金属-有机骨架材料及其在催化反应中的应用

金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)材料是由金属离子和有机配体通过自组装而成的具有多孔结构的特殊晶体材料。由于其种类的多样性、孔道的可调性和结构的易功能化,已在气体的吸附和分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出了诱人的应用前景。本文介绍了MOFs材料的类型和常用的合成方法,综述了近年来MOFs材料在催化领域的应用,特别是以MOFs材料中骨架金属作为活性中心、骨架有机配体作为活性中心和负载催化活性组分的催化反应,并对MOFs材料的催化应用趋势做了展望,以期对MOFs材料的催化性能有比较全面的认识。     

功能化金属有机骨架材料去除饮用水污染物的研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料是一类以过渡金属为中心、含杂原子的有机物为配体、通过配位作用形成的周期性网络多孔晶体材料。与其他的多孔材料相比,MOFs配体种类繁多,比表面积极大,孔径大小可调控且具有特殊(饱和或不饱和)的金属位点,在气体存储、催化、吸附与分离等领域有广阔的应用前景。近年来,功能化MOFs对污染物的富集和去除成为学者关注的热点。这是由于通过对MOFs进行功能化修饰,能够改变MOFs的孔径大小、表面带电性质等物化性质,从而实现对目标物更高效的吸附。该文综述了近年来功能化MOFs对饮用水污染物吸附的研究进展,包括饮用水污染物的类型及危害、功能化MOFs的制备方法以及去除饮用水污染物的应用,并对今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的制备及其应用研究

金属有机框架(MOFs)具有大量的孔隙结构和活性位点,在气体吸附、催化、医疗等领域均发挥了巨大的作用。MOFs是晶体粉末,具有脆性较大、在水中易分解和不易回收等缺点,从而限制了其应用。通过MOFs与柔性高分子的复合,特别是与水凝胶的复合,极大地改善了复合材料的柔顺性、可回收和可加工性等特性,进一步拓宽了MOFs的应用领域。本文详细阐述了基于水凝胶MOFs原位生成法、MOFs /水凝胶同时生成法和水凝胶包裹MOFs法等三种不同方法制备MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的研究进展,并对上述三种制备方法的特点及其产物特征进行了总结,进一步归纳了复合材料在生物医药、催化、废水处理和气体吸附等领域的应用。最后,对MOFs/水凝胶复合材料制备方法的改进和复合材料应用前景进行了深入讨论和展望。     

双金属金属有机骨架材料的制备及性能研究进展

金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)具有拓扑结构的多样性和丰富的比表面积,使其在催化和吸附领域具有潜在的应用价值。 双金属MOFs具有两种金属中心,较之单金属MOFs具有更加多元的催化活性位点和吸附位点,因此吸附选择性、选择催化性以及结构稳定性等均得到了提升。 本文就如何制备性能优异的双金属MOFs材料,以及这种材料的结构特点、性能提升和应用前景展开了概述。     

水稳定性金属有机框架材料的水吸附性质与应用

金属有机框架材料（metal-organic frameworks,MOFs）因具有高比表面积、高孔隙率以及可调的孔结构及孔内环境,在气体吸附、分离以及催化等方面展现出巨大应用潜力.由于水蒸气广泛存在于空气和各类工业气体中,深入理解MOFs与水蒸气之间相互作用机制,并开发具备高水稳定性以及水蒸气吸附与脱附行为可调的MOFs,不仅具有显著的科学意义,而且对推动MOFs的实际应用具有重要的现实意义.本综述将围绕以下内容展开论述：高水稳定性MOFs的设计规律;MOFs对水蒸气的吸附/脱附行为;吸水MOFs在工业气体干燥、沙漠取水、吸附式热泵以及室内湿度调节等领域的应用.     

金属有机框架材料在环境化学中的研究进展

金属有机框架(MOFs)是一类由有机桥连配体与无机金属中心通过自组装形成的新型多孔材料.相比传统的多孔材料,MOFs具有比表面积高、孔径均一、结构可调节等优点,在基础理论研究和实际应用方面都表现出巨大的潜力.近年来,环境问题日益突出,开发新型材料解决环境问题迫在眉睫,MOFs材料在环境化学中的应用受到了广泛关注.本文主要介绍MOFs材料在催化、气体存储、气体吸附与分离、气敏传感和水体净化等多个领域的理论研究与应用现状,并进一步讨论了MOFs材料在该领域面临的挑战和发展趋势.     

高稳定性金属有机骨架UiO-66的合成与应用

金属有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)是一种由金属中心与有机配体自组装而成的、具有三维网状有序孔结构的新型多孔晶体材料,其具有超高的比表面积、种类和结构多样性、可化学功能化等特点,在多个研究领域显示出了潜在的应用前景,已成为当前化学、材料学科的研究热点之一。 然而大多数MOFs材料的稳定性较差,极大地束缚了MOFs材料的发展。 以Zr为金属中心,对苯二甲酸为有机配体的UiO-66具有较好的热稳定性,结构可在500 ℃保持稳定,并且其还具有很高的耐酸性和一定的耐碱性,引起了人们的关注。 本文主要综述了UiO-66在合成调控、功能化合成和后改性方面的研究现状,以及其在吸附和催化等领域的应用前景。     

金属有机框架与新型载药体系

金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)是一类由金属离子与有机配体之间的配位自组装形成的新型多孔复合材料。因其具有高比表面积、可调的尺寸、拓扑结构多样性、合成简便、有机基团易于功能化等优点使其在生物分析、成像、传感、催化、气体存储与分离以及药物运载等领域具有广泛的应用前景。这里通过简要介绍MOFs的研究背景,基于MOFs孔径的药物装载策略以及MOFs药物释放的刺激响应方式,阐述MOFs作为药物递送载体的最新进展,为后期药物载体的设计提供参考。     

氨基酸功能化晶态多孔聚合物的研究进展

以金属有机框架（metal-organic frameworks,MOFs）和共价有机框架（covalent organic frameworks,COFs）为代表的晶态多孔聚合物,具有高比表面积、多样的结构、开放的孔道、丰富的官能团、易功能化等特点,在气体储存和分离、催化、储能、光电器件等领域都有着广泛的应用前景.氨基酸是构成多肽和蛋白质的基本结构单元,不仅具有重要的生物学功能,还在药物生产、生物降解塑料、手性催化剂等工业应用中发挥重要作用.将氨基酸引入到MOFs和COFs体系中,可赋予其柔性化骨架、特殊的孔道环境、手性识别位点等特征,并且在一定程度上提高框架材料的生物相容性、可降解性,进一步丰富晶态多孔聚合物的功能和应用.本综述概括了利用氨基酸功能化MOF和COF材料的制备策略,主要包括以氨基酸及其衍生物作为构筑单元、骨架共价修饰氨基酸、以氨基酸作为调节剂;并重点介绍了这些材料在手性拆分、催化、吸附以及质子传导等领域的应用.最后,本综述分析了当前氨基酸功能化的晶态多孔聚合物面临的困难与挑战,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望.     

羧基配体金属有机骨架材料作为催化剂的研究进展

<正>金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是由无机金属中心与多齿有机配体通过配位键形成的立体网络结构多孔晶体材料[1].MOFs具有多孔性、大比表面积、结构规整、有机配体的可修饰性、金属离子的可选择性等特点,在气体吸附、气体分离、磁性材料、光学材料和催化剂等领域得到广泛的应用[2-6].尤其是在催化方面,MOFs结合了金属有机配合物和分子筛的优点,可以直接用作催化剂,也可作为催化剂载体使用.     

Zr-Based MOFs with High Drug Loading for Adsorption Removal of Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Potential Drug Storage

A robust and highly water stable series of UiO-66-drived MOFs including UiO-66-NH₂, glycidyl methacrylate functionalized UiO-66-NH₂ (UiO-66-GMA) and ethylenediamine functionalized UiO-66-NH₂ (UiO-66-EDA) were synthesized solvothermally and studied their adsorption performances toward two anti-cancer drugs, methotrexate (MTX) and curcumin (CUR) in the case of overdose. It was found that functionalizing the surface of UiO-66-NH₂ nanoparticles with different functional groups remarkably changes the adsorption capacity and the ideal adsorption selectivity of MTX over CUR. Particularly, the UiO-66-EDA exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for both drugs, 540.78 and 423.85 mg/g for MTX and CUR, respectively, because of the strong interaction between drug molecules and adsorbent via hydrogen bonding due to the existence of different polar functional groups. The kinetics of drugs adsorption was investigated by three well-known kinetic models, which the output indicates that the adsorption of both drugs onto the synthesized MOFs follow the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, it was found that the equilibrium adsorption results were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm models, revealing that the adsorption of both drugs onto the synthesized MOFs is a monolayer adsorption process. Further investigation illustrated that the synthesized MOFs could be easily activated and reused after four successive adsorption–desorption cycles. The output of the present work is of main important for biomedical and environmental applications of MOFs as an outstanding adsorbent for adsorption removal of hazardous drugs from contaminated aqueous solutions.     

Tailor-made metal-organic frameworks from functionalized molecular building blocks and length-adjustable organic linkers by stepwise synthesis

In this work, we have demonstrated a family of diamondoid metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on functionalized molecular building blocks and length-adjustable organic linkers by using a stepwise synthesis strategy. We have successfully achieved not only "design" and "control" to synthesize MOFs, but also the functionalization of both secondary building units (SBUs) and organic linkers in the same MOF for the first time. Furthermore, the results of N(2) and H(2) adsorption show that their surface areas and hydrogen uptake capacities are determined by the most optimal combination of functional groups from SBUs and organic linkers, interpenetration, and free volume in this system. A member of this series, DMOF-6 exhibits the highest surface area and H(2) adsorption capacity among this family of MOFs.     

金属有机骨架材料在吸附分离大气污染物中的应用

大气污染问题是关系人民生命健康和经济社会和谐发展的重大问题.因此需要开发高效的吸附材料用于大气污染物的吸附和分离.金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是一类新型的多孔材料,该材料具有结构多样、孔结构有序、大比表面积和高孔隙率等结构特点.MOFs通过调节有机配体的长度和官能团调节孔径和孔道尺寸,并进行功能化修饰在孔道中引入功能性...     

功能化金属有机骨架材料在放射性离子检测中的应用

With the shortage of fossil energy and increasing environmental pollution, nuclear energy has received extensive attention by its virtue of high energy density and low emission of greenhouse gases. However, radioactive nuclear waste remains a serious task for its safe and effective disposal due to their harmful effects on human health and the environment. As a new type of multifunctional nanomaterial, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are synthesized via the self-assembling combination of inorganic metals and organic ligands. Compared with traditional porous materials, MOFs have broad application prospects in the adsorption and detection of radioactive ions. In this paper, we reviewed the functional modification strategies of MOFs and summarized the progress in the applications of functionalized MOFs in removal and fluorescence sensing of contaminated ions in recent years. Besides, the future development trends are also discussed.     

Tailor‐Made Metal–Organic Frameworks from Functionalized Molecular Building Blocks and Length‐Adjustable Organic Linkers by Stepwise Synthesis

In this work, we have demonstrated a family of diamondoid metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on functionalized molecular building blocks and length‐adjustable organic linkers by using a stepwise synthesis strategy. We have successfully achieved not only “design” and “control” to synthesize MOFs, but also the functionalization of both secondary building units (SBUs) and organic linkers in the same MOF for the first time. Furthermore, the results of N₂ and H₂ adsorption show that their surface areas and hydrogen uptake capacities are determined by the most optimal combination of functional groups from SBUs and organic linkers, interpenetration, and free volume in this system. A member of this series, DMOF‐6 exhibits the highest surface area and H₂ adsorption capacity among this family of MOFs.     

Influence of Functional Groups and Modi cation Sites of Metal-Organic Frameworks on CO2/CH4 Separation: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

In order to explore the in uence of modification sites of functional groups on landfill gas (CO₂/CH₄) separation performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), six types of organic linkers and three types of functional groups (i.e. -F, -NH₂, -CH₃) were used to construct 36 MOFs of pcu topology based on copper paddlewheel. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed in this work to evaluate the separation performance of MOFs at low (vacuum swing adsorption) and high (pressure swing adsorption) pressures, respectively. Simulation results demonstrated that CO₂ working capacity of the unfunctionalized MOFs generally exhibits pore-size dependence at 1 bar, which increases with the decrease in pore sizes. It was also found that -NH₂ functionalized MOFs exhibit the highest CO₂ uptake due to the enhanced Coulombic interactions between the polar -NH₂ groups and the quadrupole moment of CO₂ molecules, which is followed by -CH₃ and -F functionalized ones. Moreover, positioning the functional groups -NH₂ and -CH₃ at sites far from the metal node (site b) exhibits more significant enhancement on CO₂/CH₄ separation performance compared to that adjacent to the metal node (site a).     

极性基团修饰金属有机框架材料吸附分离CO2的研究进展

基于从废气中脱除回收CO_2的迫切现实需求,通过对金属有机框架材料(MOFs)进行功能化修饰,构筑具有高容量、高选择性CO_2吸附的耐水MOFs材料成为当前的研究热点。本文首先对MOFs材料的高压CO_2吸附进行了简单的介绍;进而,针对实际工业应用中低压条件下的CO_2捕集,对作为调节MOFs材料CO_2低压吸附分离性能的有效手段的含氮以及杂原子极性基团修饰进行了综述。     

Pore Surface Engineering with Controlled Loadings of Functional Groups via Click Chemistry in Highly Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks

Reactions of ZrCl(4) and single or mixed linear dicarboxylic acids bearing methyl or azide groups lead to highly stable isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with content-tunable, accessible, reactive azide groups inside the large pores. These Zr-based MOFs offer an ideal platform for pore surface engineering by anchoring various functional groups with controlled loadings onto the pore walls via the click reaction, endowing the MOFs with tailor-made interfaces. Significantly, the framework and crystallinity of the functionalized MOFs are well-retained, and the engineered pore surfaces have been demonstrated to be readily accessible, thus providing more opportunities for powerful and broad applications of MOFs.     

功能化介孔材料在环境领域的应用研究进展

介孔材料是一种具有较大比表面积和高度有序孔道结构的材料,而功能化介孔材料是将介孔材料改性而使其具有不同的功能。这种材料由于具有极好的吸附和催化性能而被广泛应用于环境领域中。本文总结了功能化介孔材料的制备方法,包括引入官能团、掺杂金属和酸改性;探讨分析了几种制备方法下的功能化介孔材料的特点和应用前景;重点介绍了功能化介孔材料在吸附重金属、有机污染物、染料、CO2以及催化领域的研究进展;最后展望了未来功能化介孔材料的应用前景和发展趋势,以期为功能化介孔材料的发展提供参考和指明方向。