荧光碳量子点的特性及检测巯基化合物的研究进展

巯基化合物是生物体内一类重要的抗氧剂,包括半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽等生物硫醇类化合物,在体内参与一系列典型的生化反应,有助于维持正常的生理功能,当含量异常会导致多种疾病.因此,定量检测巯基化合物在相关疾病研究和诊断方面具有重要的意义.目前,利用高选择性、高灵敏度的荧光探针检测巯基化合物已成为前沿课题之一.碳量子点(CDs)因具有优良的荧光稳定性、极好的生物相容性、耐光漂白以及易制备等优良的性能,作为一类荧光探针检测巯基化合物得到了广泛的应用.类似于其他纳米探针,当荧光CDs用于检测巯基化合物时,基于信号检测的竞争机制,引入猝灭剂和巯基化合物竞争性结合荧光碳量子点,由于巯基化合物的高亲和力和强亲核性,使荧光恢复.本文综述了碳量子点的制备和特性,以及在检测巯基化合物方面的研究进展.     

生物硫醇荧光探针的研究进展

生物硫醇(包含半胱氨酸、高半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽)在生命活动中扮演了重要的角色,其浓度的异常变化与某些疾病息息相关,因此对硫醇的检测具有重要意义.荧光探针因具有灵敏度高、时空分辨率好、无损伤、可视化等优势,在生物硫醇的检测方面得到了高度重视.利用硫醇在分子结构上的共同点(含巯基的氨基酸)和差异(分子大小、亲核性、空间位阻、细胞内含量),可通过迈克尔加成、亲核芳基取代、加成环化等反应实现对硫醇的选择性检测.综述了近3年来硫醇荧光探针领域的研究进展.首先介绍了对硫醇有选择性识别的荧光探针,随后分类讨论了对半胱氨酸、高半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽各具有特异性检测的荧光探针,并重点介绍了分子设计、识别机理、荧光性质和成像应用,初步探讨了部分探针在监测细胞生命活动中的作用,同时还对本领域的发展提出了展望.     

基于菁染料高选择性检测半胱氨酸的近红外荧光探针

本文设计合成了以菁染料为荧光团,以4-(三氟甲基)苯硫基为半胱氨酸响应识别基团的近红外荧光探针(Cy-CF_3)。利用探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽反应发生的机理不同,实现了对半胱氨酸特异性识别。探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸发生芳香亲核取代反应生成巯基取代产物,进一步通过分子内重排反应生成氨基取代产物Cy-Cys。光谱研究结果表明,探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸作用后发生明显的吸收波长蓝移(160nm),并且可观察到明显的颜色变化;荧光光谱中,随着半胱氨酸的加入,探针分子Cy-CF_3在780nm处的近红外荧光显著增强。Cy-CF_3能高选择性检测半胱氨酸,并且不受其它氨基酸尤其是结构类似的谷胱甘肽干扰。探针分子Cy-CF_3被成功地应用于活体细胞中检测半胱氨酸。     

荧光可视化技术在食品分析中的应用进展

介绍了常见的荧光可视化传感器(比率、纸基、分子印迹荧光传感器),荧光可视化传感机制(荧光共振能量转移、内滤效应、光诱导电子转移、聚集诱导猝灭、聚集性诱导发射、分子内电荷转移、金属-配体电荷转移等)及其判定方法，综述了量子点(普通量子点和生物质量子点)、有机荧光物质和金属荧光纳米团簇等发光物质作为荧光可视化探针在食品分析中的应用，并对其发展前景进行了展望(引用文献69篇)。     

巯基类荧光探针的研究进展

生物硫醇类物质,如半胱氨酸、高半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽等,在生命体中有至关重要的生理和病理作用.因此,近几年对生物硫醇的研究成了一大热点.目前巯基类荧光探针的设计主要是基于巯基的强亲核性.根据荧光探针与巯基反应的不同的机理,综述了近几年关于检测硫醇的荧光探针的合成报道,从迈克尔加成、醛基的环化、裂解、取代和其他几个方面对探针的检测限、响应时间、当量比、选择性、稳定性等进行了综述.     

绿色、经济合成荧光碳纳米粒子并以此为探针实现对汞离子的灵敏性及选择性检测

汞离子(Hg2+)是最危险的污染物之一。荧光检测法已被证明是具有高灵敏度、可实现快速分析并对样品破坏性较小的有效方法。大量的荧光探针包括有机小分子、金属纳米簇和半导体量子点等已被广泛用于荧光检测Hg2+。然而这些荧光材料通常具有合成步骤     

有机巯基小分子生物荧光探针研究进展

生命体内许多重要的巯基小分子,如半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)和还原谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)等,在维持生命体系中的氧化还原平衡发挥着重要作用。因此,定量检测和专一性识别巯基生物分子在生物医学研究中具有非常重要的意义。荧光分析法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好、实时检测以及对生物体损伤小等优点而受到广泛关注。双光子荧光探针技术相对于单光子荧光技术具有长波吸收,短波发射、高度的三维空间选择性、大的穿透深度、避免荧光漂白和光致毒以及降低组织自发荧光干扰等特点,在生命科学领域具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了有机单光子和双光子巯基小分子荧光探针的研究现状,同时展望了有机巯基小分子荧光探针未来的研究方向。     

宽pH响应范围的比率荧光纳米探针的构建

基于化学剥离法制备MoS_2量子点,以荧光素和罗丹明B为pH荧光响应基团,经巯基共价修饰在MoS_2量子点表面后构建了宽pH检测范围的比率荧光纳米探针dl-MoS_2。对其光谱学性质和pH响应荧光性质进行了研究。结果表明,dl-MoS_2具有pH选择性识别作用,且对pH响应范围可以通过荧光配体和罗丹明配体的比例进行调节,当荧光素配体与罗丹明配体的摩尔比为1:10时,制备得到的dl-MoS_2探针具有最宽的pH响应范围(pH 4～9),该方法能有效的扩宽荧光探针的pH检测范围。进一步研究表明,dl-MoS_2探针对pH的检测可用作生命体内pH成像检测的荧光探针。     

分子印迹荧光探针在农药检测中的应用进展北大核心CSCD

分子印迹聚合物由于可特异性地从样品溶液中富集目标物,已被广泛应用于粮食、果蔬等食品以及水、土壤等环境中农药的提取和检测.将分子印迹技术和量子点修饰技术相结合形成的分子印迹荧光探针,可以实现对目标物的高灵敏快速检测.据此,对分子印迹技术的原理、制备方法及应用进行了概述,并进一步阐述了量子点修饰的分子印迹荧光探针在农药检测中的应用和展望.     

CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针的合成及表征

采用水相合成法合成了巯基乙酸(TGA)修饰的水溶性CdTe量子点,通过反相微乳液法制备了二氧化硅及壳聚糖修饰的核壳型复合荧光纳米粒子,将其与DNA吸附连接,得到CdTe量子点DNA荧光纳米探针。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、荧光光谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、ζ电位等测试方法对产物的理化性质进行了分析表征。结果表明制备了表面富含氨基的复合荧光纳米粒子,其对DNA具有良好的吸附作用。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.