表面活性剂增敏动力学光度法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

研究了在十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(OB-2)活化下,Co(Ⅱ)催化过硫酸钠氧化甲基紫的褪色反应,并建立了甲基紫褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Co(Ⅱ)的新方法。该法测定波长为580nm,线性范围为0.05～3.00μg/25mL,相关系数r=0.9992。检出限为2.0×10-9g/mL,最大相对标准偏差为1.67%,回收率为98.1%～102.3%。     

以N-十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸为增敏剂催化光度法测定锰

基于存在增敏剂N-十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸（DDMAA）和活化剂氨三乙酸,锰（Ⅱ）催化高碘酸钾氧化萘酚绿B的反应,拟定了测定痕量锰的新催化光度法。本法在两性表面活性剂DDMAA存在下,灵敏度提高10．3倍（Mn~(2+)量为0~6．0μg/L）和5．3倍（Mn~(2+)量为6．0~14μg/L）,相对标准偏差为0．5％,检出限为5．6×10~(-8)g/L,可用于酒样和谷物制品中锰的测定。     

催化动力学光度法测定水中微量锰

１引言研究了锰（Ⅱ）催化亮绿ＳＦ褪色反应的动力学特性。在ＮａＡｃ－ＨＡｃ介质中，锰（Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化该试剂的褪色反应具有强烈催化作用，其褪色反应速率与锰（Ⅱ）的浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。详细研究了亮绿ＳＦ催化动力学光度法测定微量锰（Ⅱ）的条件，建立了测定微量锰（Ⅱ）的新方法。有关文献中催化动力学光度法测定锰（Ⅱ）的检出限大多为１０－１０ｇ／ｍＬ，本方法的检出限为６．０×１０－１１ｇ／ｍＬ，选择性较好，方法相对标准偏差２．５％，用于测定水样中的锰，结果满意。２实验部分２．１主要试剂和仪器…     

以N-十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸为增敏剂催化光度法测定痕量锰

报道了以氨三乙酸为活化剂,以N-十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸(DDMAA)为增敏剂,高碘酸钾氧化天青(Ⅱ)催化光度法测定痕量锰的新方法.本法在两性表面活性剂DDMAA存在下,灵敏度提高了3.3倍(锰量为 0.4～2.0 μg/L)和 5.6倍(锰量为2.0～6.0μg/L);相对标准偏差为1.3%(n=11),方法的检出限为5.2×10~(-11)g/mL.可用于茶叶中锰的测定.     

2,5-二(邻羟苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑与钴显色反应的研究

研究了在两性表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(OB-2)存在下,钴与新合成试剂2,5-二(邻羟苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑的显色条件及应用,建立了测定钴的新方法。在pH 8.0 NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,钴与2,5-二(邻羟苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑反应生成1∶3黄绿色螯合物,最大吸收波长为410 nm。加入OB-2后,使其最大吸收波长红移至470 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.74×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钴质量浓度在0.2~2.4μg/mL范围内服从比耳定律,可用于维生素B12针剂和水样中钴的测定,回收率在97.7%~98.2%之间。     

测定亚硝酸根的表面活性剂增敏催化动力学光度法

基于在稀硫酸介质中溴化十六烷基三甲基铵对ＮＯ２－催化溴酸钾氧化曙红褪色反应的作用，建立了测定ＮＯ－２的表面活性剂增敏催化动力学光度法。加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）后体系最大吸收波长由４８０ｎｍ红移至５４０ｎｍ，ΔＡ增大约２０倍。ΔＡ与ＮＯ－２含量在００１～０２ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内存在线性关系，检出限为０００４ｍｇ／Ｌ。方法已用于水样中ＮＯ－２测定，结果满意     

锰(Ⅱ)-邻菲罗啉-曙红-Triton X -100 体系荧光熄灭法测定痕量锰

在ＰＨ８．２的Ｈ３ＢＯ３－ＫＣｌ－ＮａＯＨ缓冲溶液中及非离子表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下,锰（Ⅱ）与１,１０－邻菲罗啉及曙红反应生成无荧光的的使曙红的荧光熄灭,据此建立了一个荧光熄灭法测定痕量锰的新方法。方法的检出限为２μｇ／Ｌ,线性范围为０．２０－３．５０μｇ／２５ｍＬ,本方法已用于铝合金、面粉、小麦、麸皮中锰的测定     

锰（Ⅱ）—苯酚红—高碘酸钾—邻菲Luo啉体系催化光度法测定痕量锰的研究

研究了在碱性介质中，以邻菲Ｌｕｏ啉为活化剂，锰（Ⅱ）催化高碘酸钾氧化苯酚红褪色指标反应及其动力学条件，建立了测定痕量锰的新方法。锰的浓度在０．０．０７μｇ／ｍＬ范围内为线性关系，检测限为３．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。用于盐酸试剂中痕量锰的测定，结果良好。     

锰（Ⅱ）－苯酚红－高碘酸钾－邻菲啰啉体系催化光度法测定痕量锰的研究

研究了在碱性介质中，以邻菲啰啉为活化剂，锰（Ⅱ）催化高碘酸钾氧化苯酚红褪色指示反应及其动力学条件，建立了测定痕量锰的新方法。锰的浓度在０～０．０７μｇ／ｍＬ范围内为线性关系，检测限为３．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。用于盐酸试剂中痕量锰的测定，结果良好。     

催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T褪色光度法测定痕量锰(Ⅱ)

在pH11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中十二烷基磺酸钠（DBS）可增敏Mn(II）催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T（EBT）的褪色反应，据此建立了催化褪色光度法测定痕量锰（Ⅱ）的新方法，锰（Ⅱ）浓度在5．0－12．0ug/L范围内服从比耳定律，回归方程ΔA=-0.014 0.32CMn(Ⅱ）（μg/L),r=0.9999检出限0．5ng/mL，应用该法测定人发和茶叶中的Mn(Ⅱ），测定结果满意。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.