H2,C2H4在铂及铂锡合金上化学吸附的量子化学计算

本文详尽地分析了推广的休克尔分子轨道理论方法(EHMO)中参量化过程。借助于计算双原子体系选择出合理的经验参数和近似方式,引进了过渡金属内层原子轨道排斥作用项。分别计算了H,H₂,C₂H₄和C₂H₃在铂及铂锡合金上化学吸附键能,计算结果表明,同铂金属比较,在铂锡合金上H原子,C₂H₄分子的化学吸附键变弱在锡富集的铂锡合金上单个的铂原子不能解离吸附H₂分子,在铂锡合金上C₂H₄脱氢反应较难进行。     

2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶核磁共振谱的解析

我们在前文^[1]曾对ABC三自旋质子磁共振谱的标划归属提出了一个新的方法。在另一篇文章中^[2],用核磁共振谱鉴定了2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶的化学结构。本文则根据我们提出的新方法对2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶的核磁共振谱进行归属,并在此基础上计算了它的化学位移和偶合常数。因此,本文既是前文^[1]理论的一个验证,也是第一次得到2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶核磁共振的有关分子参数。     

大环炔基噻吩衍生物的结构和UV-Vis光谱的理论研究

用DFT 和TDDFT方法对大环炔基噻吩衍生物的结构和UV-Vis光谱进行了理论研究. 对分子不同的对称性结构(C₁, C₅, C_5v)进行了优化, 得到了稳定的几何构型.以优化构型为基础计算了分子的UV-Vis光谱, 结果表明, C₅,C_5v对称性下丁基取代的分子构型(C[3T_DA]₅-Bu)都是较稳定的; 当分子构型具有C₅对称性时, 得到的光谱数据与实验值符合的较好. 对于大环噻吩C[3T_DA]₅衍生物, 性质相同取代基的体积大小及分子对称性都将影响结构的稳定性.     

多肽IS4溶液构象的进一步NMR研究

利用二维核磁共振技术对多肽IS4中除Ser-1外的所有残基质子进行了指认.积分NOESY谱中的相关峰可得到距离约束.二面角的约束来自偶合常数³J_NHα.由慢交换质子可得到氢键的约束.在进行距离几何程序计算时利用这些约束可得到一组构象,用能量最优化程序优化后的结果表明,多肽IS4在CF₃CD₂OH中的构象为α-螺旋.     

超临界条件下离子液体催化苯与丙烯烷基化的反应机理研究

用FT-IR和¹H NMR分析KOH无水乙醇溶液滴定前后的盐酸三乙胺无水乙醇溶液, 发现(C₂H₅)₃NHCl中的H具有显著的质子酸性, 且在滴定过程中有KCl生成, 滴定后的¹H NMR谱中δ 7.3处的谱峰完全消失. 将合成的(C₂H₅)₃NHCl/AlCl₃离子液体脱水, 在超临界条件下催化全氘代苯与丙烯的烷基化. 用同位素取代法, 研究了反应机理. 结果表明, 脱水后的离子液体仍然可以催化烷基化反应, 液体产物的GC-MS分析结果支持正碳离子机理. 对比反应前后离子液体的¹H NMR谱图发现, 反应后离子液体中盐酸三乙胺中与N相连H的谱峰强度较反应前降低了80.12%, 可能是引发反应消耗了这部分H.     

几个新乌头碱型——二萜生物碱的13C核磁共振谱研究

本文报道云南药用乌头属植物中乌头碱型二萜生物碱乌头碱(aconitine,1),滇乌碱(yunaconitine,3),黄草乌碱甲(vilmorrianine A,5)、碱乙(vilmorrianine B,即karakoline,8)、碱丙(vilmorrianine C,7)、碱丁(vilmorrianine D,9)和鹤乌碱(scopaline,10)及3-乙酰乌头碱(2),3-乙酰滇乌碱(4)和3-乙酰黄草乌碱甲(6)的¹³C核磁共振谱。根据偏共振去偶及取代基加和律计算,并与类似物比较,对这些化合物各碳原子的共振讯号给予了指定,且进一步确定了新生物碱3,5,7,9的结构。对1,3,5,8及2,4,6中的羟基和乙酰基取代效应也作了分析,并通过对1,3,5及2,4,6的比较而修正了Pelletier对1中C₂和C₁₂化学位移的指定。还证明8中因C₁为α-OH而形成分子内氢键,使A环呈船式构型,所以A环上碳的化学位移与一般的椅式构型有显著差异。本文还报道了从鹤庆紫草乌(Aconitum episcopale Levl.)中分到的一新生物碱——鹤乌碱(scopaline)。根据红外光谱、质谱及¹H和¹³C核磁共振谱,确定其结构为10。     

C59(C6H4OCH3)N的结构、光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

用INDO系列方法对由(C₅₉N)₂和苯甲醚合成的衍生物C₅₉(C₆H₄OCH₃)N进行了理论研究,得到了分子的稳定构型.结果表明,C₅₉(C₆H₄OCH₃)N具有C_s对称性.以优化构型为基础讨论了分子的UV-Vis光谱、NMR谱线数,结果与实验符合得很好.本文还计算了C₅₉(C₆H₄OCH₃)N的二阶非线性光学系数β_μ,结果表明这种物质具有较大的二阶非线性光学系数.     

2D-NMR测定人参皂苷Rb~1溶液中的三维空间结构

本文用一维和二维NMR归属了人参皂苷Rb~1的质子化学位移, 测定了质子偶合常数, 并用相敏NOESY谱测定了分子中质子间的距离。以所测定的化学位移, 偶合常数和质子间距等NMR结构参数为初始数据, 用自编和改进的分子结构计算程序计算出人参皂苷Rb~1在溶液中的三维空间结构。     

C59(CHPh2)N的电子结构、UV-Vis光谱、NMR谱及非线性光学性质的理论研究

用INDO系列方法对由(C₅₉N)₂和CH₂Ph₂合成的第一个C₅₉N衍生物C₅₉(CHPh₂)N进行了理论研究,得到了C₅₉(CHPh₂)N的稳定分子构型,表明C₅₉(CHPh₂)N为Cs对称性,并在此基础上讨论了C₅₉(CHPh₂)N的UV-Vis光谱、NMR谱.计算表明C₅₉(CHPh₂)N的二阶非线性光学系数β_μ较大.     

几种芴衍生物(有机材料增感剂)的13C核磁共振研究

利用FX-60Q脉冲付里叶变换核磁共振波谱仪(磁场强度为14093高斯,观察频率为15.04MH_z)测定了四种劳衍生物的非去偶谱、偏共振谱和质子完全去偶谱。借助于偏共振技术、质子噪声(宽带)去偶、取代基化学位移加合规则以及模式化合物比较,确定了各峰的化学位移和一键、二键及三键偶合常数。实验结果表明,用化学位移和偶合常数的值除帮助识别各峰的归属外,还能推断未知化合物的碳键状态及取代基电负性的大小,对鉴别化合物结构可提供有用的线索。     

蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量测定的不确定度评估

按照SN/T1864-2007《进出口动物源食品中氯霉素残留量的检测方法第2部分:液相色谱串联质谱法》对蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量进行分析。通过建立数学模型,对测量结果的各不确定度来源,如标准使用液、内标、回归方程、方法重复性等引入的不确定度分量及其灵敏系数进行分析和量化。当蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量为0.108μg/kg时,扩展不确定度为0.012μg/kg(k=2)。     

THE PHOTOLYSIS OF TRYPTOPHAN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

Abstract— Quantum yields for the destruction of tryptophan by a single 500 J flash in aqueous solution have been determined over the pH range 1–13 in both air-equilibrated and nitrogen-saturated conditions. When these quantum yields are compared with the quantum yields for radical formation and photoejection of electrons, it is found that there is good agreement only for the nitrogen-saturated case. In air-equilibrated solutions of tryptophan, there is a large disparity between the measured degradation quantum yields and those for photoejection of electrons and radical formation. Oxygen, therefore, is playing a major role in the photochemical decomposition and it is proposed that the major reaction which occurs, under normal atmospheric conditions, is the reaction of the lowest triplet excited state of tryptophan with oxygen.
Preliminary photolysis-product distributions against pH are discussed, and indicate that a total of nine major products are formed in the presence of oxygen.     

丙烯聚合络合催化剂形成过程的研究

以倍半物为还原剂还原TiCl_4,经异戊醚络合处理,然后在TiCl_4己烷溶液中35℃条件下热处理,制得对丙烯聚合具有高活性和高定向度的络合催化剂。研究了制备过程中各步反应产物的组成和结构特征,并讨论了TiCl_3低温晶型转变机理。     

THE ROLE OF HYDRATION IN THE PHOTOTRANSFORMATION OF PHYTOCHROME

Abstract— Changes in the visible absorption spectrum and in phototransformation of phytochrome have been found to be associated with dehydration and rehydration. These spectral properties explain the previously reported rapid appearance of phytochrome in imbibing seeds. No evidence was found for the orientation of the phytochrome chromophore in gelatin films or in preparations subjected to a shearing force.     

合金中痕量元素标准物质研制进展

通过对国内外高温合金、铝合金痕量元素标准物质的比较,评述了我国合金中痕量元素标准物质在种类、量值水平及不确定度等方面的进展。     

ON THE ROLE OF TYROSINE IN THE PHOTOCYCLE OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Abstract -The rate of formation of the M intermediate ( k _M) in the photocycles of bacteriorhodopsin (bR₅₇₀) and of nitrated bacteriorhodopsin (bR₅₃₂ⁿ), is measured over the range between pH 6.5 and 11.5. In the case of bR₅₇₀, k _M is markedly pH dependent, exhibiting a titration-like curve with pK ∽ 10.3. The pH dependency is completely eliminated by nitration. On the basis of previous work by Lemke and Oesterhelt (1981), the effect is attributed to the specific modification of the Tyr 26 residue. The data are rationalized by a mechanism in which deprotonation of Tyr 26 at the stage of the L intermediate constitutes a prerequisite for deprotonation of the retinal-lysine SchifT base. Both reactions are intimately associated with the photo-induced proton pump mechanism.     

抽吸过程中尼古丁在烟丝和滤咀中分布的研究

吸烟有害健康。尤以香烟中尼古丁对人体健康的危害 ,已众所周知。美国卫生局和各种癌症研究机构一再就吸烟的危害对人们作出警告 ,但人们所吸的烟还是比以往任何时候都要多 ,完全消灭吸烟在相当长时期内难以实现。因此 ,研究吸烟过程中尼古丁在香烟中的分布情况 ,寻找较为安全、适宜的吸烟区间 ,减少吸烟过程中尼古丁对人体健康的危害 ,成为本文关心的问题。为了降低烟草中有害物质对人体的危害 ,目前在国内外 ,一般均在香烟上加一过滤咀 ,以吸滤烟草中部分尼古丁及其它物质。因而 ,为了提高滤咀对其尼古丁的吸滤率 ,在滤咀中添加油酸酰胺、…     

STEPS IN THE POPULATION OF THE EMITTER IN THE BACTERIAL LUCIFERASE REACTION

Abstract— The reaction of luciferase-bound flavin hydroperoxide with both I-¹H and 1–²H decanal has been examined at 2°C in both low (0.01 M ) and high (0.35 M ) phosphate buffer, pH 7, where the kinetics and deuterium isotope effects are quite different. Upon reaction in both buffers there are rapid (<2 ms) increases in absorption at both 380 and W nm, followed by decay over the subsequent seconds and minutes. The changes at 380 nm exhibit a primary isotope effect and are rapid compared to bioluminescence, indicating that the scission of the aldehyde C — H bond occurs prior to the step responsible for populating the electronically excited state. However, the final absorbance change at 600 nm decays in parallel to bioluminescence under the several different conditions studied, suggesting the involvement of a long-wavelength absorbing flavin species in the production of, the excited state. Evidence is also presented indicating that under certain conditions there may be two (sequential) steps, each of which exhibits a primary isotope effect involving the same H atom.     

THE ROLE OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE PHOTOTAXIS OF THE NEMATODE Mermis nigrescens

Abstract A dense zone of crystalline hemoglobin in the head has been presumed to be involved in the photosensitivity of Mermis. With the aim of identifying its role, we have studied the wavelength dependence of the phototaxis. Measuring phototaxic efficiency at constant photon fluence rate (intensity), we find that the spectral response curve is approximately fiat from 350–540 nm and falls to an insignificant level by 580 nm. This is unlike the absorptance (fraction absorbed) spectrum of the hemoglobin pigmentation. Also, fluence-rate/response curves at 420 and 500 nm occur at the same fluence rates even though these wavelengths correspond to a maximum and a minimum of hemoglobin absorption. These results prove that the hemoglobin cannot be functioning as the visual pigment in phototaxis but, for reasons discussed, they neither confirm nor rule out a role as a shadowing pigment. The results are consistent with a shadowing role in the presence of contrast enhancement by the nervous system.
A steep fluence-rate dependence suggests that contrast enhancement does occur in Mermis phototaxis. The 420 or 500 nm fluence rate for half-maximal response is 6 times 10 photons s^-1 cm^-2 (about equivalent in effectiveness to pre-dawn twilight). The wide range of sensitivity, 350–560 nm, has interesting implications as to the nature of the visual pigment.
†NATO reaearch collaborator a n leave from the Department of Biophysics. Laboratorium voor Algemene Natuurkunde, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Westersin-gel 34. 9718 CM Groningen, The Netherlands.