子筛，利用直接法和共价结合法将青霉素酰化酶固定在分子筛表面。结果表明，两种方法制备的固定化酶对青霉素G水解反应的表观活性分别为782U/g和256U／g；经6次连续操作使用，二者保持初始活性的49．4％和81．2％，后者的操作稳定性好于前者。共价结合法制备的固定化酶活性较低，是由于Fe—MCM-41表面修饰后比表面积和孔径明显减小所致。     

化学气相沉积法制备Ti/HMS催化剂及甲基接枝改性

用化学气相沉积法制备了Ti/HMS介孔分子筛催化剂, 并对其进行甲基接枝改性. 用XRD、N2-吸附、ICP-AES、FTIR, UV-vis和29Si CP/MAS NMR等手段对样品进行了表征, 考察了催化剂的丙烯环氧化性能. 结果表明: 气相沉积法载钛和接枝改性减小了HMS分子筛表面的孔径和比表面, 但是分子筛的介孔特征仍然保持; 随着沉积时间的增加(0.5～2 h), 催化剂的钛含量逐渐增加, 催化活性也随之增加, 但当沉积时间超过2 h后, 钛含量和催化活性均保持不变; 接枝改性后催化剂的环氧化活性和选择性均显著提高; 气相沉积法合成Ti/HMS比水热法合成Ti-HMS具有更高的环氧化催化活性.     

含环氧基亲水性固定化青霉素酰化酶共聚载体的合成与性能研究

环氧基团可以在温和条件下与酶分子的氨基反应使其固定于载体表面.选用含有活性环氧基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和亲水性的N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)两种单体,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,甲醇水溶液作致孔剂,液体石蜡为主介质,通过反相悬浮聚合技术成功地合成了亲水性大孔GMA-NVP-MBAA三元共聚物载体(GNM).通过调节交联剂的用量和单体NVP与GMA的比例,可以调节载体的孔径、比表面积及在水中的溶胀性能.将巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶共价偶联于平均孔径为16.5nm、表面环氧基含量为0.906mmol/g的GNM共聚物载体,制成固定化酰化酶,其表观活性高达625U/g,水解青霉素G钾盐的最适宜温度为50℃,pH值为8.0.固定化酶在4℃保存40d,活性保持不变.经3次使用后,活性达到稳定值(601U/g左右),再经12次使用,活性几乎保持不变.     

介孔材料的修饰及固定青霉素酰化酶的稳定性研究

利用扩孔剂的作用合成出较大孔径(12 nm)的介孔材料SBA-15, 并进行表面氨基修饰, 以此为载体, 以戊二醛为交联剂, 对青霉素酰化酶进行组装固定, 并对固定化青霉素酰化酶(PGA)的稳定性进行了深入的研究. 实验结果表明, PGA与载体交联后仍保持活性. 热稳定性研究结果表明, 制备的固定化青霉素酰化酶在低于60 ℃时保持稳定; pH在6~11范围内保持稳定; 固定化酶重复使用10次之后, 仍具有高达90%的残留活力.     

介孔材料及其改性材料中酶的固定化研究进展

介孔材料具有高的比表面积、高的孔体积、均一可调的孔径、有序的孔道结构以及易于表面功能化等优点,可广泛用于酶的固定化.介孔材料中酶的固定化方法主要包括物理吸附、物理包埋和化学吸附.综述了介孔材料中不同固定化酶方法的优缺点、酶的固定化影响因素及固定化酶的应用,并对固定化酶的发展前景进行了展望.     

胍基修饰硅介孔材料用于蛋白质酸性条件酶解

在介孔材料FDU-12上用后修饰法成功合成了带有强碱性基团胍基的全新的功能化硅介孔材料Gua-FDU-12.利用该新型硅介孔材料成功实现了在酸性溶液中进行蛋白质酶解,并成功应用于反相色谱分离的蛋白质的直接酶解.该方法解决了传统的基于trypsin酶解无法在酸性条件下工作的难题,因而省去了top-down策略中反相色谱分离与蛋白酶解之间需要加入大量溶液来调节pH的步骤,为将该方法进一步应用于基于top-down策略的蛋白质组研究奠定了基础.     

含环氧基团的聚合物载体合成方法的改进及其固定化青霉素酰化酶

 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 以 N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂, 以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚为功能性单体, 用反相悬浮聚合技术成功制备了含环氧基团的聚合物载体, 并用红外光谱和低温氮吸附对聚合物载体进行了表征. 以 Span-60 和 Tween-20 为复合分散剂, 替代原有的 Span-60 和硬脂酸钙复合分散剂, 大幅度减少了后处理过程中所需的时间和溶剂用量, 使固定化青霉素酰化酶的活性从 215 U/g 提高到 320 U/g. 与游离酶相比, 该固定化酶具有较好的操作稳定性, 在 pH = 5~11 和不高于 50 oC 的环境中具有较好的稳定性. 固定化酶的水解反应动力学过程与游离酶相同, 均遵循米氏反应动力学, 而且活性与底物浓度密切相关. 当底物浓度为 6.5% 时, 固定化酶的活性最高, 达到 353 U/g.     

Di-functional magnetic nanoflowers: A highly efficient support for immobilizing penicillin G acylase

The novel di-functional magnetic nanoflowers (DMNF) which had both epoxy groups and hydrophilic catechol as well as phthaloquinone groups capable of covalently coupling of penicillin G acylase (PGA) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer, N₂ adsorption, and so on. The studies showed that DMNF possessed “hierarchical petal” structure of nanosheets had specific saturation magnetization of 39.7 emu/g and average pore diameter of 25.4 nm as well as specific surface area of 17.28 m²/g. For hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium catalyzed by the PGA immobilized on DMNF with enzyme loading of 106 mg/g-support, its apparent activity reached 2,667 U/g, which benefited from the “hierarchical petal” and large pore structure of the magnetic DMNF leading to high enzyme loading and fast diffusion of substrate molecules to the immobilized PGA to reaction. The apparent activity of the immobilized PGA could keep 2,408 U/g (above 90% of its initial activity) after repeating use for 10 cycles. The magnetic immobilized PGA exhibited excellent operational stability due to covalently coupling of the enzyme molecules between the support by covalent interaction of the amino groups of PGA and the reactive groups of epoxy, catechol, and phthaloquinone groups on DMNF. Furthermore, the PGA displayed good acid and alkaline resistance as well as thermal stability by immobilization using DMNF.     

Cobalt(II) schiff base functionalized mesoporous silica as an efficient and recyclable chemoselective acetalization catalyst

Cobalt(II) Schiff base functionalized mesoporous silica was synthesized from covalent attachment via the introduction of Co(OAc)₂ to salicylaldimine functionalized mesoporous silica. The catalyst proved to be chemoselective one for the acetalization of aldehydes to the corresponding acetals in alcohol. The immobilized catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for at least ten reaction cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activity.     

Functionalized mesoporous materials for adsorption and release of different drug molecules: A comparative study

The adsorption capacity and release properties of mesoporous materials for drug molecules can be improved by functionalizing their surfaces with judiciously chosen organic groups. Functionalized ordered mesoporous materials containing various types of organic groups via a co-condensation synthetic method from 15% organosilane and by post-grafting organosilanes onto a pre-made mesoporous silica were synthesized. Comparative studies of their adsorption and release properties for various model drug molecules were then conducted. Functional groups including 3-aminopropyl, 3-mercaptopropyl, vinyl, and secondary amine groups were used to functionalize the mesoporous materials while rhodamine 6G and ibuprofen were utilized to investigate the materials’ relative adsorption and release properties. The self-assembly of the mesoporous materials was carried out in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant, which produced MCM-41 type materials with pore diameters of ∼2.7-3.3 nm and moderate to high surface areas up to ∼1000 m²/g. The different functional groups introduced into the materials dictated their adsorption capacity and release properties. While mercaptopropyl and vinyl functionalized samples showed high adsorption capacity for rhodamine 6G, amine functionalized samples exhibited higher adsorption capacity for ibuprofen. While the diffusional release of ibuprofen was fitted on the Fickian diffusion model, the release of rhodamine 6G followed Super Case-II transport model.     

不同介孔材料固定青霉素酰化酶的稳定性研究

介孔材料由于具有在2～30nm之间可调的纳米级规则孔道、大比表面积和强吸附性能而成为固定化酶的优良载体．将酶固定于介孔材料的孔道中制备成的固定化酶与溶液酶相比,有易于与产物分离,并可回收和反复使用,可降低生产成本,减少酶的自水解和保持酶的活性．青霉素酰化酶（Penicillin acylase,PGA,EC．3．5．1．11）又称为青霉素酰胺酶或青霉素氨基水解酶,该酶属于球蛋白,分子量较大,由2个亚基组成：分子量为19500的含有侧链结合位点的亚基和分子量为60000的含有催化位点的亚基．     

A new method to prepare macroporous copolymer of glycidyl methacrilate and ethylene dimethacrilate as enzyme carrier

Macroporous copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate containing surface epoxy groups was firstly synthesized with dodecyl alcohol and cyclohexanol as liquid pore-forming agents and nanosize calcium carbonate as solid porogenic agent. The scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize their surface structure. Under the optimum conditions, β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized on the support obtained above, and the basic property and the kinetic data of the reaction on immobilized enzyme were determined. These data were compared with those obtained for the enzyme immobilized on the support prepared only with the liquid solution as pore-forming agent. Satisfactory results were obtained in enzyme activity, immobilization yield, pH stability, thermal stability, operational stability, and Michaelis constants K _M. The results indicated that the copolymer of glycidyl methacrilate and ethylene dimethacrylate newly prepared was more suitable to immobilize enzyme than the carrier synthesized with traditional method.