加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法分析动物组织中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A

建立了测定内分泌干扰物质烷基酚、双酚A的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(负离子模式)分析方法,优化了样品前处理方法。以二氯甲烷作提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取动物组织样品,萃取液用500 mg OASIS氨基固相萃取柱进行浓缩净化。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化效率进行了考察,测得3种化合物在高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为88%~101%,相对标准偏差小于15%;双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法检出限分别为0.3, 0.05和0.1 μg/kg。对从北京市场上采集的27份动物组织样品进行检测,结果表明壬基酚广泛存在于各种动物源性食品中,检出含量为0.49~55.98 μg/kg,其中鱼肉组织中都检出壬基酚,而且其含量也较高(9.13~55.98 μg/kg)。     

高压液相色谱测定植物纤维包装容器中的双酚A

建立了测定植物纤维包装容器中双酚A含量的HPLC分析方法。在优化色谱条件下,选择色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS-C18柱;流动相为甲醇-水(70∶30);流速为0.5mL/min;采用紫外检测器并且波长为273nm;柱温30℃。结果表明植物纤维包装容器中没有双酚A出现,双酚A在一定范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9991;检出限11ng/g。对样品作添加回收试验,回收率为96.2%~100.8%;精密度RSD均低于3.0%。     

高效液相色谱/荧光法测定罐头食品中双酚A类物质的研究

建立了罐头食品中7种双酚A类物质的液相色谱/荧光检测法,样品用乙腈提取,苯乙烯吡咯烷聚合物(PLS)固相萃取柱净化,苯基柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈-水作为流动相,梯度洗脱,7种双酚A类物质得到基线分离,荧光检测的激发波长和发射波长分别为227 nm和313 nm。7种双酚A类物质的浓度在0.010~5.0μg/m L范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99。7种双酚A类物质在加标浓度为0.015~5.0 mg/kg时,方法的平均回收率为83.7%~95.5%,相对标准偏差为7.2%~19.8%。方法的检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为5~18μg/kg和15~50μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、可靠,已应用于实际样品的分析。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中烷基酚物质迁移量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚迁移量的方法。样品经蒸馏水、3%乙酸溶液、10%乙醇溶液、20%乙醇溶液、50%乙醇溶液和异辛烷6种食品模拟物浸泡处理,浸泡液经C18色谱柱分离,以多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量。检测结果表明:在水基、酸性、酒精类食品模拟物中,双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的质量浓度均在0.001~0.50μg/mL范围内与其质谱响应值具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9995,方法检出限为0.01~0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.03~0.83μg/kg;在油基食品模拟物中,双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的线性范围均为0.01~0.50μg/mL,相关系数均不小于0.9989,方法检出限为0.10~2.50μg/kg,定量限为0.33~8.32μg/kg。双酚A、四溴双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚的加标回收率为87.2%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.4%(n=6)。该法样品处理步骤简单,准确度高,灵敏度好,可用于食品接触材料中烷基酚类化合物的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定淤泥和土壤中双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚

建立高效液相色谱法测定土壤和淤泥中双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚.样品采用超声波萃取,以体积比1∶1的正己烷和丙酮作为提取剂,体积比90∶10的乙腈和水作为流动相,经SupelcosilTM LC PAH色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5 μm)分离后荧光检测器检测,双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的荧光激发波长是227 nm,发射波长为313 nm,样品在6 min中内完全出峰.该方法的线性范围在0.1～20 μg/mL之间,在0.1μg/mL、0.5μg/mL和1.0 μg/mL3个浓度的添加水平下土壤和淤泥样品的加入回收率分别在83.7％～115.6％之间和94.3％～106.2％之间.该方法简单、快速和经济,可用于淤泥和土壤实际样品检测.     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中苯并(a)芘及双酚A

建立了饮用水中苯并(a)芘(Bap)和双酚A(BPA)同时测定的固相萃取/高效液相色谱方法。水样中苯并(a)芘和双酚A经ENVI-18固相萃取小柱富集后,采用C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测。结果表明,苯并(a)芘和双酚A在0.1~20.0μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限分别为0.2 ng/L和2.0 ng/L,样品加标回收率为86.1%~101%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~4.6%。该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,方便快捷,适用于饮用水中苯并(a)芘和双酚A的测定。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法对水产品中8种雌激素的测定

建立了同时测定水产品中辛酚、4-壬基酚、双酚、己烯雌酚、雌酮、17β-雌二醇、17α-乙炔雌二醇和雌三醇的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取2次,HLB固相萃取柱净化,提取液氮吹至干,残渣用甲醇-水(体积比1∶9)溶解。以甲醇和5 mmol乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经ACQU-ITYTMBEH C18色谱柱分离后进行LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式的定性及定量分析,外标法定量。方法检出限为0.1~0.3μg/kg。在添加水平为0.3~5.0μg/kg范围内的平均回收率为81%~108%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~11.4%。该方法灵敏度高、操作简单高效,适用于水产品中8种雌激素的定量及确证分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中双酚A和双酚S

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中双酚A和双酚S的含量。食品样品经乙腈提取和石墨化炭黑吸附剂固相萃取柱净化。以Waters BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的水和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子源和多反应监测模式检测。采用同位素内标法定量。双酚A和双酚S的线性范围依次为1.04~52.0,0.23~11.65μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)依次为0.30,0.10μg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为94.6%~101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.5%~6.6%。     

高效液相色谱法测定美白面膜中7种荧光增白剂

建立了同时测定美白面膜中7种荧光增白剂的高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)法。样品经乙腈超声提取后,经Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-25mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在激发波长365nm、发射波长430nm进行测定。结果表明,FWA 85和FWA 71以及其他5种荧光增白剂分别在5~35mg/L和0.025~4mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.991;方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.00071~0.18mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.12~12.24μg/g。3种不同添加水平下的样品加标平均回收率为93.62%~115.87%,相对标准偏差为0.43%~5.40%。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于美白面膜中7种目标荧光增白剂的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定烟草中二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂

建立了高效液相色谱法测定烟草中二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药方法,优化了烟草样品的前处理方法、样品提取溶剂和提取时间等参数。利用三氯甲烷可提取出烟草中的福美双,福美锌和福美铁通过碱性乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐提取后经碘甲烷衍生化后直接高效液相色谱分析,高效液相色谱流动相比例为甲醇:水=48:52(V/V),紫外检测波长为235 nm和270 nm。方法的平均回收率范围为80%~97%,相对标准偏差范围为1.1%~6.4%,福美双的检出限为10 ng/g,福美锌和福美铁的检出限为1 ng/g。方法适合烟草中二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂的定性和定量分析。     

Determination of bisphenol A in rat brain by microdialysis and column switching high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A sensitive column switching HPLC-fluorescence detection for determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in rat brain by coupling with microdialysis was developed. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the hypothalamus of rat brain and an artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used for perfusion. BPA in brain dialysate was subjected to a fluorescent derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl), and the excess reagent was removed by a column-switching technique. Separation was carried out on two ODS semimicro-columns with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-H(2)O-methanol-tetrahydrofuran (55:10:35:2.5, v/v) and acetonitrile-0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 3.0)-methanol (35:10:55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.10 and 0.15 mL/min for a precolumn and a separation column, respectively. Fluorescence intensity was monitored at 475 nm with excitation of 350 nm. BPA could be sensitively detected at 0.3 ppb in 60 micro L brain microdialysate at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. By the proposed method, concentrations of BPA in rat brain and plasma were monitored for 8 h after single i.v. or oral administration. It is proved that BPA is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. The ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve of BPA in rat brain to that in blood was estimated to be about 3.0-3.8%.     

Determination of sialic acids in human serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.

A simple, rapid and highly sensitive reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of sialic acids in human serum. The sialic acids, released by hydrolysis of serum, are converted in borate buffer with malononitrile to highly fluorescent compounds. The reaction mixture is separated isocratically within 5 min using an octadecyl-bonded silica column and a mobile phase of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer (15:85, v/v; pH 5.5). Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of the reaction mixture at 434 nm with irradiation at 357 nm allowed determination of 30-1000 ng/ml of sialic acids with high reproducibility. The limit of detection was 2 ng/ml. Intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation for assaying 300 ng/ml N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) were 1.5% (n = 9) and 2.6% (n = 7), respectively. The recoveries of NANA were 98.5-101.1% for serum. The method has been used for clinical determinations.     

Determination of orbifloxacin in rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method is developed for the determination of orbifloxacin (ORB) in rabbit plasma. Sample preparations are carried out by adding phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 M) and extracting with trichloromethane. ORB and the internal standard, norfloxacin (NOR), are separated on a reversed-phase column using an aqueous phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) mobile phase. The concentrations of ORB and NOR eluting from the column with retention times of 2.16 and 3.09 min, respectively, are monitored by fluorescence detection at 338 (excitation) and 425 nm (emission). The method is shown to be linear from 4 to 1500 ng/mL (regression coefficient r2 = 0.999). The quantitation and detection limits are 4 and 9 ng/mL, respectively. Mean recovery is determined as 92% by the analysis of plasma standards containing 150, 750, and 1500 ng/mL. Inter- and intra-assay precisions were 4 and 3%, respectively.     

Simultaneous determination of ruthenium, osmium and palladium by reversed-phase HPLC using 4-(2'-thiazolylazo) resacetophenone oxime as chelating reagent

The chelates of Ru, Os and Pd with 4-(2'-thiazolylazo) resacetophenone oxime were separated simultaneously by HPLC using a pre-column derivatization method, at the wavelength 560 nm, on an octadecly-bonded silica stationary phase with a mobile phase methanol-water mixture (40-60 v/v) containing 40 mM of acetate buffer pH 5.0. The detection limits for Ru, Os and Pd were 2.0, 4.0 and 0.2 ng, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of metal ions in an anode slime.     

Determination of memantine in rat plasma by HPLC-fluorescence method and its application to study of the pharmacokinetic interaction between memantine and methazolamide

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed to determine memantine (MT) in rat plasma. The method consists of pre-column labeling of MT with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) and a clean-up step with solid-phase extraction. A good separation of DIB-MT was achieved within 12 min on an octadecylsilica (ODS) column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (70:30, v/v). The calibration curve prepared with fluoxetine as an internal standard showed good linearity in the range of 10-400 ng/mL (r = .999). The limits of detection and quantitation at signal-to-noise ratios of 3 and 10 were 2.0 and 6.6 ng/mL, respectively. The method was shown to be reliable with precisions of <5% for intra-day and <9% for inter-day as relative standard deviation. The fluorescence property and reaction yield of authentic DIB-MT were also examined. The proposed method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic interaction between MT and methazolamide.     

Optimizing high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of glucosamine using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate derivatization in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive and reliable HPLC method with fluorescence detection based on the precolumn derivatization of glucosamine with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxylsuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) was established for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in rat plasma. The plasma protein was precipitated by acetonitrile, followed by vortex mixing and centrifugation. The supernatant was divided into the organic layer and aqueous layer by adding sodium chloride, and then the aqueous layer was derivatized with AQC in 0.2 M borate buffer of pH 8.8 before the HPLC analysis. An amino acid analysis column (3.9 x 150 mm, 4 microm) was applied, with 140 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH = 5.25) and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A linear correlation coefficient of 0.9987 was calculated within the range of 0.1-30 microg/mL of the standard curve for glucosamine. The limit of detection was 30 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions (as RSD) were less than 7.38 and 12.72%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 91.8 to 110.0%. Extraction recoveries of glucosamine in plasma were more than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in rat plasma and evaluation for pharmacokinetic study of glucosamine. It was also possible to be applied for the quantitative determination of other compounds containing amino group in biological samples.     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of mazindol in human plasma.

A simple and convenient high performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection is described for the determination of mazindol [5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol] and its major metabolite, 2-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxyphthalimidine (Met), in human plasma. The analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate from plasma samples and separated on a C18 column using acetonitrile-0.067 mol dm(-3) phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) (24 + 76 v/v) as a mobile phase. The eluates were monitored at 220 nm. Following complete validation and stability studies, the proposed method proved to be sensitive and precise. The limits of detection were 0.07 and 0.08 ng ml(-1) of plasma for mazindol and Met, respectively. The accuracy and recovery were in the ranges 94-102% and 91-102%, respectively, for both compounds. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were less than 7.6 and 9.2%, respectively, for both compounds. The stability of mazindol under different storage conditions, i.e., at room temperature (rt) and 4 degrees C and with freeze-thaw cycles, was also examined. Mazindol was unstable in plasma samples left at rt and 4 degrees C. The method was applied to the determination of mazindol and Met in the plasma of a patient treated for obesity with mazindol.     

Sensitive determination of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rat blood and brain microdialysates by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Simultaneous determination of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in rat blood and brain microdialysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) was developed. Microdialysates were directly subjected to derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl). The DIB-derivatives of MDMA, MDA and the internal standard, 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA), were isocratically separated on an ODS column using a mixture of 50 mm phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-acetonitrile-methanol-2-propanol (50:45:5:2, v/v/v/v %) as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The calibration curves of MDA and MDMA spiked to blood and brain microdialysates were linear over the ranges 2.5-500 and 5.0-1000 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits of MDA and MDMA were 1.2 and 4.2 for blood and 1.3 and 4.8 ng/mL for brain, respectively. Additionally, the intra- and the inter-assay precisions were lower than 5.6% for the blood and brain microdialysates (n = 4). The proposed method was successfully applied for the monitoring of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rat blood and brain microdialysates, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of MDMA and MDA in the microdialysates after administration of MDMA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without caffeine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated.     

Rapid, high-sensitivity reversed-phase liquid chromatographic assay for 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl) [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-imine and its oxo metabolite in plasma using fluorescence detection

A rapid, sensitive and specific assay for 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl) [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-imine (I) and its oxo metabolite (II) in plasma was developed and validated employing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Sample preparation was achieved by a simple ethyl acetate extraction from plasma buffered at pH 10 (0.1 M boric acid-0.1 M potassium chloride). Chromatographic analyses were performed isocratically on a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 (67:33, v/v). Chromatographic run time was less than 8 min. The assay was linear (r greater than 0.9998) over the concentration range 1.50-10,000 ng/ml for both I and II; for individual studies, curves covering a range of two orders of magnitude were generally employed. Limits of detection for I and II were 0.5 and 1.0 ng/ml, respectively. A preliminary investigation of the plasma concentrations of I and II in the rat following a single 30 mg/kg oral dose demonstrated the applicability of the method for pharmacokinetic studies.     

Nonextractive procedure and precolumn derivatization with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole for trace determination of trimetazidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated in a single laboratory for the trace determination of trimetazidine (TMZ) in human plasma. Fluoxetine (FLX) was used as the internal standard. TMZ and FLX were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and derivatized by heating with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 8 borate buffer at 70 degrees C for 30 min. Separations were performed in the isocratic mode on a Nucleosil CN column with the mobile phase acetonitrile-10 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (47 + 47 + 6, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The derivatized samples were excited at 470 nm and monitored at an emission wavelength of 530 nm. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, a linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.9997, n = 5) was obtained for the peak area ratio of TMZ to FLX and for TMZ concentrations of 1-120 ng/mL. The proposed method has the lowest limits of detection and quantitation reported to date for the determination of TMZ in plasma with values of 0.3 and 0.95 ng/mL, respectively. The values for intra- and interassay precision were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were < or =4.04%. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated; the recoveries of TMZ from spiked human plasma were 98.13-102.83 +/- 0.2-4.04%. The method has high throughput because of its simple sample preparation procedure and short run time (<10 min). The results demonstrated that the proposed method would have great value when applied in pharmacokinetic studies for TMZ.