Pt/Pr_6O_(11)催化巴豆醛选择性加氢性能研究

采用沉积一沉淀法制备了Pt/Pr_6O_(11)催化剂,应用于巴豆醛气相选择性加氢生成巴豆醇的反应.Pt/Pr_6O_(11)催化剂经700℃还原后,巴豆醇初始选择性可以达到75%以上.H_2-TPR和In situ FTIR结果表明,还原后的Pt/Pr_6O_(11)催化剂中存在低价态的Pr~(3+),在巴豆醛加氢过程中能够给Pt提供电子,增加活化C=0键的能力,从而提高生成巴豆醇的选择性.Raman光谱实验结果表明,反应过程中Pt/Pr_6O_(11)催化剂表面有积炭产生,而积炭是造成催化剂活性和选择性下降的主要原因.     

还原温度对Ir/ZrO_2催化剂上巴豆醛选择性加氢的影响

采用浸渍法制备了负载型Ir/ZrO2催化剂,详细考察了H2还原温度对Ir/ZrO2催化剂上气相巴豆醛选择性加氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,随着还原温度的升高,Ir/ZrO2催化剂上巴豆醛转化率和巴豆醇选择性均先升后降.400°C下还原时,Ir/ZrO2催化剂性能最佳,巴豆醛转化率和巴豆醇选择性分别达32.2%和74.3%.X射线光电子能谱结果表明,催化剂表面系Ir0和Ir3+共存,且随着还原温度的升高,Ir0的比例逐渐增加,至600oC时,表面Ir物种大部分以Ir0存在.NH3程序升温脱附结果表明,随着还原温度的升高,催化剂表面Lewis酸中心的数目减少,强度下降.这是由于催化剂中Cl含量下降所致.Ir0和Ir3+共存和中等强度的表面Lewis酸中心有利于提高巴豆醇选择性.     

Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂上巴豆醛选择性加氢

采用浸渍法制备了Ce0.8La0.2O1.9同溶体负载Pt催化剂,用于气相巴豆醛选择加氧反应中.采用X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和拉曼光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随着Pt负载量增加,Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂活性(TOF)和巴豆醇选择性均先增加后降低.当Pt负载量为3%时,...     

Pt/MIL-101(Cr)在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的催化性能

采用简单易行的浸渍法将Pt纳米粒子负载到MIL-101(Cr)上,制备了Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂,并对其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应的催化性能进行了研究。XRD、N₂吸附、TEM和催化性能的研究结果表明,Pt的负载量对负载于MIL-101(Cr)上Pt纳米粒子的尺寸及所制备催化剂对肉桂醇的选择性有很大影响。低Pt负载量(1.0%)的Pt/MIL-101(Cr)较其他MOFs和无机材料在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中表现出了高的催化性能,在优化的反应条件下肉桂醛转化率和对肉桂醇的选择性可分别达96.5%和86.2%。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有良好的稳定性。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)所表现出的优良的催化性能同MIL-101(Cr)载体的孔道结构及其表面性质密切相关。     

Pt/MIL-101(Cr)在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的催化性能

采用简单易行的浸渍法将Pt纳米粒子负载到MIL-101(Cr)上, 制备了Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂, 并对其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应的催化性能进行了研究。XRD、N₂吸附、TEM和催化性能的研究结果表明, Pt的负载量对负载于MIL-101(Cr)上Pt纳米粒子的尺寸及所制备催化剂对肉桂醇的选择性有很大影响。低Pt负载量(1.0wt%)的Pt/MIL-101(Cr)较其他MOFs和无机材料在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中表现出了高的催化性能, 在优化的反应条件下肉桂醛转化率和对肉桂醇的选择性可分别达96.5%和86.2%。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有良好的稳定性。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)所表现出的优良的催化性能同MIL-101(Cr)载体的孔道结构及其表面性质密切相关。     

助剂Fe对Ir/SiO2催化剂的巴豆醛选择性加氢性能的影响

以SiO2为载体采用分步浸渍法制备了Fe/Ir/SiO2催化剂,考察了助剂Fe对Ir/SiO2催化剂气相巴豆醛选择性加氢性能的影响.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、CO化学吸附、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,助剂Fe能有效提高Ir/SiO2催化剂的巴豆醛转化率和巴豆醇选择性.Fe含量为0.087%的0.087Fe/Ir/SiO2催化剂的反应性能最佳,反应进行9 h的巴豆醛转化率36.9%,巴豆醇选择性83%.随着催化剂CO吸附量的下降(Fe覆盖的增加),催化剂的转换频率(turn over frequency,TOF)明显增加,这表明Fe促进Ir/SiO2催化剂表面活性位的加氢活性.然而,Fe的掺杂使得Ir/SiO2催化剂存在明显的活性下降现象,归因于Fe导致Ir/SiO2催化剂表面积炭和CO中毒.     

Au/TiO2催化剂制备条件对巴豆醛选择加氢的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了纳米Au/TiO2催化剂, 以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了系统的表征, 并考察了该催化剂在巴豆醛液相加氢制巴豆醇反应中的催化性能. 通过改变活化气氛、负载量和还原温度, 能够调节Au粒子的尺寸及金属与载体间的相互作用. 在673 K还原条件下制备Au质量分数为9.2%的Au/TiO2 催化剂上, Au粒子的平均粒径为2 nm, 初始加氢速率达到13.7×10-5 mol·s-1·g-1, 同时巴豆醇最高收率可达69.9%. 结合表征结果, 该催化剂良好的巴豆醛选择加氢性能归属为载体TiO2在还原条件下产生的氧缺陷位对Au纳米粒子的锚定作用及给电子作用.     

乙醇/水溶剂体系中Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂上肉桂醛的选择性加氢性能

研究了乙醇/水溶剂体系中Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂上肉桂醛的选择性加氢性能研究结果表明,在乙醇/水溶剂体系中,催化剂Pt-0.4% Co/ZrO2具有良好的肉桂醛加氢活性和生成肉桂醇的选择性.载体ZrO2的织构性质对Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂的活性具有重要影响,具有较大孔径、高比表面积的载体有利于活性组分的分散和反应底...     

不同晶相TiO2负载Au催化剂用于巴豆醛选择性加氢

以不同晶相的TiO2为载体,利用沉积.沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2催化剂,并将其用于巴豆醛选择性加氢反应,考察了TiO2晶相和还原温度对Au/TiO2催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,锐钛矿比金红石更有利于提高巴豆醇选择性,而复合相TiO2载体既可增加Au的催化活性,又可提高巴豆醇选择性.此外,高温还原能促进Au/TiO2催化剂对C=O的选择性加氢,当还原温度为500℃时,产物中巴豆醇是丁醛的2.7倍.     

用于巴豆醛液相选择性加氢的高性能Ir/TiH_2催化剂

在Ir/TiH_2催化剂上进行了巴豆醛液相选择性加氢反应,并研究催化剂还原温度对其反应行为的影响.相比于Ir/TiO_2催化剂,相同反应条件下Ir/TiH_2催化剂的活性提高了2倍(80℃时巴豆醛转化率为52%),且巴豆醇选择性大幅度提高(78%).表征结果表明,Ir/TiH_2催化剂表面富含的氧缺位和强的H活化能力是催化剂性能提高的主要原因.此外,Ir/TiH_2催化剂中Ir颗粒尺寸随催化剂还原温度的升高而增大,导致其本征活性降低,表现出明显的尺寸效应.较小的颗粒尺寸有利于巴豆醛分子中C=O键加氢,从而提高了催化剂的反应性能.     

Al含量对Pt-SO2-4 /ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化

通过向SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和稳定性的Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂性能的影响; 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、红外(IR)光谱、程序升温还原(TPR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够提高ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解, 增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃含量(质量分数, w)为5.0%时, Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最好, 在100 h内异戊烷收率可稳定在52.0%以上, 选择性在98.2%以上.     

Monolith Manganese-Based Catalyst Supported on ZrO2-TiO2 for NH3-SCR Reaction at Low Temperature

Monolith catalysts were prepared using TiO₂ and ZrO₂-TiO₂ as supports with MnO₂ as active component and Fe₂O₃ as promoter. The catalytic activities at low temperature and stability at high temperature for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) in the presence of excessive O₂ were studied after the catalysts calcined at different temperatures. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results indicated that the catalyst supported on ZrO₂-TiO₂ had excellent stability at high temperature, and possessed high specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity, and had strong redox property. The results of the catalytic activities indicated that the monolith manganese-based catalyst using ZrO₂-TiO₂ as support had evidently improved the activity of NH₃-SCR reduction reaction at low temperature, and it showed great potential for practical application.     

Selective Amplification of CO Bond Hydrogenation on Pt/TiO2: Catalytic Reaction and Sum‐Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Crotonaldehyde Hydrogenation

The hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde in the presence of supported platinum nanoparticles was used to determine how the interaction between the metal particles and their support can control catalytic performance. Using gas‐phase catalytic reaction studies and in situ sum‐frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG) to study Pt/TiO₂ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts, a unique reaction pathway was identified for Pt/TiO₂, which selectively produces alcohol products. The catalytic and spectroscopic data obtained for the Pt/SiO₂ catalyst shows that SiO₂ has no active role in this reaction. SFG spectra obtained for the Pt/TiO₂ catalyst indicate the presence of a crotyl‐oxy surface intermediate. By adsorption through the aldehyde oxygen atom to an O‐vacancy site on the TiO₂ surface, the C?O bond of crotonaldehyde is activated, by charge transfer, for hydrogenation. This intermediate reacts with spillover H provided by the Pt to produce crotyl alcohol.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with CO on Pt/W–Ce–Zr catalysts

Various Pt catalysts (Pt/ZrO₂, Pt/CeO₂, Pt/CeZrO, Pt/WO₃/ZrO₂ and Pt/WO₃/CeZrO) were prepared and characterized, and their catalytic reduction reactions of NO by CO, with or without the presence of excess oxygen, were investigated. The results of temperature-programmed experiments showed that CO could be easily oxidized over Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO while the introduction of WO₃ into the catalyst (Pt/WO₃/CeZrO) inhibited the reduction of catalyst surface; NO could not dissociate over those catalysts in oxidized state but after CO reduction at a low temperature, NO dissociation took place only over Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO catalysts. For NO + CO reaction, those easily reduced catalysts Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO exhibited better catalytic performances, and NO could be rapidly converted below 350 °C. For the reaction with the presence of excess O₂, the NO conversions were significantly inhibited, but better NO conversions were obtained over the tungstate-contained catalysts when compared with Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO. The higher activities of Pt/W–Ce–Zr catalysts were attributed to their high acidities.     

Pt/TiO2催化剂上CO氧化反应动力学研究

利用沉积沉淀法制备了Pt/TiO₂催化剂, 将其在不同温度下焙烧, 以得到不同颗粒尺寸的Pt. 并将这些样品用于CO催化氧化反应以及反应动力学研究. 结果表明: 焙烧温度对催化剂有明显影响, Pt 颗粒尺寸随着焙烧温度的升高而增加; 与此同时, CO催化活性随焙烧温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势, 其中, 400℃焙烧的样品表现出最高的催化活性. 反应动力学结果表明, 催化剂上CO氧化反应表观速率方程为r=5.4×10^-7p_CO^0.17p_O2^0.36,说明在该催化剂上CO氧化遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理. 同时, 对催化剂进行了CO化学吸附红外光谱和O₂化学吸附表征. 结果表明, 随着焙烧温度的升高, 催化剂上CO和O₂吸附量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 这与反应结果和反应动力学方程一致, 说明反应受到催化剂表面上CO和O₂吸附浓度的影响. 而在400℃焙烧的催化剂上, CO和O₂吸附量均最高, 因此其反应活性也最好. 这可能是焙烧过程影响了Pt 和TiO₂之间的相互作用引起的.     

焙烧温度对MnOx-CeO2-WO3-ZrO2催化剂上NH3选择性还原NO的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了MnO_x-CeO₂-WO₃-ZrO₂催化剂,考察了催化剂焙烧温度对O₂和H₂O存在下NH₃选择性催化还原（NH₃-SCR） NO的影响,并利用低温N₂吸附、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）和CO脉冲反应对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明在NH₃-SCR反应中,催化剂的低温活性随焙烧温度的提高而降低,这是由于催化剂表面化学吸附氧和酸性位减少引起的;催化剂的高温活性随焙烧温度的提高先增加后减小,这与催化剂表面最易释放氧数量的变化趋势相反. 700 ℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的低温活性和最宽的反应温度窗口,在空速为90000 h^-1的条件下,该催化剂的起燃温度（50% NO转化率）为189 ℃,且反应温度在218-431 ℃范围内,NO转化率可达到80%-100%.     

Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and Its Application in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

TiO₂,ZrO₂-TiO₂,andZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results showed that ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ exhibited large number of surface strong acid, possessed some oxygen storage capacity, and strong redox property. The three materials were used as supports and the monolith catalysts were prepared with 1% (w) V₂O₅ and 9% (w)WO₃ for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excessive O₂, and the results of catalytic activity showed that the catalyst used ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ as support yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 275 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 10000 h⁻¹, and it had the best catalytic activity and showed great potential for practical application.     

ZrO4/SiO2-Al2O3催化肉桂醛MPV转移加氢性能

以九水合硝酸铝（Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）与正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱盐,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Al₂O₃含量的SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并通过浸渍硝酸氧锆引入ZrO₂,制备ZrO₂/SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物催化剂,考察催化剂在肉桂醛（CAL）MPV转移加氢中的催化性能,并结合N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、NH₃-程度升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、Py-原位红外（Py-IR）等技术,研究催化剂结构、织构以及表面性质与其催化性能间的构效关系.研究表明,所制备的催化剂均以L酸为主,并含有少量B酸中心,这使得加氢产物以肉桂醇（COL）为主,并含有少量1-苯丙烯-2-丙基醚（CPE）.Al₂O₃含量不仅影响催化剂表面的酸中心数量,而且对催化剂的织构参数有较大影响.随Al₂O₃含量的增加,催化剂表面L酸与B酸中心均有所增加,而孔径则持续变小,这使得催化反应呈现CAL转化率先增加后减少、目标产物COL选择性先稍有减小后有所增加的趋势.在Si/Al比为2时,催化剂具有最优的催化性能,优化反应条件下,CAL转化率达96%,目标产物COL选择性达90%.     

铜物种对Cu/Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铜负载量不同的Cu/Fe₂O₃水煤气变换(WGS)催化剂,并考察了铜负载量对催化剂结构和水煤气变换反应性能的影响. 结果表明,Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂呈现出良好的水煤气反应性能,当CuO质量分数为20%时,催化剂的WGS性能最优,250 ℃时CO转化率高达97.2%,同时热稳定性也最好. 运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸脱附和H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂的物相、织构特征及还原性能进行了表征,结果表明,CuFe₂O₄物种的存在极大地改善了催化剂的还原性能和WGS反应活性. 这是由于CuFe₂O₄特殊的尖晶石结构有利于Cu微晶的稳定;同时,CuFe₂O₄在低温下即被还原为单质铜,有利于促进催化剂体系中电子的转移. 此外,通过(NH₄)₂CO₃溶液处理,研究了独立相CuO对Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂WGS反应性能的影响,结果发现,独立相CuO的存在,有利于H原子在各组分传递,从而促进催化剂的CuFe₂O₄的还原,改善Cu/Fe₂O₃催化剂的WGS反应性能.     

Synthesis and properties of MoO3/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts for the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) ring-opening

A series of MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ (NH₃-TPD). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was prepared by ring-opening polymerization from D₄ and MM with MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalysts. The effects of MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalysts preparation conditions on PDMS molecular weight and reaction conversion rate were discussed. Moreover, the effects of reaction conditions on the ring-opening polymerization were also studied. During the preparation of PDMS, the molecular weight of the product can be controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of D₄:MM. The MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalyst was compared with other catalysts during the ring-opening process, and the repeated times of MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalysts were also studied. The results showed that MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalyst had more excellent catalytic performance, for ring-opening process, and when the repeated times was more than 5, the catalytic activity decreased significantly. In addition, the kinetics of D₄ ring-opening polymerization with the MoO₃/ZrO₂ catalyst was investigated.