高一学生化学学科自我概念与学业成绩的关系

运用化学自我概念问卷,对高一学生化学学科自我概念和化学学业成绩之间的关系进行探讨,结果表明:学生化学学科自我概念达到中等水平,化学学业自信较高,化学学业自我调控较弱;学生化学学科自我概念水平在性别上无显著差异;父母职业背景对学生化学自我概念有较大的影响;学生化学成绩与化学学科自我概念得分之间具有一致性,学生化学成绩对化学学科概念的形成有显著的影响.     

化学化工专业学生绿色化学认识的调查与思考

就化学化工专业学生对绿色化学认识的调查显示：多数学生对绿色化学的属性有较好的理解与认识;不少学生对绿色化学作用的理解与认识不足,甚至是错误的;对绿色化学的12条原则认识不全面。学校与教师应提高对学生进行绿色化学教育重要性的认识,通过开设专门的绿色化学课程,在化学理论课与实验课教学中自觉地渗透绿色化学理念,在实践中培养绿色化学意识。     

公民对化学认识的调查与思考

公民对化学认识的调查结果显示:有近半数的公民能够正确认识生活与食品中的化学知识,不少公民缺少对化学化工与化学发展前景的认识,也缺少化学在体育中应用的了解.学校和政府有责任提升公民的化学素养,使公民能正确认识化学化工及其与社会、生活、生产的关系,认识化学对人类发展的重要性.     

高师五年制"大专小教"班新生化学学习情况调查与分析

本文通过对湖南第一师范五年制04级学生对高一化学学习的困难程度、化学学科地位的认识、化学学科的兴趣、化学学习的目的与动机及完成作业的态度、课前预习及课后复习情况、向化学老师主动提问情况调查结果的统计与研究,旨在了解学生的对化学学科的态度、学生的化学学习方法和习惯及学生对化学学习的适应程度等情况,为进一步改进五年制一年级的化学教学、提高化学教学质量提供依据。     

能手-熟手教师对化学教学内容认识的对比研究——基于“化学反应速率”教学的课堂观察与访谈

通过对能手与熟手教师"化学反应速率"教学的课堂观察和访谈,发现能手-熟手教师对同一教学主题化学教学内容的认识与理解存在较大差异。能手教师对教学内容的认识水平更高,对化学教学内容的层次性认识更清晰,对化学教学内容所蕴含的化学学科思想、化学过程、化学方法认识更丰富。     

化学师范生对化学本质及其教学的认识研究

使用问卷调查法与访谈法,以广东某高校的化学师范生为样本,测查了30名化学师范生对化学本质的认识状况、教学意愿及教学策略。结果表明,（1）师范生对化学本质（包括化学知识的性质、来源、论证、评价等维度）的认识主要体现了辩证唯物主义取向;（2）师范生仅在对个别化学本质维度的认识上涉及到化学的学科专属性;（3）师范生有进行化学本质教学的意愿并能阐述原因,但缺乏进行化学本质教学的策略。据此对我国化学师范生教育及其研究提出相关建议。     

化学教育研究:基本特征与方法设计

在综述相关国际文献的基础上,通过对化学教育研究与化学研究、一般教育研究、其他化学教育活动的辨析,讨论了化学教育研究的特征、化学教育研究者的专业要求以及化学教育研究设计在理论基础、研究问题和研究方法等方面所应遵循的基本规范,以期提高对化学教育研究的认识,提升我国化学教育研究的科学化水平,促进化学教育研究领域的发展。     

化学实验课教学规律探析

对化学实验课教学的规律性进行了探讨,给出了化学实验课教学系统关系图,讨论了化学实验课教学的核心内容,以及核心内容与其他课程间的相互关系。在此基础上提出了对化学实验课教学的 3个认识:对化学实验课教学整体性的认识,对化学实验课教学过程性的认识,对教学实践过程中应把握的度的认识。     

对化学“实验能力”内涵的重新认识

"以实验为基础"的学科特征已成为化学界的共识,培养学生的化学实验能力是化学课程的重要目标之一,对化学"实验能力"内涵的正确认识是实现化学实验能力培养目标的前提。通过对不同历史时期化学教学大纲以及化学课程标准中对实验教学要求的演变分析,厘清了对"实验能力"内涵理解上的偏差,对化学"实验能力"内涵及其成分进行了界定。     

材料化学课程内容与专业课程体系设置的探析

材料化学是材料学与化学等学科交叉、渗透下产生的一门新兴交叉学科,其学科内容还没有得到一致的认同,对应材料化学课程的内容往往与材料化学专业开设的其他课程内容出现重叠.本文通过对材料化学专业要求、核心知识领域以及材料化学学科概念的分析,对材料化学课程内容和材料化学专业课程体系的设置作了初步的探讨.     

Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Meat and Meat Products: Methods and Applications

At present, a wide variety of analytical methods is available to measure antioxidant capacity. However, this great diversity is not reflected in the analysis of meat and meat products, as there are a limited number of studies on determining this parameter in this complex food matrix. Despite this, and due to the interest in antioxidants that prevent oxidation reactions, the identification of antioxidants in meat and meat products is of special importance to the meat industry. For this reason, this review compiled the main antioxidant capacity assays employed in meat and meat products, to date, describing their foundations, and showing both their advantages and limitations. This review also looked at the different applications of antioxidant properties in meat and meat products. In this sense, the suitability of using these methodologies has been demonstrated in different investigations related to these foods.     

电动态平衡技术在研究单颗粒煤燃烧中的应用

利用电动态平衡技术,将单个带电煤颗粒悬浮在样品池中,可以实现煤颗粒燃烧过程的原位微观研究。本文简要介绍了电动态平衡技术的原理和相关的操作方法,总结了该技术应用于煤燃烧研究的进展,进一步探讨了结合时间分辨光谱技术研究煤燃烧物理化学过程细节的可行性与发展前景。目的在于向国内研究者介绍这一新技术并激发更多的研究兴趣。     

简化柱切换技术在高浓度基体存在下测定痕量离子的研究

 建立了适用于高浓度基体存在下测定痕量离子的简化柱切换技术。通过分析淋洗液浓度对待测离子色谱峰保留时间的影响 ,指出可使用高浓度淋洗液抑制色谱峰漂移 ,并通过实验案例提出了针对不同样品采取的不同策略。     

Should non-significant bias be included in the uncertainty budget?

The bias of an analytical procedure is calculated in the assessment of trueness. If this experimental bias is not significant, we assume that the procedure is unbiased and, consequently, the results obtained with this procedure are not corrected for this bias. However, when assessing trueness there is always a probability of incorrectly concluding that the experimental bias is not significant. Therefore, non-significant experimental bias should be included as a component of uncertainty. In this paper, we have studied if it is always necessary to include this term and which is the best approach to include this bias in the uncertainty budget. To answer these questions, we have used the Monte-Carlo method to simulate the assessment of trueness of biased procedures and the future results these procedures provide. The results show that non-significant experimental bias should be included as a component of uncertainty when the uncertainty of this bias represents at least a 30% of the overall uncertainty. Received: 29 May 2001 Accepted: 10 December 2001     

超临界流体技术在化学研究中的应用

对超临界流体技术的应用和研究进行了综述。     

Continuous-flow photochemistry: An expanding horizon of sustainable technology

Understanding the unique characteristics of continuous-flow photochemistry will lead to a paradigm shift in the way we enhance sustainability and wellbeing. In this mini-review, we first provide a succinct overview of working principles of this technique and discuss several recent synthetic protocols. Then, emphasis is given to those representative examples which address environmental issues such as indoor air pollutants and water contamination. Finally, recent progress made using this technique to deal with rising CO₂ emission, solar energy utilization and biomedical equipment is described. It is believed that this mini-review could inspire more chemists to utilize this technique in their research, either in the academic or industrial field.     

Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography Combined with Computer-Assisted Retention Prediction System for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Extract from Diesel Particulate Matter

Abstract

Recent advances in column and instrument technology have made the development of d new generation of high-resolution microcolumn liquid chromatography possible. In addition to offering reduced solvent consumption, this chromatographic technique also yields higher mass sensitivities than those in conventional systems. In this study, the applicability of this technique to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is investigated. PAH in the extract from diesel particulate matter were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of this approach combined with the computer-assisted retention prediction. The technique proposed in this study makes very clean and high cost-performance environmental analysis possible.     

ABEEM-σπ模型在典型Diels-Alder反应立体选择性上的应用

利用ABEEM-σπ模型对Diels-Alder反应进行了理论研究,通过计算原子和π键区域的局域软度值,应用局域软度理论对典型的Diels-Alder反应的较高立体选择性给出了合理解释.     

Targeting tumor cells with pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A literature review on synthetic approaches,structure activity relationship,structural and target-based mechanisms

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine had been attracted awesome interest due to its pharmacological potential especially as an anticancer. Several mechanisms of action were accounted for the anticancer potential of this privileged scaffold. Previous researches explained its role in binding with many receptors as cyclin-dependent kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor, Src kinase, m-TOR, and JAK kinase. Nevertheless, there is an incredible demand for the discovery of target-oriented compounds. In this review, we shed the light on the antitumor potential of this important fused heterocyclic system, different mechanisms of actions of this ring, and SAR studies towards many targets in a trial to pave the way for medicinal chemists to optimize this ring system in order to discover new anticancer agents with better selectivity and increased anticancer potential.     

Analysis of non‐woven fabric fibre using an ion and electron multibeam microanalyser

Non‐woven fabric can have various functions by adding different additives to the fibre. The size of this fibre ranges from a few to a few tens of microns in diameter. In order to develop a more efficient and a longer‐life non‐woven fabric, three‐dimensional distribution of additives in the non‐woven fabric fibres is required. Owing to the spindly shape of this fibre, however, it is difficult to obtain the precise elemental distribution inside the fibre with a conventional method. Thus, a new three‐dimensional microanalysis method has been developed. One of the features of this new method is its applicability to the arbitrary‐shaped samples. According to the concept of this method, an ion and electron multibeam microanalyser has been manufactured. In this paper, the results of the application of this apparatus to the non‐woven fabric fibres are described. Focused ion beam‐induced secondary electron images and time‐of‐flight SIMS spectra and maps indicate that calcium, which is believed to have a similar distribution to Chimassorb 944 as an additive, is concentrated near the voids. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.