稀土对铸造Cr12MoV模具钢碳化物形貌及性能的影响

研究了稀土元素对铸造Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ模具钢碳化物形貌及性能的影响。实验结果表明，稀土地Ｍ７Ｃ３型共晶碳化物有很强的变质作用，Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ模具钢铸态为粗大的网状共生共晶组织，经变质处理，共晶组织细化，离异共昌数量半多；热处理后共晶碳化物粒化且均匀分布，冲击韧性得到了明显提高，耐磨性比锻造Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＶ模具钢高出１倍以上。     

稀土变质及热处理对耐磨铸铁冲击疲劳性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察了经冲击疲劳试验后耐磨铸铁中碳化物的形貌、疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展,测定了稀土含量及加热温度与裂纹的长度和裂纹扩展之间的关系曲线,在此基础上探讨了稀土变质及热处理对耐磨铸铁冲击疲劳性能的影响.结果表明: 稀土能推迟裂纹萌生的时间,降低裂纹扩展速率,提高其冲击疲劳抗力.当稀土与热处理共同作用时,效果更显著.其原因主要归于网状共晶碳化物形态与分布的改变.     

稀土对白口铸铁中碳化物形貌及冲击疲劳的影响

利用高温度梯度的区熔定向凝固装置和冲击疲劳试验机，研究了稀土元素对低铬白口铸铁中碳化物形貌及冲击疲劳性能的影响。实验结果表明，稀土元素对Ｍ３Ｃ型碳化物有很强的变质作用，它可使板状炭化转变成板条状和杆状。稀土元素含量愈高，转变量愈多。稀土变质处理可有效地提高低铬白口铸铁的冲击疲劳抗力，降低裂纹扩展速率，推迟裂纹产生的时间。随稀土含量增加，冲击疲劳抗力大幅度增加，裂纹扩展速率成倍下降。     

稀土对莱氏体钢共晶碳化物粒化的影响

研究了稀土对莱氏体钢中共晶碳化物热处理粒化的影响，探讨了稀土元素的作用机制。结果表明：稀土细化了莱氏钢中奥氏体晶粒和共晶碳化物，使离异共晶数量增多，减少了Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ合金元素偏析，并使Ｍ７Ｃ３（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ、Ｃｒ）碳化物中孪晶等晶格缺陷增多，从而降低碳化物的稳定性，促进了共晶碳化物的粒化动力学过程，得到良好的粒化效果。     

稀土元素对半钢冲击疲劳性能的影响

研究了稀土元素对半钢冲击疲劳性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察了经疲劳试验后半钢中碳化物的形貌、疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展 ;测定了稀土含量与总裂纹的长度和裂纹扩展速率之间的关系曲线。结果表明 ,稀土能推迟裂纹萌生的时间 ,降低裂纹扩展速率 ,提高其冲击疲劳抗力。当半钢中添加 0 .2 %RE及 960℃× 3h正火处理共同作用时 ,抗冲击效果最显著。其原因主要归于网状共晶碳化物形态与分布的改变     

稀土对高碳铬铸钢性能的影响

研究了稀土元素及其添加量对高碳铬铸钢力学性能和耐磨性的影响,结果表明,稀土能改善高碳铬铸钢中碳化物的形态分布,提高其综合性能,尤其稀土与热处理共同作用时,效果更显著,当试样经0．25％稀土变质处理后再经960度保温3h正火处理,其性能最佳。     

稀土元素对60CrMnMo热轧辊用钢高温低周疲劳循环特性的影响

研究了稀土元素对热轧辊钢６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ高温低周疲劳循环特性的影响，同时对热疲劳前后的试样硬度进行了比较，试验结果：稀土元素可明显抑制６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢疲劳过程中的循环软化，并细化了回火过程中碳化物颗粒，阻碍了热循环过程中碳化物颗粒的聚焦、长大。     

稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢组织与性能的影响

研究了稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢（CHD钢）组织与性能的组织。结果表明，稀土复合变质能细化晶粒，并且随着稀土量的增加。细化效果明显；加入适量的稀土复合变质后，夹杂物数量明显减少，夹杂物趋于球化并均匀地分布在钢中，形态和分布得以了改善，向钢中加入稀土进行复合变质，能促进贝氏体、奥氏体和位错亚结构的形成，细化马氏体板条。当残留稀土含量为0.02%时，CHD钢的硬度、强度变化不大，断裂韧性（KIC）和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值（△Kth）有所提高，冲击韧性、延伸率、断面收缩率提高了近一倍，抗热疲劳性能也最好。     

稀土对高铬铸铁碳化物形态及相变动力学的影响

研究了稀土元素对高铬铸铁中碳化物的影响，并对加稀土、不加稀土的高铬铸铁试样的连续冷却转变（ＣＣＴ）曲线进行了测定。结果表明，稀土元素能破碎高铬铸铁中的碳化物，使碳化物由网状、长条状向岛状、块状过渡。同时，稀土元素提高了高铬铸铁的固态相变温度并缩短了贝氏体的孕育期。     

60CrMnMo钢热疲劳裂纹生成与长大及稀土的作用

采用金相和扫描电镜等手段对６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢热疲劳裂纹的萌生和长大规律进行了分析，并考查了稀土在钢中的作用。结果表明：热疲劳裂纹萌生于钢中夹杂物处，热疲劳裂纹的生长，不仅是裂纹自身发展的结果，更主要的是裂纹的相互联接。钢中加入稀土后，可以变质钢中夹杂物，从而抑制了热疲劳裂纹的生成与长大。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.