电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定米托坦中的汞

介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定米托坦中的汞,重点从消解方式、酸体系和微波消解程序等方面对样品前处理方法进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.005mg/kg,6次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为7.7%,加标回收率为82.3%~85.7%。方法灵敏度高、稳定性好,而且准确度高。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定植物样品中的磷、硫

本方法采用微波消解处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定植物样品中的磷、硫的含量,选用优化微波消解条件进行消解,磷和硫方法最低检出限分别为0.925mg/kg、1.82 mg/kg。精密度RSD和相对误差RE均小于3%,对新鲜植物样品进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为90.5%~107%,证明本方法既可用于检测干植物样品,又可检测新鲜植物样品。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定铜冶炼烟尘中锌

本实验介绍了电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定铜冶炼烟尘中锌含量的分析方法。针对样品碳,硅含量高的特点,有针对性的研究了样品的消解方法,确定采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸对铜冶炼烟尘样品进行消解。同时进行了干扰试验,确定样品中高含量的铜,铅,砷等对样品测定结果没有影响。并对仪器的工作参数进行了优化。方法检出限为为0.011 mg/L,测定下限为0.019 mg/L,3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.54%~0.92%之间,加标回收率在96%~101.14%之间。该方法样品消解完全,流程短,操作简单,快速,测定准确度高,可以满足铜冶炼烟尘中锌含量的测定。     

微波消解-连续流动分析法测定肉类食品中的磷

肉类食品是重要的磷来源,随着磷酸盐在肉制品生产加工中的广泛应用,它在食品中的安全性也备受关注。因此,建立一种肉类食品中磷快速定量测定方法具有重要意义。本研究重点优化了肉类样品的微波消解体系,并在此基础上建了肉类样品磷含量检测的微波消解-连续流动分析法。研究结果表明,硝酸可以作为微波消解酸体系,并且硝酸用量为6 mL、样品量0.1g、赶酸温度210℃和消解液稀释倍数100倍时,为较优的微波消解条件。微波消解处理后的样品利用连续流动分析仪进行外标法定量检测。测定结果表明,本研究建立的微波消解-连续流动分析法的检测线性范围为0~4 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.9994,样品回收率为92.5%~103%,精密度RSD小于5%（n=10）。本研究建立的方法适用于肉类食品中磷的快速、批量检测。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定小麦粉中的汞

本文建立微波消解样品,氢化物发生—荧光光谱法测定食品中汞的方法,建立微波消解的最佳分析条件。优化了原子荧光光谱仪的参数设置,以及选择了汞蒸气的最佳条件。该方法检出限为0.004 ng/mL,加标回收率为92.9%~98.7%,相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.81。本方法具有操作简单、快速、干扰小、灵敏度重复性好的优点。     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定84消毒剂中的痕量铅

建立了84消毒剂中痕量铅的微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法。84消毒液以硝酸为消解试剂,用微波消解法进行消解。用2%磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,在优化后的仪器工作条件下测定。铅的质量浓度在0~80.0ng/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 3,方法检出限为0.005 4 mg/kg,平均回收率为94.66%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.87%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度与准确度高,可用于84消毒剂中痕量铅的检测。     

微波消解—电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定天然微晶石墨中铝铁钙镁钠钛钾

针对传统微波消解法存在的消解温度过高、样品消解不完全等问题,实验在常规微波消解温度下,从提高体系的氧化性入手,对消解方法进行改进。探讨了消解体系、消解温度、升温时间,并对消解机理进行了分析。结果表明,以2mL硝酸—5mL硫酸—1 mL高氯酸—1 mL氢氟酸为消解体系、升温时间为25 min、消解温度为200 ℃时,能实现样品的完全消解。消解后的溶液经赶酸处理,盐类析出,为了使盐类复溶,比较了硝酸、盐酸、王水的复溶效果,选定盐酸为复溶酸。对分析谱线进行了优化,确定的各成分分析谱线为铝308.2 nm、铁259.9{129} nm、钙317.933 nm、镁280.2 nm、钠589.5 nm、钛336.1 nm、钾766.4 nm。基于以上研究,建立了微波消解—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定微晶石墨中铝铁钙镁钠钛钾的分析方法。结果表明,标准曲线的线性良好,相关系数不小于0.9994,方法检出限在0.00003%～0.0007%之间。用标准物质GBW03120验证了方法的正确度,结果满意。将方法应用于实际样品分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差（n=8）为0.72%～3.5%,加标回收率在98.2%～104.1%之间,均满足GB/T 27417—2017的要求。建立的方法能在常规微波消解温度下完全消解样品,适用于微晶石墨中主量金属元素的测定。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定泥蚶中的铬含量

本文研究了HNO3-H2O2体系消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定泥蚶中的铬的方法,结果表明本方法简便、精密度好、准确性高。方法检测限为0.039μg/g,实际样品回收率为80.0%~98.0%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定铜冶炼烟尘中锌

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铜冶炼烟尘中锌含量的分析方法。针对样品中碳、硅含量高的特点,有针对性地研究了样品的消解方法,确定采用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸对铜冶炼烟尘样品进行消解。同时进行了干扰实验,确定样品中高含量的铜、铅、砷等对样品测定结果没有影响。并对仪器的工作参数进行了优化。方法检出限为0.011mg/L,测定下限为0.019mg/L,3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.54%～0.92%,加标回收率在96.0%～101%。样品消解完全,流程短,操作简单,快速,测定准确度高,可以满足铜冶炼烟尘中锌含量的测定。     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).