S-异丙甲草胺与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用

应用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、DNA热变性法以及黏度法研究了S-异丙甲草胺与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用. 结果表明, S-异丙甲草胺使ctDNA在200 nm处的吸收峰发生明显改变, 表现出红移和减色效应, 而对260 nm处的吸收峰产生影响较小, 排除了嵌插作用的可能; ctDNA对S-异丙甲草胺内源性荧光表现出很强的猝灭作用, 且随温度的升高, 其猝灭程度有所下降, 表明S-异丙甲草胺是以形成加合物的方式与ctDNA结合的, 并求得了它们在不同温度下的结合常数; 将不同离子强度条件下S-异丙甲草胺与ctDNA作用以及不同S-异丙甲草胺浓度下ctDNA的热变性温度和黏度变化的研究结果与紫外光谱和荧光光谱相结合, 可以判断S-异丙甲草胺是以沟槽作用的方式与ctDNA结合的.     

Hg2+处理对经NBS修饰前后BSA光谱性质的影响

pH7.0时Hg^2 处理导致BSA紫外吸收增加,出现LMCT带,强度随处理时间增加而增强,蛋白质内源荧光强度下降。而Hg^2 处理对经NBS修饰的BSA的紫外吸收LMCT带强度随处理时间增加而降低,278nm波长光激发所得最大荧光发射峰位置出现蓝移,也与处理时间相关。表明重金属Hg^2 对BSA除Trp残基附近外还有多个作用部位。     

常温下用直接沉淀法制备纳米硫化铜

在常温下以硫酸铜(CuSO4.5H2O)为铜源,硫化钠(Na2S.9H2O)为硫源,六偏磷酸钠(NaPO3)6为稳定剂,辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为表面活性剂,采用沉淀法成功合成了硫化铜纳米晶体;利用X射线粉末衍射仪和高分辨透射电镜分析了产物的晶体结构和形貌,考察了反应体系的pH、温度、反应物浓度、稳定剂用量等对产物组成和结构的影响.此外,利用紫外-可见光谱仪、荧光光谱仪及傅立叶转换红外光谱仪分析了产物的光学性质.结果表明,产物为纯六方相的硫化铜;其颗粒呈不规则球型、椭球型、棒状,平均粒径约为37nm.产物在200～230nm波长范围内对紫外光有较强的吸收;用383nm的光激发,分别在440nm和486nm出现两个荧光发射峰,与常规硫化铜相比发生明显的蓝移.此外,产物具有良好的红外光透过率;反应体系的pH对产物的带隙能Eg和光致发光强度有明显的影响.     

新型芳并吡喃类多环化合物的合成与光谱性质研究

本文设计并经由分子内碳-碳偶联反应合成了一系列基于芳并吡喃供电子功能片段的有机功能小分子,包括萘并[2,1-b：6,5-b’]二苯并吡喃4a,萘并[2,1-b：6,5-b’]二萘并吡喃4b,萘并[2,1-b：6,5-b’]二[2-（5-己基噻吩基）]苯并吡喃4c。通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究表明,这类化合物在370~400 nm波长范围内具有最大紫外吸收,在417~462 nm波长范围内具有最大荧光发射。说明随着共轭平面的增大或共轭链长度的增加,化合物的吸收和荧光光谱均发生显著的红移,是一类具有丰富光电活性的有机功能分子。     

牛血红蛋白与双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵相互作用的光谱研究(英文)

运用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和圆二色谱法研究了双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)与牛血红蛋白(Hb)的相互作用。从紫外-可见吸收光谱观察到,随着DDAB的浓度增大,Hb在406nm处的特征吸收峰强度下降,且峰位蓝移,说明DDAB导致血红素辅基微观环境变化。由荧光光谱研究可以得出随着DDAB的浓度增大,Hb在340nm处的荧光强度逐渐增强,说明导致色氨酸荧光淬灭的血红素辅基与色氨酸的距离增大。由Scatchard方程计算了不同温度下该反应的表观结合常数、结合位点数及结合热力学参数,热力学参数的变化表明DDAB与Hb之间以疏水作用力为主。圆二色谱的研究进一步表明DDAB使Hb产生轻微的二级结构改变,α-螺旋含量增加.     

2种偶氮席夫碱类化合物的合成及其热致变色性质

通过重氮偶合反应制得2种氨基偶氮化合物在经纯化下燥后,与水杨醛的乙醇溶液在60℃反应4 h分别得到2种偶氮席夫碱类目标化合物,通过元素分析、核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱测试技术表征了其结构.紫外光谱测试化合物在DMSO溶液的紫外吸收,在升温速率为1.5℃/min测试时,化合物A和B紫外吸收表现出热致变色性质;在45℃的恒定温度测试时,化合物A在450和348 nm的吸光度值与时间呈线性关系,化合物B在425和356 nm的吸光度值与时间呈线性关系.研究表明,2种偶氮席夫碱类化合物有良好的热致变色性,是性能良好的热致变色材料.     

同步荧光光谱法研究丹参素-牛血清白蛋白体系的光增强效应

采用紫外光谱法和同步荧光光谱法研究了丹参素与牛血清白蛋白的结合特性.体系的紫外光谱显示,丹参素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间发生了相互作用并生成新的复合物,同步荧光光谱则表明,丹参素对BSA存在荧光增强效应.随着丹参素浓度的增加,Δλ=15 nm时体系荧光强度明显增强,最大发射波长为285 nm,且不随浓度增加而发生变化...     

一种聚苯乙烯荧光微球的制备及发光机理研究

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为基质,与乙酰氯通过Friedel-Crafts反应得到具有荧光性质的乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-AC).红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明苯环上已成功偶联了乙酰基.我们推测PS-AC微球的荧光现象是由聚苯乙烯分子链中的苯环与羰基双键通过π-π共轭形成的刚性平面结构引起的.为了验证该发光机理,以乙基苯和乙酰氯为原料通过Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应合成了一种与荧光微球发光基团具有相似结构的小分子化学物-对乙基苯乙酮.荧光发射光谱分析表明,对乙基苯乙酮与荧光微球在350~400 nm范围内激发光源的激发作用下都能在400~600 nm范围内产生稳定的荧光发射峰.而紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,与PS微球、乙基苯和乙酰氯相比,PS-AC微球与对乙基苯乙酮在300~400 nm范围内出现了新的吸收带,属于新形成的共轭体系的吸收.这种新的共轭体系可以将微球吸收的紫外光或紫光转变成可见的荧光.以上实验结果表明,本研究制备的荧光微球的发光现象是由苯环π键与羰基双键的共轭作用产生的.     

青柿子粗提物简易制备荧光碳点及对Fe~(3+)的检测

以青柿子(Diospyros Kaki L. f)提取物作为碳源,通过水热法简易制备荧光碳点,并对其进行表征。结果显示所制备的碳点为类圆球颗粒,平均粒径为15. 39 nm。X射线衍射(XRD)表明该碳点为类石墨烯的无定形碳材料;光电子能谱(XPS)表明其构成元素较复杂,但以碳点为主的元素均有表达,且符合一般碳点材料的元素组成;该碳点表面含有羟基、羧基和氨基等活性基团;在350 nm处有紫外吸收,具有激发波长依赖性特点荧光,最大激发波长为355 nm,最大发射波长为445 nm;在355 nm激发波长下,其光谱发射在p H5. 0～11. 0范围内具有稳定的荧光。该碳点在365 nm紫外光照射下,表现出较强的蓝色荧光,对Fe3+具有较好的特异识别能力,可用于Fe3+的荧光检测。Fe3+浓度在0. 45～50μmol/L范围内与PM-CDs的荧光强度呈线性关系(r2=0. 923 4)。试验在碳点纯化方面存在局限,需进一步探讨生物质材料碳点纯化方式,提高目标分析物的识别位点保有量,获得高效检测目标。     

3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸酯化壳聚糖的紫外吸收性能研究

将壳聚糖在甲磺酸中充分溶胀后,与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰氯反应,得到壳聚糖改性高分子紫外 线吸收剂。FTIR的表征表明:与壳聚糖相比,改性产物的红外谱图中1 720 cm-1处归属于C=O伸缩振动和 1 160 cm-1处归属于C-O-C对称伸缩振动的吸收峰显著增强,表明了酯化反应的发生。紫外光谱表明:产 物在220nm和274nm处具有较强的吸收峰。通过元素分析计算出不同投料比下所得改性产物的取代度,并 结合紫外光谱测试所得的数据,计算出了改性产物在273 nm处的摩尔消光系数e为8 205.9 L／(mol·cm)。     

Spectroscopic studies into the influence of UV radiation on elastin hydrolysates in water solution

An investigation into the influence of UV irradiation on elastin hydrolysates dissolved in water was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. It was found that the absorption of elastin hydrolysates in solution increased during irradiation of the sample. For fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates we observed both, a decrease and increase of this value during irradiation of the sample. After UV irradiation of the elastin solution we observed a minor increase of overall absorption, most notably between 250 nm and 280 nm. Moreover, after UV irradiation a wide peak emerged between 290 nm and 310 nm with maximum at about 305 nm. The new peak suggests that new photoproducts are formed during UV irradiation of elastin hydrolysates. The fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates was observed at 305 nm and at 380 nm after excitation at 270 nm. UV irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 305 nm and 380 nm. After 30 min of irradiation a new broad weak band of fluorescence, attributable to new photoproducts, emerged in the UV wavelength region with emission maximum between 400 nm and 500 nm.     

Complete bioconversion of hemicellulosic sugars from agricultural residues into lactic acid by Lactobacillus pentosus

On the basis of previous knowledge, different agroindustrial wastes were submitted to dilute-acid hydrolysis with H2SO4 to obtain hemicellulosic sugars and then employed for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus pentosus. Toxic compounds released from lignin did not affect lactic acid fermentation when hydrolysates from trimming vine shoots, barley bran husks, or corncobs were employed as carbon source, and complete bioconversion of hemicellulosic sugars was achieved. Nevertheless, Eucalyptus globulus hydrolysates had to be submitted to a detoxification process with activated charcoal. Maximum lactic acid concentration (33 g/L) was reached employing barley bran hydrolysates, whereas corncobs, trimming vine shoots, and detoxified E. globulus hydrolysates yielded 26, 24, and 14.5 g/L of lactic acid, respectively. The maximum product yield from pentoses (0.76 g/g) was achieved using hydrolysates from trimming vine shoots, followed by hydrolysates from detoxified E. globulus (0.70 g/g), barley bran (0.57 g/g), and corncob (0.53 g/g). These results confirm that L. pentosus can be employed to ferment hemicellulosic sugars (mainly xylose, glucose, and arabinose) from acid hydrolysates of most agricultural residues without appreciable substrate inhibition.     

巨大芽孢杆菌D01吸附金(AU3+)的谱学表征

对休眠的巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)D01菌体吸附Au^3 的作用过程进行了谱学表征．运用AAS考察了pH、时间和温度对D01菌体吸附Au^3 过程的化学动力学和热力学相关参数的影响．D01菌粉中硫元素含量的EDX分析说明该菌体中对Au^3 具有还原作用的L-半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量极少;D01菌体水解后葡萄糖含量的UV-vis测定说明该菌体水解产物中含有一定量的还原糖,空白的和吸附Au^3 的D01菌体的FFIR检测表明该菌体细胞壁肽聚糖层糖类化合物的羟基和肽链侧链氨基酸残基离子化羧基为吸附Au^3 的活性基团;肽聚糖层部分多糖的水解产物低聚糖、二糖及单糖等还原糖的半缩醛羟基游离态醛基为电子供体,将Au^3 原位还原成Au^0．葡萄糖和Au^3 相互作用的XRD和FFIR表征证明Au^3 是在还原糖的醛基上直接被还原成Au^0．     

Ethanol production from AFEX-treated forages and agricultural residues

Lignocellulosic materials derived from forages, namely timothy grass, alfalfa, reed canary grass, and agricultural residues, such as corn stalks and barley straw, were pretreated using ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) process. The pretreated materials were directly saccharified by cellulolytic enzymes. Sixty to 80% of theoretical yield of sugars were obtained from the pretreated biomasses. Subsequent ethanolic fermentation of the hydrolysates byPachysolen tannophilus ATCC 32691 resulted in 40-60% of theoretical yield after 24 h, based on the sugars present in the hydrolysates. The uptake of sugars was not complete, indicating a possible inhibitory effect onP. tannophilus during the fermentation of these substrates.     

Characterization of natural and synthetic humic substances (melanoidins) by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements and elemental compositions

Stable carbon isotope ratios of the starting sugars (SG) and amino acids (AA) are mostly preserved in laboratory synthetic melanoidins. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios may not be “imprinted” in melanoidins by SG and AA precursors in the same way, indicating that nitrogen fractionation could occur during the rate-determining step in the Maillard reaction. Carbon isotope ratios support the stoichiometric ratios for combination of sugars with amino acids, which are based on the elemental composition data of melanoidins. These findings may provide clues to asses the role of the Maillard reaction in the formation of natural humic substances.     

Determination of total sugar content in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by using a reaction headspace gas chromatographic technique

This paper investigates a new analytical technique for the quantitative detection of total sugar content in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by reaction headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). By detecting the carbon dioxide (CO₂) generated from the reaction between sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and potassium dichromate, the total sugar content in lignocellulosic hydrolysates can be quantified. The data illustrate that the conversion of sugars in lignocellulose hydrolysates can be achieved under the given conditions (at 90 °C for 30 min), the relative standard deviation of this HS-GC technique in the total sugar content determination was within 3.35%, and the measured total sugar content in 15 lignocellulose hydrolysate samples closely matched those measured by the reference spectrophotometric technique (relative differences <7.69%). The present technique is efficient, reliable and suitable to be used in the total sugar content quantification in lignocellulose hydrolysate related research and process control.     

Limits for alkaline detoxification of dilute-acid lignocellulose hydrolysates

In addition to fermentable sugars, dilute-acid hydrolysates of lignocellulose contain compounds that inhibit fermenting microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous results show that phenolic compounds and furan aldehydes, and to some extent aliphatic acids, act as inhibitors during fermentation of dilute-acid hydrolysates of spruce. Treatment of lignocellulose hydrolysates with alkali, usually in the form of overliming to pH 10.0, has been frequently employed as a detoxification method to improve fermentability. A spruce dilute-acid hydrolysate was treated with NaOH in a factorial design experiment, in which the pH was varied between 9.0 and 12.0, the temperature between 5 and 80°C, and the time between 1 and 7 h. Already at pH 9.0, >25% of the glucose was lost when the hydrolysate was treated at 80°C for 1 h. Among the monosaccharides, xylose was degraded faster under alkaline conditions than the hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose), which, in turn, were degraded faster than arabinose. The results suggest that alkali treatment of hydrolysates can be performed at temperatures below 30°C at any pH between 9.0 and 12.0 without problems with sugar degradation or formation of inhibiting aliphatic acids. Treatment with Ca(OH)₂ instead of NaOH resulted in more substantial degradation of sugars. Under the harsher conditions of the factorial design experiment, the concentrations of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural decreased while the total phenolic content increased. The latter phenomenon was tentatively attributed to fragmentation of soluble aromatic oligomers in the hydrolysate. Separate phenolic compounds were affected in different ways by the alkaline conditions with some compounds showing an increase in concentration while others decreased. In conclusion, the conditions used for detoxification with alkali should be carefully controlled to optimize the positive effects and minimize the degradation of fermentable sugars.     

A further insight into the mechanism of Ag+ biosorption by Lactobacillus sp. strain A09

The mechanism of Ag(+) biosorption by resting cell of Lactobacillus sp. strain A09 has been further investigated at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques. The values of estimated equilibrium constants, rate constants, half-life periods and apparent enthalpies of the binding reaction were calculated via the determination of Ag(+) adsorbed by the biomass using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The reductive ratio of the Ag(+) to Ag(0) by the A09 biomass was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis for sulfur and nitrogen atomic contents in dry powder of the biomass with EA-1110 elemental analysis (EA) showed that amino acid residues retaining the reductive property of Ag(+) to Ag(0) are very small quantity, whereas glucose content in the hydrolysates of the biomass analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) indicated that the amount of reducing sugars in the biomass is much larger than 2.71%. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry on blank and silver-loaded biomass demonstrated that the chemical functional group such as the free aldehyde group of the hemiacetalic hydroxyl group from reducing sugars, i.e. the hydrolysates of the polysaccharides from the cell wall plays a leading role in serving as the electron donor for reducing the Ag(+) to Ag(0). This result was further supported by characterizations on the interaction of the Ag(+) with glucose using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy.     

退火对Ce:YVO4晶体光谱性能影响

采用中频感应提拉法生长了高质量的掺铈钒酸钇( Ce:YVO4)晶体,其中Ce3+离子的浓度为1.0％(原子分数).对于加工好的晶体薄片分别在中性气氛Ar和还原性气氛H2中不同温度下进行了退火处理.对退火后的样品进行了吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量.中性Ar中退火对晶体发光效率提高没有作用,H2退火后晶体吸收谱发生显著变化,晶体的发光效率大幅提高.发射光谱中400 -600 nm的发射带包含两个发射峰,其中心波长分别在424和469 nm处.并对掺铈钒酸钇晶体作为白光材料的可能性进行了分析.     

Accurate mass measurements by Fourier transform mass spectrometry in the study of advanced glycation end products/peptides

The Maillard reaction occurring between sugars and amino groups is important in living systems. When amino groups belonging to protein chains are involved, the Maillard reaction has been invoked as responsible for protein cross-linking and the production of 'toxic' compounds. The reaction leads to the production of a heterogeneous group of substances, usually called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Classical analytical approaches, such as spectroscopic (ultraviolet, fluorescence) and mass spectrometric (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) methods, have shown that the digestion mixture is highly complex. However, there are clear differences between the digestion mixtures of glycated and unglycated human serum albumin (HSA). In the former case, possible glycated peptides belonging to the AGE peptide class may be identified. Tandem mass spectrometric experiments on selected species seemed to be promising as regards structural information, but it was thought of interest to undertake the present investigation, based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry, in order to obtain definitive results on their elemental composition. Using this approach, about 20 glycated peptides were detected and their possible structures were postulated by examining the known sequence of HSA.