含刚性链节和脲端基聚醚增韧剂改性环氧树脂的研究———反应活性及力学性能

合成了一系列既含环氧丙烷聚醚（ＰＰＧ）柔性间隔基、又含刚性介晶结构单元的端脲基活性改性剂（ＬＣＥＵＰＰＧ），并对其改性环氧树脂Ｅ ５１／双氰双胺（Ｅ ５１／ｄｉｃｙ）体系的固化反应活性、改性剂含量对增韧体系动态力学性能及冲击性能的影响进行了研究．结果表明：ＬＣＥＵＰＰＧ的加入对固化体系具有明显的增韧作用，冲击强度提高了３～７倍；其对Ｅ ５１／ｄｉｃｙ固化反应具有明显的促进作用，可使固化反应表观活化能（Ｅａ）降低５０～７０ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ、固化温度降低３０～４０℃；体系的玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ）略有下降，但模量基本不降低或略有升高；β 转变向低温方向移动．     

界面改性剂在聚丙烯／高岭土二相复合体系中的作用

从高岭土（Ｋａｏｌｉｎ）填充聚丙烯（ＰＰ）体系的界面分子设计入手，研究了界面改性剂对填料的分散性，聚丙烯基体的结晶行为，填充熔体流变性质以及材料力学性能的影响．结果表明，界面改性剂降低了填料的高表面能，改善了填料分散状况．界面改性剂的加入，填充熔体粘度接近纯聚丙烯数值．经界面改性剂处理后，填充材料缺口悬臂梁冲击强度随填料量的增加而急剧升高，在填料量为３０Ｗｔ％时，冲击强度达到４８０Ｊ／Ｍ，是未处理材料的十二倍，添加至填料量为５０ｗｔ％时，冲击强度没有明显降低．     

界面改性对玻纤增强聚丙烯弯曲强度的影响

为了提高玻纤增强聚丙烯（ＰＰ）的界面粘结，分别用Ｂ３０１或硅烷偶联剂对玻纤表面进行了处理，用过氧化物和顺丁烯二酸酐对ＰＰ进行了改性。经处理和改性后，ＰＰ／ＧＦ复合材料的弯曲强度有明显提高，对玻纤增强聚丙烯的界面结构也作了探讨。     

高性能无机粒子填充聚丙烯／三元乙丙橡胶复合材料

针对聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）／滑石粉三相复合体系的特点，采用无机填料表面处理和加入反应性组分的方法，促使无机填料在熔融加工过程中进入橡胶相，即在无机填料表面形成弹性界面相，研究了这种弹性相对复合材料加工性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，形成的弹性界面相可以促使三相复合体系中的无机填料满足刚性粒子增韧聚合物材料的条件，三相复合材料因而达到同时具有高韧性和高模量的目的。     

界面改性剂对刚性粒子增韧尼龙6熔体流变行为的影响

研究了界面改性剂对高岭土增韧尼龙６熔体流变行为的影响,并与硅烷偶联剂ＫＨ５５０进行了比较．结果表明,ＫＨ５５０的加入明显降低了高岭土填充尼龙６熔体的粘度和弹性,而界面改性剂显著地增强了它的粘度和弹性．这一差别应归因于同ＫＨ５５０相比,界面改性剂更有效地增强了高岭土与尼龙６基体之间的界面结合和其自身的回弹性能．同时,界面改性剂的用量对高岭土填充尼龙６流变行为具有很大影响．当界面改性剂的用量为高岭土和尼龙６总量的２％时,界面改性剂在高岭土表面上趋于“饱和”,再增加界面改性剂的用量,对流变行为的影响不大．     

纳米刚性微粒与橡胶弹性微粒同时增强增韧聚丙烯的研究

通过力学性能测试、动态力学试验、ＤＳＣ 分析以及材料断面形貌与结构分析等手段,对以纳米二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２） 为刚性微粒、以三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ） 为弹性微粒组成的聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 的同时增强增韧效果进行了研究．结果显示,上述两种微粒可同时大幅度提高ＰＰ 的韧性、强度和模量,当ＰＰ／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 为８０／３／２０ 时,两种微粒体现较明显的协同增韧效应．纳米ＳｉＯ２ 可提高ＰＰ 的结晶温度和结晶速度,并使球晶细化．纳米ＳｉＯ２ 刚性微粒在ＰＰ连续相中以微粒团聚体形态分布,构成团聚体的平均微粒数约为６ ～７ ,其与ＰＰ基体表现出较强的结合牢度．ＰＰ／ 纳米ＳｉＯ２／ＥＰＤＭ 的综合性能已接近或达到工程塑料的性能．     

MMA接枝改性PVC/CaCO3纳米复合材料的力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC（PVC/CaCO3）复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,通过表面PMMA的接枝改性,可以显著提高纳米CaCO3增韧聚氯乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量,在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面PMMA包覆层厚度为2nm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量达到极大值.对比于未处理纳米CaCO3和钛酸酯偶联剂处理纳米CaCO3,PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC复合材料的拉伸强度得到较大幅度提高.SEM显示,经过PMMA接枝改性后的碳酸钙在PVC基体中分散均匀,与基体界面结合良好.     

短玻璃纤维增韧硬质聚氯乙烯的机理研究

短玻璃纤维增韧硬质聚氯乙烯的机理研究叶林忠，吴其晔（青岛化工学院高分子材料与工程系，青岛，２６６０４２）关键词短玻璃纤维，硬质聚氯乙烯（Ｒ－ＰＶＣ），增韧机理弹性体增韧塑料机理的研究已经向模型化和定量化方向发展ｌ‘］，刚性粒子增韧塑料的机理正在逐渐完...     

刚性有机粒子对聚氯乙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混体系形态和增韧机理的研究

刚性有机粒子对聚氯乙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混体系形态和增韧机理的研究周丽玲，吴其晔，杨文君，刘士龙，张漫（青岛化工学院橡胶系青岛２６６０４２）关键词刚性有机填料，聚氯乙烯ＰＶＣ，氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）形态，增韧机理在共混改性中，弹性体增韧硬质聚氯乙烯（ｎｙＶ...     

辣根过氧化物酶的电化学固定化及其对H2O2的生物电催化…

利用电化学固定化方法制备了聚吡咯／辣根过氧化物酶（ＰＰ／ＨＲＰ）膜电极，并研究了其电化学行为，在除氧的磷酸盐缓冲液介质中，ＰＰ／ＨＲＰ电极加速Ｈ２Ｏ２的还原，归因子酶加成物的直接电子传递，探索ＨＲＰ与电子传递体Ｋ４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６在聚吡咯（ＰＰ）膜中的同时固定化条件及其膜电极的电化学行为，实验证实，Ｋ４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６在酶膜中的存在使得Ｈ２Ｏ２的还原电位强烈正移，在－０．０５Ｖ的工作电位下能对Ｈ２Ｏ２     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF KAOLIN TOUGHENED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES

The relation between the rheological behavior and various interfacial properties ofKaolin rigid particle toughened polypropylene (PP / Kaolin) composites were studied bymeans of parallel-plate rheometer, melt flow rate apparatus, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and other testing methods. The results show that addition of interfacial modffier toPP/Kaolin composites is advantageous to homogeneous dispersion of filler in PP matrix,formation of flexible interlayer between Kaolin particles and PP matrix and Amprovementof the melt processibility of the composites.     

纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯复合材料的反应性增容

利用反应性增容技术制备了纳米二氧化硅/聚丙烯复合材料.首先探讨了将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物接枝到纳米二氧化硅粒子表面进行改性的各种影响因素,然后将接枝改性纳米二氧化硅与聚丙烯以及作为反应性增容剂的氨基化聚丙烯共混.结果表明,改性粒子上的环氧基与氨基化聚丙烯上的氨基之间的化学反应大大增强了复合材料的界面作用,从而在粒子含量很低时明显提高了聚丙烯的拉伸强度、模量和冲击强度.     

Mechanical properties and morphology for polypropylene composites filled with microencapsulated red phosphorus

The effects of the microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) content and specimen thickness on the mechanical properties of the filled polypropylene (PP) composites were studied at room temperature. The results showed that the influence of the MRP on the tensile and impact properties of the composites was significant, and the Young's modulus and impact strength of the composites increased nonlinearly while the tensile strength decreased slightly with increasing the MRP weight fraction; the tensile elongation at break increased outstandingly when the MRP weight fraction was less than 2% and then decreased with increasing the MRP weight fraction. Furthermore, the impact fracture surface was examined by scanning electronic microscope. The results suggested that the toughening effect was attributed to the absorption of impact fracture energy by the microencapsulated layer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of interfacial interactions on the mechanical behavior of hybrid composites of polypropylene / short glass fibers / hollow glass beads

Ternary composites of Polypropylene (PP)/Short Glass fibers (GF)/Hollow Glass Beads (HGB), with varying total and relative GF/HGB contents and using untreated and aminosilane-treated HGB compatibilized with maleated-PP, were prepared by direct injection molding of pre-extrusion compounded GF and HGB concentrates. The mechanical strength properties (tensile, flexural and Izod impact) were correlated with theoretical model predictions for hybrid composites, which identified synergistic gains over the rule of hybrid mixtures, depending upon the degree of interfacial interactions between the components of the hybrid composite. SEM analysis of cryofractured composites surfaces revealed that the presence of untreated HGB particles induces fiber-polymer interfacial decoupling under mechanical loading of the hybrid composites at much lower stress levels than in the presence of treated HGB particles. Higher storage modulus (E′) and lower mechanical damping (tan δ) from DMTA established the importance of strong polymer-hybrid reinforcement interfacial interactions in the development of lightweight/high strength PP syntactic foams.     

Mechanical properties and morphological structures of short glass fiber reinforced PP/EPDM composite

The mechanical properties and crystal morphological structures of short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced dynamically photo-irradiated polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites were studied by mechanical tests, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The mechanical properties of PP/EPDM composites, especially the tensile strength were greatly strengthened by dynamically photo-irradiation and the incorporation of SGF. The results from the WAXD, SEM, DSC, and TGA measurements reveal: (i) the formation of β-type crystal of PP in the PP/EPDM/SGF composite; (ii) the fiber length in dynamically photo-irradiated PP/EPDM/SGF composites are general longer than that in corresponding unirradiated samples. The size of EPDM phase in the photo-irradiated composites reduces obviously whereas the droplet number increases; (iii) photo-irradiation improves the interface adhesion between SGF and polymer matrix; (iv) the melting and crystallization temperatures of the photo-irradiated composites are not affected greatly by increasing the SGF content; (v) the thermal analysis results show that the incorporation of SGF into PP/EPDM plays an important role for increasing its thermal stability.     

Evaluating of reinforcing effect of Ceratonia Siliqua for polypropylene: Tensile,flexural and other properties

The aim of this study is to investigate the reinforcing effect of Ceratonia siliqua (CS) powder as a novel natural filler for polypropylene (PP) based composites. CS powder up to 20 wt% was filled into PP matrix by using high speed thermo kinetic mixer. Mechanical and thermal properties of CS filled PP based composites were investigated by tensile and three point bending test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, fourier transform infrared analysis, and thermomechanical analysis. Morphology of the composites was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy. By filling 5% and 10% of CS into PP, tensile strength and flexural strength of PP increased by about 32 and 23%, respectively. This indicates that CS has a great potential to be used as reinforcing filler for PP composites. CS filling into PP led to lower coefficient of thermal expansion values which could help preventing the thermal expansion.     

Simultaneously Improving the Tensile and Impact Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene with the Cooperation of co-PP and β-nucleating Agent through Pressure Vibration Injection Molding

In this article, crystalline morphology and molecular orientation of isotactic polypropylene(i PP), random copolymerized polypropylene(co-PP) and ?-nucleating agent(?-NA) composites prepared by pressure vibration injection molding(PVIM) have been investigated via polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Results demonstrated that the interaction between co-PP and i PP molecular chains was beneficial for the mechanical improvement and the introduction of ?-NA further improved the toughness of i PP. In addition, after applying the pressure vibration injection molding(PVIM) technology, the shear layer thickness increased remarkably and the tensile strength improved consequently. Thus, the strength and toughness of i PP/co-PP/?-NA composites prepared by PVIM were simultaneously improved compared to those of the pure i PP prepared by conventional injection molding(CIM): the impact toughness was increased by five times and tensile strength was increased by 9 MPa. This work provided a new method to further enhance the properties of i PP/co-PP composites through dynamic processing strategy.     

The influence of KH-550 on properties of ammonium polyphosphate and polypropylene flame retardant composites

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by melt blending and extrusion in a twin-screw extruder. APP was first modified by a silane coupling agent KH-550 then added to polypropylene. The surface modification of APP by the coupling agent decreased its water solubility and its interface compatibility with the PP matrix. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the flame retardant property and the thermal stability of the composites. The addition of APP improved the flame retardancy of PP remarkably. The crystal structures of APP/PP composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that β-crystal phase PP may be formed. The structures and morphologies of APP, KH-550/APP and APP/PP composites were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The mechanical property tests showed good mechanical properties of composite materials. Compared with unmodified one, the impact strength, tensile strength and elongation of modified APP/PP were all improved.     

Structural and mechanical behavior of polypropylene/ maleated styrene‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐styrene/sisal fiber composites prepared by injection molding

Hybrid composites consisting of isotactic poly(propylene) (PP), sisal fiber (SF), and maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐styrene copolymer (MA‐SEBS) were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding. The melt‐compounding torque behavior, thermal properties, morphology, crystal structure, and mechanical behavior of the PP/MA‐SEBS/SF composites were systematically investigated. The torque test, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric, and scanning electron microscopic results all indicated that MA‐SEBS was an effective compatibilizer for the PP/SF composites, and there was a synergism between MA‐SEBS and PP/SF in the thermal stability of the PP/MA‐SEBS/SF composites. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the α form and β form of the PP crystals coexisted in the PP/MA‐SEBS/SF composites. With the incorporation of MA‐SEBS, the relative amount of β‐form PP crystals decreased significantly. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength and impact toughness of the PP/SF composites were generally improved by the incorporation of MA‐SEBS. The instrumented drop‐weight dart‐impact test was also used to examine the impact‐fracture behavior of these composites. The results revealed that the maximum impact force (F_max), impact‐fracture energy (E_T), total impact duration (t_r), crack‐initiation time (t_init), and crack‐propagation time (t_prop) of the composites all tended to increase with an increasing MA‐SEBS content. From these results, the incorporation of MA‐SEBS into PP/SF composites can retard both the crack initiation and propagation phases of the impact‐fracture process. These prolonged the crack initiation and propagation time and increased the energy consumption during impact fracture, thereby leading to toughening of PP/MA‐SEBS/SF composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1214–1222, 2002     

Crystallization and mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites with different elastomers

In this study, composites based on polypropylene (PP), basalt fiber (BF), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and different elastomers were manufactured by extrusion compounding and injection molding. The main focus of this study was to comparatively investigate the effect of three kinds of elastomers (ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM), polyethylene–octene (POE) and ethylene–vinyl–acetate (EVA)) on non-isothermal crystallization and mechanical properties of the composites with various BF contents. The tensile test results showed that BF had a reinforcing effect on PP resin, and the addition of MAPP further improved the tensile properties by the enhancement of PP/BF interfacial bonding. Among the elastomers, EPDM was more effective in improving the tensile strength and tensile modulus, while POE significantly toughened the impact strength. Micrographs of scanning electron microscope on the impact fracture surfaces indicated a good dispersion by the addition of POE and EPDM, while some agglomerations were observed in the presence of EVA. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated based on Avrami and Mo equations at six different cooling rates by using differential scanning calorimetry. Micrographic images of polarized optical microscopy showed that the spherulite size of PP reduced in the presence of EPDM and EVA.