ZnS∶Mn量子点表面印迹杂化膜的研制及其在荧光识别4-硝基苯酚中的应用

采用工艺简单的水相合成法制备ZnS∶Mn量子点,并在量子点表面进行硅烷化处理,包覆一层分子印迹聚合物.将量子点与壳聚糖混合,在石英玻片上沉积,制备杂化膜,并用于4-硝基苯酚的快速测定,线性范围为1.0～8.0 μmol/L;检出限为41 nmol/L.此膜表现出较好的灵敏度和良好的选择性.此杂化膜具有良好的稳定性、重复使用性和可逆再生性,在无水乙醇中浸泡即可实现再生.本方法用于环境样品中4-对硝基苯酚的测定,回收率为95.5％～103.0％.     

近红外荧光印迹快速选择性识别对硝基苯胺

以铜掺杂的CdS量子点作为近红外荧光源,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了一种快速选择性识别痕量对硝基苯胺的近红外荧光印迹聚合物。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和荧光分析等技术对该材料进行详细表征。抗干扰实验及选择性实验表明,该印迹聚合物对对硝基苯胺具有高选择识别能力。荧光性能研究结果表明,该印迹聚合物能在1min内快速特异性识别对硝基苯胺,提高了对硝基苯胺的检测速度。当对硝基苯胺浓度为0.5 ~ 75.0 μmol/L时,荧光猝灭效率与对硝基苯胺的浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为9.6nmol/L。该方法成功用于尿液、水和PM 2.5 样品中痕量对硝基苯胺的测定,回收率分别为98.7% ~ 100.2%、99.7% ~ 103.9% 和97.3% ~ 103.7%。本研究为痕量有机污染物的快速选择性检测提供了一种新方法。     

碳量子点分子印迹荧光传感器检测多巴胺

以多巴胺作为模板分子,碳量子点作为荧光响应信号,通过自由基聚合制备对多巴胺具有特异性识别位点的荧光分子印迹聚合物。所制得的印迹聚合物对多巴胺最大吸附量为非印迹聚合物吸附量的2. 61倍。对检测过程中体系pH,振荡时间及水浴孵化时间对分子印迹荧光传感器荧光响应的影响进行探究。所建立的荧光传感器对多巴胺的选择性明显高于对其结构类似物、糖类、氨基酸及常见的离子,方法的线性范围在0. 02～0. 3 mg/L之间,相对标准偏差为0. 090%～1. 8%,检出限为0. 01 mg/L,实际样品的回收率为76. 7%～118. 4%,表明制备的多巴胺分子印迹荧光传感器可以用于复杂样品中多巴胺的定量分析。     

烯基离子液体为单体的磁性分子印迹聚合物及其用于酚类化合物的萃取和检测

以3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰的Fe3O4为载体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,4-硝基苯酚为模板分子,烯基离子液体1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐为功能单体制备了磁性分子印迹聚合物(IL-MMIP),采用透射电镜、红外光谱和磁强计对磁性分子印迹聚合物进行表征,结果表明磁性载体表面成功地包覆了分子印迹聚合物层。IL-MMIP对4-硝基苯酚的吸附在10 min达到平衡,最大饱和吸附量达到20.98μmol/g。对比磁性非印迹聚合物,IL-MMIP对4-硝基苯酚具有较高的选择吸附性能。IL-M M IP萃取-高效液相色谱法对4-硝基苯酚、2-硝基苯酚、苯酚、间甲酚等4种酚类化合物进行检测,检测限在0.2~1.7μg/L。方法应用于自来水、嘉兴南湖水、焦化厂废水等实际样品中酚类化合物的检测,加标回收率在85.7%~100.5%。     

基于铕配合物的荧光分子印迹的制备及其选择性检测痕量2,4,6-三氯苯酚

设计并制备了用于检测2,4,6-三氯苯酚的荧光分子印迹。由于铕配合物对模板分子的荧光淬灭作用,可用于荧光检测工具。荧光分子印迹在模板分子浓度范围0~70 nmol·L~(-1)内具有良好的荧光线性响应,相关系数为0.996 28。荧光分子印迹展现出了良好的灵敏度,其最低检出限为3.12 nmol·L~(-1)。荧光分子印迹具有较好的热稳定性,同时选择性检测实验证明荧光分子印迹对2,4,6-三氯苯酚具有良好的特异选择性。实验结果说明荧光分子印迹可用于选择性荧光检测低浓度氯酚类物质。     

碳点基荧光印迹聚合物选择性检测牛血红蛋白

以荧光碳点为载体,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,牛血红蛋白为模板分子,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出对牛血红蛋白具有高选择性识别性能的新型荧光印迹聚合复合材料(CDs@MIP)。采用红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚合物进行表征,结果表明,分子印迹聚合物包覆在荧光碳点表面,印迹因子为4.60。此CDs@MIP对牛血红蛋白具有高选择性,相对于卵清蛋白、牛血清蛋白、人血清蛋白的选择因子分别为4.38、4.73和3.66。在最佳条件下,此CDs@MIP对牛血红蛋白的响应线性范围为0.1～10.0μmol/L,检出限为23.0 nmol/L。将此CDs@MIP用于牛血液样品中牛血红蛋白的测定,回收率为99.0%～102.5%。     

氮掺杂碳量子点的制备及其在2,4-二硝基酚检测中的应用EI北大核心CSCD

以柠檬酸为碳源,尿素为含氮掺杂剂,采用水热合成法一步合成了具有荧光性能的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs),并对其进行了表征。2,4-二硝基酚对氮掺杂碳量子点产生荧光猝灭作用,将其作为荧光探针用于2,4-二硝基酚的检测。在2,4-二硝基酚浓度为0.1~20μg/m L范围内碳量子点的荧光猝灭程度与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9979,检出限为0.05μg/m L,回收率在102.0%~110.2%,方法可应用于2,4-二硝基酚快速、灵敏的检测。     

氮掺杂碳量子点的制备及其在2,4-二硝基酚检测中的应用

以柠檬酸为碳源,尿素为含氮掺杂剂,采用水热合成法一步合成了具有荧光性能的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs),并对其进行了表征。2,4-二硝基酚对氮掺杂碳量子点产生荧光猝灭作用,将其作为荧光探针用于2,4-二硝基酚的检测。在2,4-二硝基酚浓度为0.1~20μg/m L范围内碳量子点的荧光猝灭程度与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9979,检出限为0.05μg/m L,回收率在102.0%~110.2%,方法可应用于2,4-二硝基酚快速、灵敏的检测。     

对硝基苯酚分子印迹聚合物最佳功能单体的筛选及其水样固相萃取中的应用

以对硝基苯酚(4-NP)为对象,采用非印迹聚合物(NIP)库筛选法选出乙烯基咪唑为最佳功能单体,通过实验选出乙腈为最合适的聚合溶剂、三甲氧基丙基三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂制备分子印迹聚合物。对固相萃取进行了优化,用pH=2.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液上样、体积比为45∶55的乙腈和磷酸盐缓冲溶液淋洗、甲醇洗脱条件下,聚合物具有最佳印迹效果。4-NP分子印迹聚合物的表观吸附量达到5.8 mg/g。该印迹聚合物对4-NP及其结构类似物苯酚和对氯苯酚的萃取回收率分别为96.0%、78.8%和77.8%,表明具有较高的选择性,还成功地用于自来水样品中4-NP的固相萃取,回收率达到93.1%。由此可得该方法快速、有效,可用于分子印迹聚合物优化制备。     

菊酯类农药代谢物分子印迹荧光传感器的制备及应用

制备了一种分子印迹荧光传感器用于菊酯类农药代谢物间苯氧基苯甲醛(3-PBD)的选择性测定。以3-PBD为模板分子,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在Mn掺杂ZnS量子点表面成功合成了荧光分子印迹聚合物。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射及X射线光电子能谱对聚合物进行表征,并对检测条件进行了优化。在最佳条件下,该荧光传感器对3-PBD的响应线性范围为0.3～5μmol/L,检出限为0.267μmol/L。此分子印迹荧光传感器可与农药的酶解过程相结合,用于菊酯类农药的快速检测。对实际样品的测定结果显示,3-PBD的回收率为84.0%～119%,相对标准偏差不超过5.0%。结果表明,该分子印迹荧光传感器可以用于食品中3-PBD的测定。     

A facile approach for synthesizing molecularly imprinted graphene for ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical detecting 4-nitrophenol

In this work, a novel and convenient strategy was developed to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the surface of graphene sheet. In this route, vinyl group functionalized graphene (GR/NVC) was first prepared by immobilizing 4-vinylcarbazole onto the surface of graphene via π–π interaction. The subsequent grafting copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP, template molecule) was carried out at GR/NVC surface, leading to the formation of GR/MIPs composite. The GR/MIPs composite was characterized by FTIR, fluorescence, TGA, SEM and AFM, and was used to fabricate electrochemical sensor for the detection of 4-NP. The electrochemical behavior of GR/MIPs sensor for 4-NP was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The effects of the preparation conditions, such as concentration of the NVC and template, the solution pH, and incubation time, were also optimized. Under optimized conditions, the DPV current response of GR/MIPs sensor was nearly 12 times than that of the GR/NIPs sensor. It also should be noted that as compared to traditional MIP, shorter response time and much higher current response were demonstrated. In addition, the GR/MIPs sensor could recognize 4-NP from its structural analogs, indicating the excellent selectivity of the GR/MIPs sensor. The peak current is linearly proportional to the concentration of 4-NP ranging from 0.01 μM to 100 μM and 200 μM to 1000 μM with a significantly low detection limit of 5 nM, a wider response range and lower detection limits as compared to most of the previously reported electrochemical sensors for 4-NP. Furthermore, the GR/MIPs sensor exhibits good stability with adequate reproducibility and has been successfully used to determine 4-NP in water samples.     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠组织中双酚A和4-壬基酚浓度

建立了大鼠组织中双酚A和4-壬基酚的提取和含量测定方法。大鼠组织样品经甲醇-乙酸铵缓冲液匀浆、 正己烷-乙醚混合溶剂提取、氮气吹干后用流动相溶解,以乙腈-0.01 mol/L乙酸铵缓冲液(pH 4.5)(体积比为75∶25)为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,在激发波长227 nm、发射波长313 nm下进行荧光检测。大鼠心、脑、肝和肾脏组织样品中,双酚A的检出限为3.2~4.6 ng/g,4-壬基酚的检出限为11.8~15.6 ng/g;日内检测精密度为0.89%~4.50%,日间检测精密度为3.10%~12     

二氧化钛纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极在对硝基苯酚检测中的应用

本文报道了用二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO₂NPs）/还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）的复合物修饰玻碳电极检测微量对硝基苯酚（4-NP）的电化学方法. 本研究用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对该复合材料形貌进行表征,用循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱对该复合物电极的电化学性能进行检测,表现出良好的电化学特性,采用差分脉冲伏安法对4-NP进行微量检测,结果令人满意,这主要得益于TiO2NPs/RGO复合物对4-NP有较高的催化活性,其电流峰值与浓度呈较高的线性关系,DPV的检测范围为10μmol·L^-1 ~ 350μmol·L^-1,检测限为0.13 μmol·L^-1. 与其他报道的一些电化学传感器相比,该传感器检测范围大,检测限低,且工作稳定,成本低,分析简单快速,具有很好的应用前景.     

Very sensitive differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol at poly (diphenylamine)/multi-walled carbon nanotube-β-cyclodextrin-modified glassy carbon electrode

In this work, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with poly (diphenylamine)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-β-cyclodextrin (PDPA/MWCNT-β-CD) film was constructed and used for the determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Diphenylamine was successfully electropolymerised onto MWCNT-β-CD-modified GCE by cyclic voltammetry in monomer solution and 5 mol L^?1 H₂SO₄. The surface morphology of PDPA/MWCNT-β-CD film was characterised using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After adsorption of 4-NP on PDPA/MWCNT-β-CD at 0.2 V for 150 s, it showed a well-defined reduction peak in phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7. The PDPA/MWCNT-β-CD film enhanced the reduction peak current due to the complex formation between β-CD and 4-NP, presence of conductive polymer film as electron transfer mediator and also ability of MWCNTs for strong adsorptive and catalytic effect. Peak current increased linearly with 4-NP concentration in the range of 0.1 to 13.9 µg L^?1. The detection limit was obtained as 0.02 µg L^?1, which is better than other reported detection limits for the determination of 4-NP. The results showed that modified electrode has good sensitivity and selectivity. This sensor was used for the determination of 4-NP in water samples.     

Determination of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) in biological samples as its 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin derivative by RP-HPLC

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection is described for the determination of sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA-Na) in biological samples. 4-Bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin is used as a derivatization reagent and reacted with MFA-Na to form 7-methoxy-4-methylenecoumarin monofluoroacetate for HPLC analysis. Chromatographic separation is performed on a Hewlett Packard RP-18 column using methanol-water (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase. A fluorescent detector is employed with the excitation and emission wavelengths as 319 nm and 390 nm, respectively. The novel method yields a good linear relationship when the concentration of MFA-Na is within 1 and 500 nmol/mL (r = 0.9996). The detection limit is 50 pmol/mL. The established method is applied to determine MFA-Na in biological samples. The recovery rates of MFA-Na are between 81% and 88%, and the relative standard deviations are less than 5%. The method shows good sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of MFA-Na in biological samples.     

基于氮化碳纳米粒子荧光检测金离子

基于金离子[Au(Ⅲ)] 对氮化碳纳米粒子的荧光具有很强的猝灭作用, 构建了一种检测Au(Ⅲ)的荧光传感器. 实验结果表明, 该传感体系检测Au(Ⅲ)的线性范围为0.050~11.0 μmol/L, 检出限(S/N=3) 为22.6 nmol/L. 此外, 该传感器对Au(Ⅲ)的检测具有高选择性, 可用于湖水中Au(Ⅲ)的检测.     

NaOH蚀刻玻碳电极的大肠杆菌DNA电化学生物传感器的构建及检测

以NaOH蚀刻后的玻碳电极为基底制备了高灵敏与高选择性的大肠杆菌电化学DNA传感器。经NaOH蚀刻后的玻碳电极被活化且在电极表面形成羧基层,为DNA探针的固定提供了更多位点,在偶联剂EDC/NHS的作用下,端氨修饰的探针DNA与羧基的羧氨反应使其以肽键的形式固定在电极表面,极大地提升了传感器的灵敏度。通过电化学循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲法(DPV)对所制备传感器的灵敏度和选择性进行表征,得到该传感器对大肠杆菌的线性检测范围为12.5~62.5 nmol/L,检出限可达1.20×10~(-9)mol/L。     

Electrochemical sensor for detection of p-nitrophenol based on nanoporous gold

Nanoporous gold (NPG) with uniform pore sizes and ligaments was prepared by a simple dealloying method. The as-prepared NPG samples were used as the working electrodes to investigate the redox behavior of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Quite different from the voltammetric behavior of polycrystalline gold electrode, the CV profiles of NPG display a pair of nearly symmetric redox waves which are ascribed to the reaction of 4-(hydroxyamino)phenol/4-nitrosophenol couple. It is interesting that this pair of redox waves are hardly affected by the isomers of p-NP; and moreover, their peak areas are linear with the concentration of p-NP in the range from 0.25 to 10 mg dm^?3. Because of high sensitivity and good selectivity, NPG is expected to act as a promising electrochemical sensor material for detecting trace p-NP in wastewaters.     

Voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol at a lithium tetracyanoethylenide (LiTCNE) modified glassy carbon electrode

The reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) has been carried out on a modified glassy carbon electrode using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor was prepared by modifying the electrode with lithium tetracyanoethylenide (LiTCNE) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) film. With this modified electrode 4-NP was reduced at −0.7 V versus SCE. The sensor presented better performance in 0.1 mol l⁻¹ acetate buffer at pH 4.0. The other experimental parameters, such as concentration of LiTCNE and PLL, pulse amplitude and scan rate were optimized. Under optimized operational conditions, a linear response range from 27 up to 23200 nmol l⁻¹ was obtained with a sensitivity of 3.057 nA l nmol⁻¹ cm⁻². The detection limit for 4-NP determination was 7.5 nmol l⁻¹. The proposed sensor presented good repeatability, evaluated in term of relative standard deviation (R.S.D.=4.4%) for n=10 and was applied for 4-NP determination in water samples. The average recovery for these samples was 103.0 (± 0.7)%.