Pt负载复合氧化物催化剂的CO催化发光性能

采用非晶态络合物法制备了La0.9Cu0.1MnO3和LaCoO3钙钛矿催化剂, 并利用固定化溶胶工艺合成了Pt纳米粒子负载的Pt/La0.9Cu0.1MnO3和Pt/LaCoO3复合催化剂. 通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的微观结构、形貌及Pt的价态进行了研究; 考察了催化剂的CO催化氧化发光性能. 结果表明, 若La0.9Cu0.1MnO3催化剂表面上负载的Pt纳米颗粒形成团聚, 则在其CO催化氧化发光谱中出现发光峰分裂的现象, 而在Pt纳米颗粒分散较好的Pt/LaCoO3体系中却没有出现这一情况. 因此可以利用CO催化发光谱来初步判断贵金属纳米颗粒在载体表面的分散状态.     

Pt/γ-AlOOH纳米棒复合催化材料的制备与性能

水热法制备了γ-AlOOH纳米棒,再以此纳米棒为载体,通过浸渍-NaBH4还原法制备了Pt/γ-AlOOH催化剂,考察了Pt/γ-AlOOH室温催化氧化甲醛的性能及Pt负载量对催化性能的影响。通过XRD,XPS,TEM和N2吸附-脱附测试等手段对所制备的样品进行表征。研究结果表明:Pt/γ-AlOOH催化剂比Pt/γ-Al2O_3具有更高的催化活性,主要是由于前者表面具有丰富的羟基基团和高分散Pt纳米颗粒。Pt/γ-AlOOH催化剂的活性先随Pt含量(0.05%~0.5%(w/w))的增加而增加,最后基本保持不变。从催化活性和成本两方面考虑,0.2%(w/w)Pt为最佳负载量。     

Pt/CeO_2催化剂上甲醛催化氧化

以CeO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型Pt催化剂用于低温甲醛氧化反应,考察了Pt前驱体及Pt负载量等因素对催化性能的影响。XRD,TEM和CO化学吸附表征结果表明Pt粒子在载体上高度分散。反应结果表明,以Pt(NO3)2为前驱体比H2PtC l6为前驱体制备的催化剂表现出更好的反应性能,C l-离子的存在降低了催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而抑制了催化活性。此外,催化剂的活性随着Pt负载量的增加而增强,其中Pt负载量为3%时催化剂在30℃时甲醛转化率仍在80%以上。     

铂纳米颗粒增强MnO2纳米棒对CO和挥发性有机化合物的氧化活性

通过水热法合成了纯相的α-MnO2和δ-MnO2纳米棒,并利用溶胶固定化工艺制备了负载铂纳米颗粒的Pt/MnO2材料.通过透射电镜(TEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),N2吸附-脱附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)技术研究了样品的微观结构和吸附活性位,探查了CO和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)(苯和甲苯)在催化剂上的催化发光(CTL)性质.结果表明:铂颗粒在α-MnO2和δ-MnO2载体上以高分散状态存在,负载过程不会影响α-MnO2纳米棒的晶相结构,但会导致δ-MnO2纳米棒产生结构变化.经XPS证实不是Pt与其发生了反应.α-和δ-MnO2纳米棒对CO、苯和甲苯的催化氧化都具有很高的活性,δ-MnO2的活性略高于α-MnO2相.虽然N2吸附-脱附实验结果证实Pt负载会导致MnO2纳米棒比表面积的下降,但H2-TPR结果显示Pt和MnO2之间会产生强烈的相互作用,显著增强其催化活性,且Pt/δ-MnO2活性高于Pt/α-MnO2.催化氧化发光研究表明,这四种催化剂活性顺序是α-MnO2≤δ-MnO2相似文献   

氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯负载铂催化剂的制备及甲醇电氧化性能

采用高温热解聚苯胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(PANI-GO),得到了氮掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯碳材料(N-RGO),以其负载Pt制备了Pt/N-RGO纳米结构电催化剂.采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)谱及拉曼光谱等技术对N-RGO和Pt/N-RGO的形貌及结构进行了表征,用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学技术研究了Pt/N-RGO电极催化剂对CO溶出反应和甲醇电氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明:高温热解PANIGO可同时实现GO的还原及其氮掺杂的过程,氮掺杂引起还原氧化石墨烯碳材料表面缺陷结构和导电性的增加;与相应的未掺杂氮样品Pt/RGO相比较,Pt/N-RGO样品上Pt颗粒的分散更均匀,显示出更强的抗CO毒化能力和更高的甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性.     

ZrO_2负载Pt催化巴豆醛选择性加氢

以高比表面积ZrO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型Pt催化剂,应用于常压下气相巴豆醛加氢反应,考察了Pt负载量和H2还原温度等对巴豆醛选择性加氢性能的影响.实验结果表明,Pt负载量(质量分数)为3%的3Pt/ZrO2催化剂经500℃还原后,具有较高的巴豆醛选择性加氢性能:巴豆醛转化率为27%,巴豆醇的选择性为55%.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析,CO化学吸附,NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)表征结果表明Pt/ZrO2催化剂上Lewis强酸中心和适宜的Pt颗粒(约为8nm)有利于巴豆醛选择性加氢生成巴豆醇.     

NiO增强Pt/C催化剂催化氧化甲醇活性的研究

本文基于NiO作为Pt催化甲醇助催化剂的思路,通过Pt纳米颗粒担载在NiO修饰的碳材料载体上制备了Pt/NiO-C催化剂,系统地研究了不同的NiO/C热处理温度对Pt粒径的影响,并重点探讨了Pt对NiO的质量比对催化氧化甲醇的影响。X射线衍射分析结果显示NiO和Pt均为立方晶系,且NiO的加入有利于主催化剂Pt形成较小的粒径,且经400℃热处理NiO修饰的C材料作为载体有利于Pt的有效分散。所获得的Pt/NiO-C催化剂的电化学活性在甲醇酸性溶液中通过循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA)进行性能测试。CV测试结果显示以Pt/NiO重量比为4∶1的催化剂其电氧化甲醇活性最大,其峰值氧化电流密度达806 mA/mgPt,是Pt/C催化剂的1.64倍。CA测试结果显示Pt/NiO-C比Pt/C具有更好的抗CO中毒性能和稳定性。     

双牺牲模板法制备一维管状Pt-Mn3O4-C复合物及其优越的甲醇电催化氧化性能

通过双牺牲模板法合成了以一维管状Mn₃O₄-C为催化剂载体的新型Pt 基电催化剂. 催化剂的表面形貌、晶体结构及其组成分别采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、能量散射X射线光谱进行表征. 通过循环伏安法对Pt-Mn₃O₄-C复合物的电化学性能进行了测试. 结果表明平均粒径为1.8 nm的Pt 纳米颗粒均匀分散在管式Mn₃O₄-C载体上, 与商业的E-TEK Pt/C 催化剂(20% (w, 质量分数) Pt)相比, Pt-Mn₃O₄-C对甲醇氧化有更好的电催化活性和更高的稳定性. Pt 纳米粒子在Mn₃O₄-C上的均匀分散及Pt 和Mn₃O₄的协同催化效应使得Pt-Mn₃O₄-C具有优异的性能.     

高活性Pd/MgO催化剂的制备及其CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化反应

利用溶液法结合高温煅烧处理合成MgO载体,通过浸渍法制备Pd/MgO催化剂并对其进行CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化性能研究。通过X射线粉末衍射、CO2程序升温脱附、比表面仪、热重分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和微型催化评价装置对合成的样品进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,合成的MgO载体是一种Lewis碱性很强的纳米片结构,Pd纳米颗粒高度分散在MgO载体上,粒径小且分布均一。此MgO纳米片作为载体制备的Pd/MgO催化剂在较低的Pd负载量(0.5%)下表现出优异的CO氧化偶联催化性能,在反应温度130℃时CO单程转化率高达65%,草酸二甲酯选择性96%,稳定性超过100 h,明显越于工业催化剂(Pd/α-Al2O3),具有潜在的工业应用前景。     

棒状CeO_2负载Pt催化剂的合成及其电化学性能研究

通过水热法合成棒状纳米Ce O2(Ce O2-R),并将Pt纳米颗粒负载于Ce O2表面,制得甲醇燃料电池的阳极催化剂Pt/Ce O2-R.通过结构与形貌表征,结果表明,Pt/Ce O2-R中Ce O2的暴露晶面为(111)和(002)晶面,改变了Pt周围的电子结构,进而降低了Pt-COads的键能,释放出更多的活性位.另外,Pt纳米颗粒在Ce O2-R表面分散更均匀.利用电化学工作站测试阳极催化剂Pt/Ce O2-R在酸性溶液中的电化学性能,证明Pt/Ce O2-R催化剂的甲醇电氧化性能与抗CO毒害能力较颗粒状Ce O2负载Pt催化剂(Pt/Ce O2-P)都有很大的提高,证明Ce O2-R作为Pt纳米颗粒的载体用于直接甲醇燃料电池的阳极反应具有发展潜力.     

以钙钛矿型复合氧化物为前驱体构筑La-Ce氧化物修饰的Pt-Co纳米双金属催化剂及其对CO氧化的性能

利用钙钛矿型复合氧化物(PTO)可以将多种金属离子限域并均匀混合于钙钛矿晶格中的特点,提出了一种构筑氧化物修饰的纳米双金属催化剂团簇的新构想。以担载于大比表面积SiO_2上的钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_(1-y)Ce_yCo_(0.87)Pt_(0.13)O_3/SiO_2作为前驱体,将La、Ce、Co和Pt多种金属离子均匀混合并限域于PTO晶粒中,还原后得到Pt-Co/La-Ce-O/SiO_2催化剂;通过氮气吸附-脱附、XRD、H2-TPR和TEM等手段对Pt-Co/La-Ce-O/SiO_2催化剂进行了表征,考察了其对CO氧化的催化性能,研究了构效关系。结果发现,La-Ce-O-Pt-Co构成了纳米团簇,担载于SiO_2表面,形成了Pt-Co纳米双金属颗粒; Co修饰Pt提高了其催化活性,而添加Ce进一步改善了其催化性能。当Ce含量(y)为0.2时,催化剂La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)Co_(0.87)Pt_(0.13)O_3/SiO_2的活性最佳,在120℃下即可实现CO完全转化,且在含体积分数15%H_2O及12.5%CO_2的气氛中仍具有较好的催化性能。稳定性测试表明,所制得的Pt-Co/La-Ce-O/SiO_2催化剂具有良好的稳定性和抗烧结性能。     

Facile single-step preparation of Pt/N-graphene catalysts with improved methanol electrooxidation activity

In this work, we describe a facile single-step approach for the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide to graphene, functional doping of graphene with nitrogen, and loading of the doped graphene with well-dispersed platinum (Pt) nanoparticles using a solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The as-prepared Pt/nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) catalysts are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation properties of the catalysts are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Compared with an updoped Pt/graphene control catalyst, the Pt/N-graphene catalyst shows a narrower particle size distribution and improved catalytic performance. Considering the facile, green and effective single-step synthetic process for the Pt/N-graphene catalyst, the results are promising for the potential application of these materials in emerging fuel cell technologies.     

Synthesis of PtRu nanoparticles from the hydrosilylation reaction and application as catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell

Nanosized Pt, PtRu, and Ru particles were prepared by a novel process, the hydrosilylation reaction. The hydrosilylation reaction is an effective method of preparation not only for Pt particles but also for other metal colloids, such as Ru. Vulcan XC-72 was selected as catalyst support for Pt, PtRu, and Ru colloids, and TEM investigations showed nanoscale particles and narrow size distribution for both supported and unsupported metals. All Pt and Pt-rich catalysts showed the X-ray diffraction pattern of a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, whereas the Ru and Ru-rich alloys were more typical of a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. As evidenced by XPS, most Pt and Ru atoms in the nanoparticles were zerovalent, except a trace of oxidation-state metals. The electrooxidation of liquid methanol on these catalysts was investigated at room temperature by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results concluded that some alloy catalysts showed higher catalytic activities and better CO tolerance than the Pt-only catalyst; Pt56Ru44/C have displayed the best electrocatalytic performance among all carbon-supported catalysts.     

Polyvinyl alcohol-modified graphene oxide as a support for bimetallic Pt–Pd electrocatalysts to enhance the efficiency of formic acid oxidation

The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-modified graphene oxide (GO) as a supporting material for catalysts that oxidize formic acid. The active metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pd) were electrodeposited on PVA/GO surfaces. The morphologies of the prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while their chemical compositions were identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that compared with the other catalysts on GO, the prepared active PtPd alloy catalyst nanoparticles with 11.49–20.73 nm sizes were well dispersed on the PVA/GO surfaces. Electrochemical results indicate that the activities of the catalysts with PVA provided a higher current density than that of the catalysts without PVA. The bimetallic 3Pt3Pd/PVA/GO catalyst showed the greatest catalytic activity, stability, and CO oxidation when compared to those of other catalysts. The electronic, morphological, and structural properties promote the mass-charge transfer through the interaction. These results indicate that the PVA-modified GO provides a suitable site for active bimetallic catalyst surfaces, resulting in excellent formic acid oxidation and high CO elimination. The 3Pt3Pd/PVA/GO electrocatalyst is promising for enhancing formic acid oxidation.     

Small-sized and contacting Pt-WC nanostructures on graphene as highly efficient anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

The synergistic effect between Pt and WC is beneficial for methanol electro-oxidation, and makes Pt-WC catalyst a promising anode candidate for the direct methanol fuel cell. This paper reports on the design and synthesis of small-sized and contacting Pt-WC nanostructures on graphene that bring the synergistic effect into full play. Firstly, DFT calculations show the existence of a strong covalent interaction between WC and graphene, which suggests great potential for anchoring WC on graphene with formation of small-sized, well-dispersed WC particles. The calculations also reveal that, when Pt attaches to the pre-existing WC/graphene hybrid, Pt particles preferentially grow on WC rather than graphene. Our experiments confirmed that highly disperse WC nanoparticles (ca. 5?nm) can indeed be anchored on graphene. Also, Pt particles 2-3?nm in size are well dispersed on WC/graphene hybrid and preferentially grow on WC grains, forming contacting Pt-WC nanostructures. These results are consistent with the theoretical findings. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy further confirms the intimate contact between Pt and WC, and demonstrates that the presence of WC can facilitate the crystallinity of Pt particles. This new Pt-WC/graphene catalyst exhibits a high catalytic efficiency toward methanol oxidation, with a mass activity 1.98 and 4.52 times those of commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively.     

Small‐Sized and Contacting Pt–WC Nanostructures on Graphene as Highly Efficient Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The synergistic effect between Pt and WC is beneficial for methanol electro‐oxidation, and makes Pt–WC catalyst a promising anode candidate for the direct methanol fuel cell. This paper reports on the design and synthesis of small‐sized and contacting Pt–WC nanostructures on graphene that bring the synergistic effect into full play. Firstly, DFT calculations show the existence of a strong covalent interaction between WC and graphene, which suggests great potential for anchoring WC on graphene with formation of small‐sized, well‐dispersed WC particles. The calculations also reveal that, when Pt attaches to the pre‐existing WC/graphene hybrid, Pt particles preferentially grow on WC rather than graphene. Our experiments confirmed that highly disperse WC nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) can indeed be anchored on graphene. Also, Pt particles 2–3 nm in size are well dispersed on WC/graphene hybrid and preferentially grow on WC grains, forming contacting Pt–WC nanostructures. These results are consistent with the theoretical findings. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy further confirms the intimate contact between Pt and WC, and demonstrates that the presence of WC can facilitate the crystallinity of Pt particles. This new Pt–WC/graphene catalyst exhibits a high catalytic efficiency toward methanol oxidation, with a mass activity 1.98 and 4.52 times those of commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively.     

甲醛还原Pt/TiO2催化剂用于温和条件下高效催化氧化甲醛

通过浸渍法(IM)和沉积-沉淀(DP)法制备了一系列Pt/TiO2(P25)催化剂,并分别用甲醛溶液和氢气还原处理催化剂.利用原位红外监测催化剂表面吸附物种在反应过程中的变化,探究了催化剂制备和还原条件及Pt负载量对催化剂结构和催化氧化甲醛活性的影响.结果显示,用DP法制备并用甲醛还原的Pt/P25催化剂中Pt颗粒分散均匀,并具有合适的粒径和高浓度的表面活性氧,显示出良好的甲醛氧化活性.在空速30000 ml/(g·h)、反应温度30°C和甲醛初始浓度50 mg/m3的条件下,0.4%Pt/P25(DP-HCHO)上的甲醛转化率达到98%,并能稳定运行100 h以上.相比之下, Pt/P25(DP-H2)由于表面活性氧较少,不利于甲酸盐氧化,活性较低. Pt/P25(IM-H2)虽然具有高浓度的表面活性氧,却同时具有最大的Pt颗粒粒径,在甲醛转化为甲酸盐和甲酸盐氧化两步反应中的活性均较差,因而甲醛氧化活性最差.     

Sonochemical synthesis of graphene oxide supported Pt–Pd alloy nanocrystals as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation

Pt–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by a sonochemical reduction method in the presence of polyethylene glycol as a stabilizing agent. The synthetic method allowed for a fine tuning of the particle composition without significant changes in their size and degree of aggregation. Detailed characterization of GO-supported Pt–Pd catalysts was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), AFM, XPS, and electrochemical techniques. Uniform deposition of Pt–Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3 nm was achieved on graphene nanosheets using a novel dual-frequency sonication approach. GO-supported bimetallic catalyst showed significant electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation. The influence of different molar compositions of Pt and Pd (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) on the methanol oxidation efficiency was also evaluated. Among the different Pt/Pd ratios, the 1:1 ratio material showed the lowest onset potential and generated the highest peak current density. The effect of catalyst loading on carbon paper (working electrode) was also studied. Increasing the catalyst loading beyond a certain amount lowered the catalytic activity due to the aggregation of metal particle-loaded GO nanosheets.