液晶气相色谱固定液特殊选择性的研究——Ⅳ.采用溶解焓差Δ(ΔH)_(L-LC)和溶解熵差Δ(ΔS)_(L-LC)

1984年葛海霖等人首先提出用溶质在不同相上的保留指数之差值(ΔJ~(T_0)=I_液晶~(T_0)-I_液~(T_0))来反映固定液的特殊液晶效应。1982年Witkiewicz提出了芳烃异构体在液晶固定液上的溶解焓差Δ(ΔH)和溶解熵差Δ(ΔS)值。1986年金鑫荣等采用同分异构体(如蒽与菲)作为探测物,测定在液晶固定液上的Δ(ΔH)和Δ(ΔS),并把它与微观物理量联系起来。本文在原二文的基础上,研究了不同类型溶质在液相(L)和液晶相(LC)上的Δ(ΔH)_(L-LC)和Δ(AS)_(L-LC)值,阐明ΔI~(T_0)的宏观与微观的物理意义。     

Millimeter-wave rotational spectroscopy of FeCN (X 4Δi) and FeNC (X 6Δi): determining the lowest energy isomer

The pure rotational spectrum of FeCN has been recorded in the frequency range 140-500 GHz using millimeter/sub-millimeter direct absorption techniques. The species was created in an ac discharge of Fe(CO)(5) and cyanogen. Spectra of the (13)C, (54)Fe, and (57)Fe isotopologues were also measured, confirming the linear cyanide structure of this free radical. Lines originating from several Renner-Teller components in the ν(2) bending mode were also observed. Based on the observed spin-orbit pattern, the ground state of FeCN is (4)Δ(i), with small lambda-doubling splittings apparent in the Ω = 5/2, 3/2, and 1/2 components. In addition, a much weaker spectrum of the lowest spin-orbit component of FeNC, Ω = 9/2, was recorded; these data are consistent with the rotational parameters of previous optical studies. The data for FeCN were fit with a Hund's case (a) Hamiltonian and rotational, spin-orbit, spin-spin, and lambda-doubling parameters were determined. Rotational constants were also established from a case (c) analysis for the other isotopologues, excited vibronic states, and for FeNC. The r(0) bond lengths of FeCN were determined to be r(Fe-C) = 1.924 ? and r(C-N) = 1.157 ?, in agreement with theoretical predictions for the (4)Δ(i) state. These measurements indicate that FeCN is the lower energy isomer and is more stable than FeNC by ~1.9 kcal/mol.     

Concise and enantioselective total synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ-(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)

The concise and enantioselective synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) has been accomplished in 11 steps from a known alcohol. The key step of the synthesis involves an asymmetric Rh-catalyzed cycloisomerization of ene-ynone, followed by an olefin isomerization.     

原子力显微镜法研究方解石(104)面的生长及溶解

研究生物矿化过程及生物矿物的形成机制具有重要的科学意义,这方面的研究不仅有助于我们认识自然,而且还可以指导体外仿生合成具有分级结构的功能性复合材料.原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)是微米、纳米尺度上实时观测矿物成核或生长的强有力工具.本文综述了原子力显微镜法研究方解石(104)面生...     

Quantum dynamics of Renner-Teller and isotopic effects in NH(a1Δ) + D(2S) reactions

A quantum dynamics study for the NH(a(1)Δ) + D((2)S) reactions using coupled channel time dependent real wavepacket formalism is presented. Moreover, the Renner-Teller (RT) interactions between two electronic states of NHD (X[combining tilde](2)A' and ?(2)A') have been taken into account by means of semiempirical RT matrix elements. The introduction of RT effects opens the possibility of studying not only the adiabatic reactions [depletion (d) to N((2)D) + HD(X(1)Σ(+)) and exchange (e) to ND(a(1)Δ) + H((2)S)] but also nonadiabatic ones [quenching (q) to NH(X(3)Σ(-)) + D((2)S) and exchange-quenching (eq) to ND(X(3)Σ(-)) + H((2)S)]. Reaction probabilities, cross sections, isotopic effects, and rate constants are presented for all the before mentioned reactions. RT results are compared with Born-Oppenheimer, quasiclassical, and experimental data. Contrasting with previous NH + H results, we point out interesting RT and isotopic effects, which depend on the D and H masses and on the tunneling of the H atom. In fact, RT effects, near-threshold cross sections, and rate constants are smaller in NH + D than in NH + H, as expected from the masses of the attacking atoms. Our rate constants and quenching branching ratio agree well with previous quasiclassical and experimental data, validating the semiempirical RT coupling we employ. Some small differences between calculated and measured rate constants might be due to the theoretical approximations and to the large experimental error bars.     

Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of NH2(-) with O2 (a1Δg)

A detailed theoretical study of the potential energy surface of poorly understood ion-molecule reaction of NH(2)(-) and O(2) (a(1)Δ(g)) is explored at the density functional theory B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), ab initio of QCISD/6-311++G(d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df, 2pd) (single-point) theoretical levels for the first time. It is shown that there are six total possible products from P(1) to P(6) on the singlet potential energy surface. Among these, the charge-transfer product P(1) (NH(2) + O(2)(-)) is the most favorable product with predominant abundances, whereas P(4) (NO(-) + H(2)O) and P(2) (HNO + OH(-)) may be the second and third feasible products followed by the almost neglectable P(3) (NO(2)(-) + H(2)), while P(5) (c-NO(2)(-) + H(2)) and P(6) (ONO(-) + H(2)) will not be observed due to their either high barriers or being secondary products. The present theoretical study points out that besides P(1) (NH(2) + O(2)(-)) and P(2) (HNO + OH(-)), P(4) (NO(-) + H(2)O) should be also observed, which is different from the previous experiment study by Anthony Midey et al. in 2008. In addition, almost all of the reaction pathways to products are exothermic and the reaction rate should be very fast since the reaction barriers are very low except for P(5) (c-NO(2)(-) + H(2)) which is in agreement with the measured total reaction rate constant k = 9.0 × 10(-10) cm(3)s(-1) at 300 K in the experiment study. It is expected that the present theoretical study may be helpful for the understanding of the reaction mechanism related to NHX(-), NX(2)(-), PHX(-), and PX(2)(-) (X = H, F, and Cl).     

荧光光谱法测定Δ~(1,4)-3-酮类甾体化合物

△~1,~4-3-酮甾体与锌-硫酸在正丁醚中反应形成一种有特性的荧光,而△~4-3-酮甾体,A环饱和甾体和A环芳构化甾体均无荧光产生。此方法可用于定量测定微生物A环脱氢作用所形成的△~1,~4-3-酮甾体。     

Methods for the Synthesis of 3,4-2H-Dihydropyrroles (Δ1-Pyrrolines) and Their Chemical Transformations. (Review)

Published data on the synthesis and chemical transformations of 3,4-2H-dihydropyrroles (¹-pyrrolines) are analyzed and reviewed for the first time.     

Total synthesis of natural and non-natural Δ(5,6)Δ(12,13)-jatrophane diterpenes and their evaluation as MDR modulators

We report the details of the total synthesis of natural and non-natural jatropha-5,12-dienes. The successful tactic for the assembly of the strained trans-bicyclo[10.3.0]pentadecane scaffold employed a B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling for the formation of the C5/C6 double bond and a ring-closing metathesis for the construction of the C12/C13 double bond. The key step of the synthesis of the cyclopentane fragment, an uncatalyzed intramolecular carbonyl-ene reaction, was studied computationally by DFT calculations. The members of the ensemble of synthetic natural and non-natural jatrophanes were subsequently examined as modulators for the ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 efflux proteins, which are associated with multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.     

ΔG判据与Δ_rG_m判据的区别

简要说明ΔG与ΔrGm作为方向性判据的区别。其中ΔG判据的适用条件是封闭系统的等温等压过程;而ΔrGm判据是ΔG判据应用于化学反应系统时的进一步推演。ΔrGm代表反应系统在某一时刻的势函数,作为方向性判据,只需要W'=0,而不需要等温等压条件。     

对-RTlnK_c~=Δ_rG_m~(T,c~)的理论探讨

应用热力学特性函数、齐次函数定理和勒让德变换等概念和方法从理论上探讨了热力学公式-RTlnK_c~=Δ_rG_m~(T,c~)在推导和应用方面的问题。严格的数学论证表明该式是背离热力学原理的,它近似地适用于液相,但应用于气相则可能产生较大偏差。     

关于化学反应的ΔH及ΔG的单位

化学反应的焓变△H及自由能变化△G是讨论热化学与化学平衡问题时必须要涉及的重要问题。化学反应的△H°与△G°都可以从反应物及产物的生成焓及生成自由能来计算。     

CH(A^2Δ)自由基被醇类分子猝灭动力学的温度效应研究

用266nm激光光解CHBr3产生CH自由基, 利用精密控温仪控制反应温度, 测定CH(A→X)荧光的时间分辨信号, 测量了290K至653K范围内CH(A)被乙醇、丙醇、丁醇猝灭的速率常数, 利用修正的碰撞配合物模型, 定性解释了在多极吸引势与活化势垒的双重影响下, 猝灭截面与温度间的关系。     

CH(A^2Δ)自由基被醇类分子猝灭动力学的温度效应研究

用266nm激光光解CHBr3产生CH自由基, 利用精密控温仪控制反应温度, 测定CH(A→X)荧光的时间分辨信号, 测量了290K至653K范围内CH(A)被乙醇、丙醇、丁醇猝灭的速率常数, 利用修正的碰撞配合物模型, 定性解释了在多极吸引势与活化势垒的双重影响下, 猝灭截面与温度间的关系。     

Self-emulsifying polymerization (SEP) of 3,6-dioxa-Δ-4-trifluoromethyl perfluorooctyl trifluoromethyl sulfonimide with tetrafluoroethylene

The copolymerization of an insoluble gaseous monomer with a soluble monomer that behaves as its own surfactant is described. This process is called self-emulsifying polymerization (SEP). A variety of sulfonamide monomers can be used in SEP, but current work has focused on copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene with 3,6-dioxa-Δ⁷-4-trifluoromethyl perfluorooctyl trifluoromethyl sulfonimide 1. ¹⁹F NMR was used to determine the critical micelle concentration of the sodium salt of the monomer 1 for the SEP with tetrafluoroethylene.