生物降解高分子--聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,通过聚乙二醇醚(PEG)引发ε-己内酯和L-丙交酯开环聚合,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物.研究了聚合物在pH7.4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为.采用GPC、1H-NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化.结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大;随水解材料的失重率增大,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大.此外研究还表明:聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成.由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布.     

5-溴-6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘的钯催化氢化脱溴

溴甲氧基丙酰基萘;5-溴-6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘的钯催化氢化脱溴     

生物降解高分子——聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过聚乙二醇醚 (PEG)引发ε 己内酯和L 丙交酯开环聚合 ,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物 .研究了聚合物在 pH7 4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为 .采用GPC、1H NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化 .结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大 ;随水解材料的失重率增大 ,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大 .此外研究还表明 :聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时 ,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成 .由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘 ,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成 ,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布     

聚(L-丙交酯)/聚(DL-丙交酯)的结晶性能及相溶性

用共溶液沉淀法制备了聚 (L 丙交酯 ) 聚 (DL 丙交酯 )共混物 (PLLA PDLLA) ,然后用成纤模压法压制成3 2mm的棒材 .用差示扫描量热法研究了共混物的结晶性能和相溶性 .结果表明 ,PLLA组分在共溶液沉淀过程中可生成结晶 ,共混物中PDLLA含量直到 30 %时 ,PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度与纯PLLA相同 ,但PDLLA含量为 5 0 %时 ,PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度明显下降 .由于加工成型条件的不一致性 ,共混物棒材中的PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度呈较大的分散性 .共混物从熔体降温 ,在其后的升温DSC扫描中出现分别相应于PDLLA和PLLA的玻璃化转变 ,表明PDLLA与未结晶的PLLA形成的非晶相是不相溶的     

(S)-6-丙烯酰基-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘负离子聚合合成螺旋聚α,β-不饱和酮

在三氯化铝作用下(S)-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘经酰基化反应生成(S)-6-(3-氯丙酰基)-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘2a.在三乙胺存在条件下2a脱去氯化氢生成了(S)-6-丙烯酰基-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘3.将单体3用正丁基锂作引发剂在甲苯溶液中进行了负离子聚合.聚合物3的比旋光度的绝对值[α]25589为+96,是其单体3的8倍.通过对照聚合物和单体以及模型化合物如(S)-6-丙酰基-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘2b和(S)-6-庚酰基-2-甲氧基-2’-特戊酰氧基-1,1’-联萘2c之间的比旋光度和圆二色谱,确认聚合物3以单手性螺旋结构的形式存在于溶液中.聚合物3的各向异性因子g值是其单体的18倍,这也证实了聚合物3的单手性螺旋结构.     

一种仿细胞膜聚合物用于碳纳米管表面改性

以新型含有磷酸胆碱基的仿细胞膜两亲聚合物——胆固醇封端的聚(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酸胆碱)(CPMPC)为表面稳定剂实现碳纳米管的表面改性,利用两亲聚合物中的胆固醇疏水段与碳纳米管表面进行非共价键的稳定结合,通过两亲聚合物中聚(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱)(PMPC)亲水段实现其水溶性和生物相容性.并以商业可获得的典型两亲分子,末端为胆固醇的聚氧乙烯(CPEG)和卵磷脂,为对照进行研究.研究表明CPMPC和CPEG均具有比卵磷脂更高的对碳纳米管进行分散的能力.而CPMPC改性的碳纳米管比CPEG改性的碳纳米管具有更优的稳定性和生物相容性,通过新型仿细胞膜聚合物改性的碳纳米管在生物医用领域有潜在应用.     

具有温敏特性的光学活性嵌段聚合物Click合成与表征

以末端含有炔基的2-十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯-2-甲基-丙酸丙炔醇酯(DMPE)为链转移剂(CTA),2,2′偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应制备了分子链末端带炔基的均聚物聚(N-丙烯酰基-L-缬氨酰甲胺)(PAVMA—C帒CH),然后与叠氮基封端的聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG-N3)进行"click"偶合反应,制备具有温敏特性的光学活性嵌段聚合物MPEG-b-PAVMA.利用1H-NMR和体积排阻色谱(SEC)等表征了所合成的均聚物和共聚物的结构和分子量分布.1H-NMR结果表明所合成的嵌段共聚物中MPEG和PAVMA链段的重复单元数分别为115和55.利用紫外分光光度计测试了均聚物及嵌段聚合物的温敏特性,结果表明均聚物和共聚物在水中的低临界溶解温度(LCST)分别为6.5℃和19.5℃.比旋光度测试结果表明,均聚物和共聚物具有旋光性,同时相比于单体,其旋光能力有所降低.圆二色谱法(CD)的测试结果显示,均聚物和嵌段共聚物在220nm和197nm附近分别有一个较弱的正Cotton效应峰和一个较强的负Cotton效应峰,并且在水溶液中主要以无规的二级构象结构存在。     

(2S)-(+)-2-溴-1-(6'-甲氧基-2'-萘基)丙-1-酮的不对称合成

以(2R,3R)-酒石酸二甲酯为手性辅助剂,6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘经缩酮化、溴化铜不对称溴化、水解等反应合成了(2S)-2-溴-1-(6'-甲氧基-2'-萘基)丙-1-酮。总收率94%。     

四臂星形嵌段共聚物s-PDLLA-b-PEG的合成

季戊四醇与D,L-丙交酯开环聚合制得末端为羟基的四臂星形聚乳酸(s-PDLLA);s-PDLLA与羧基封端的聚乙二醇单甲醚(CT-mPEG)完成酯化反应,合成了以季戊四醇为核,以聚乳酸为内部嵌段、聚乙二醇为外部嵌段的四臂星形聚(D,L-乳酸)-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(s-PDLLA-b-PEG),其结构经1H NMR,IR和GPC表征。     

双聚己内酯封端苯胺三聚体三嵌段聚合物的合成与研究

以双氨基封端的苯胺三聚体为引发剂,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在无水甲苯溶液中引发ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合,得到了分子量约为5900的双聚己内酯封端苯胺三聚体ABA型三嵌段聚合物,并通过核磁、红外、紫外、循环伏安以及热分析等手段对聚合物进行了结构与性能的研究.所得的三嵌段聚合物在有机溶剂中具有较好的溶解性,相比于双氨封端的苯胺三聚体具有更好的热稳定性和电化学稳定性,特别地,所得聚合物对溶液pH值的变化响应范围更宽、更灵敏.     

分子端基效应对聚(L-乳酸)球晶环带结构形成的影响

通过活性正离子开环聚合的方法,以苯甲醇或月桂胺引发L-丙交酯聚合合成了一系列分子量可控的聚(L-乳酸)(PLLA).研究发现,端基刚、柔性的变化,改变了PLLA环带球晶的生成条件和环带周期结构,因此可以通过改变端基的结构来调控PLLA所形成的环带结构.分子量相近而端基不同的PLLA,在相同温度下结晶时,刚性引发剂苯甲醇...     

Isothermal crystallization behavior and unique banded spherulites of hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide) nanocomposites

<正>Hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide)(HA/PLLA) nanocomposites were prepared by the solvent mixing method.The isothermal crystallization behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM).The results show that the crystallization behavior of HA/PLLA composites was strongly affected by the content of HA and crystallization temperature,and the addition of HA could promote nucleation and enhance the crystallization rate. When isothermal crystallization was carried out at 110℃,the HA/PLLA nanocomposite with 1%HA content crystallized most rapidly among all the composites and the half crystallization time was only 1.0 min.Banded spherulites were observed for the HA/PLLA composites,but no banded spherulites were seen in the crystals of PLLA under the same condition.     

Influence of graphene nanosheets on stereocomplex crystallization behaviors of star‐shaped poly (D(L)‐lactide) stereoblock copolymer

The nanocompsites of star‐shaped poly(D‐lactide)‐co‐poly(L‐lactide) stereoblock copolymers (s‐PDLA‐PLLA) with two‐dimensional graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared by solution mixing method. Crystallization behaviors were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. The results of isothermal crystallization behaviors of the nanocompsites clearly indicated that the GNS could remarkably accelerate the overall crystallization rate of s‐PDLA‐PLLA copolymer. Unique stereocomplex crystallites with melting temperature about 207.0°C formed in isothermal crystallization for all samples. The crystallization temperatures of s‐PDLA‐PLLAs shifted to higher temperatures, and the crystallization peak shapes became sharper with increasing GNS contents. The maximum crystallization temperature of the sample with 3 wt% GNS was about 128.2°C, ie, 15°C higher than pure s‐PDLA‐PLLA. At isothermal crystallization processes, the halftime of crystallization (t_0.5) of the sample with 3 wt% GNS decreased to 6.4 minutes from 12.9 minutes of pure s‐PDLA‐PLLA at 160°C.The Avrami exponent n values for the nanocomposites samples were 2.6 to 3.0 indicating the crystallization mechanism with three‐dimensional heterogeneous nucleation and spherulites growth. The morphology and average diameter of spherulites of s‐PDLA‐PLLA with various GNS contents were observed in isothermal crystallization processes by polarized optical microscopy. Spherulite growth rates of samples were evaluated by using combined isothermal and nonisothermal procedures and analyzed by the secondary nucleation theory. The results evidenced that the GNS has acceleration effects on the crystallization of s‐PDLA‐PLLA with good nucleation ability in the s‐PDLA‐PLLA material.     

非等温结晶对PLLA的热行为和形貌的影响

将聚L-乳酸(PLLA)熔化非等温熔融结晶, 采用DSC、POM、SEM等技术研究了降温速率对PLLA的热行为和形貌的影响. PLLA在低降温速率(2 ℃·min-1)下的结晶在118 ℃伴随有结晶机制的转变. 玻璃化温度和结晶度随着降温速率的降低而增大. 随着降温速率的降低, 球晶尺寸增大, 当降温速率为10 ℃·min-1 时, PLLA 为无定型材料. 采用模压成型的方法并控制降温速率制备了具有球晶结构的条状PLLA 生物材料, 与高降温速率下制备的PLLA相比,低降温速率下获得的具有球晶结构的PLLA材料的断面更光滑和致密, 但脆性增强.     

The Crystallization and Melting Processes of Poly(L-lactic acid)

A throughout investigation of crystallization and melting behavior of poly(L -lactic acid) is detailed in this contribution. Crystallization analyses, conducted in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, revealed the occurrence of a sudden acceleration in phase transition rate in the temperature range between 100 and 118 °C. This unusual increase, due to very high rates of spherulite growth, seems not related to morphological changes of PLLA spherulites, nor to unexpected variations in nucleation rate. DSC analyses disclosed multiple melting behavior of PLLA, depending on crystallization temperature. At low temperatures the very high crystallization rates lead to the achievement of low values of crystalline degree, with formation of small and/or defective crystals, which have a large tendency to reorganize into more stable structures during the heating scan that leads to complete fusion. The multiple melting process of PLLA was also analyzed at different heating rates.     

聚L-乳酸/聚(天冬氨酸-co-乳酸)共混物的制备及其相容性研究

采用氯仿/乙醇共沸溶液浇铸法制备了混合均匀的聚L-乳酸/聚(天冬氨酸-co-乳酸)共混物(PLLA/PAL)体系.研究了PLLA/PAL共混体系的热性能、结晶行为、形态结构和力学性能,评价了PLLA和PAL之间的相容性.结果表明,PAL对PLLA的结晶行为和热性能产生了较大的影响,共混物的结晶度较低,共混体系中部分PAL会进入PLLA球晶的片晶而导致PLLA球晶结构不完善,熔点降低.PAL的含量小于20%的PLLA/PAL共混物的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率均高于纯PLLA.PLLA和PAL分子链相互缠结,产生的氢键使分子链间存在较强的相互作用,具有较好的相容性.     

Nucleation and Crystallization of PLDA-b-PE and PLLA-b-PE Diblock Copolymers

The nucleation and crystallization of two types of strongly segregated poly(lactide)-block-polyethylene diblock copolymers with an approximate 50/50 composition has been investigated. One material contains an amorphous PLDA block (PLDA-b-PE) and the other contains a semicrystalline PLLA block (PLLA-b-PE). The overall isothermal crystallization rate of the PLLA block was slowed down as compared to homo-PLLA by the covalently bonded PE chains that were molten at the PLLA crystallization temperatures. This crystallization rate depression of the PLLA block produces a coincident crystallization process when PLLA-b-PE is cooled down from the melt at rates larger than 2 °C/min. The overall crystallization rate of the PE block is faster when it is covalently bonded to previously crystallized PLLA than when it is attached to a rubbery PDLA block, this results from a nucleation effect of PLLA on the PE block. Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM) confirmed the confined nature of the crystallization process within lamellar microdomains for both diblock copolymers, since neither PLLA nor PE are capable of breaking out and spherulites can not be formed.     

聚左旋乳酸-聚乙二醇二嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶行为研究

通过变温广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、 差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)研究了聚左旋乳酸-聚乙二醇(PLLA-PEG)二嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶行为, 并用Ozawa方程分析了PLLA-PEG的非等温结晶动力学. 实验结果表明, 高熔点的硬段PLLA结晶符合Ozawa理论, 而低熔点的软段PEG对PLLA的结晶起到了稀释剂的作用; 当软段PEG开始结晶时, 已经结晶完全的硬段PLLA限制了PEG的结晶, 使得软段PEG的结晶不符合Ozawa理论. 此外, 不同降温速率下的结晶形貌研究结果表明, 随着降温速率的增加, 晶体经历了从环带球晶、 环带和十字消光的混合球晶到典型的十字消光球晶的转变, 并且球晶的尺寸也明显变小.     

光学纯度对聚左旋乳酸结晶与熔融行为的影响

通过示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)研究了聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)的光学纯度(91.6%、93.3%、94.0%、97.0%、98.4%)对聚乳酸结晶和熔融行为的影响。 在非等温结晶过程中,随着光学纯度的提高,聚乳酸的结晶峰值温度、熔点、熔融焓均提高。 在等温结晶过程中,PLLA的半结晶时间(t_1/2)随着光学纯度的增加而减少,在结晶温度100~110 ℃区间内半结晶时间均达到最小值;含有不同光学纯度PLLA的Avrami指数n≈3,表明光学纯度的变化不能改变聚乳酸以三维球晶生长的异相成核机理。 随着光学纯度的增加,聚乳酸δ-晶型转变为α-晶型的临界温度升高。 聚乳酸的结晶和熔融行为对光学纯度具有依赖性。     

Highly improved crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactide) induced by a novel nucleating agent: substituted‐aryl phosphate salts

In this work, a novel nucleating agent (NA) based on substituted‐aryl phosphate salts was introduced into poly(L‐Lactide) (PLLA). The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of nucleated PLLA samples were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscope (POM). Furthermore, the effect of annealing treatment on the cold crystallization behaviors of nucleated samples was also investigated. The results show that the crystallization of PLLA, whether for the melt crystallization (including nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization process) or for the cold crystallization (including the cold crystallization occurring during the DSC heating process and during the annealing process), is greatly dependent upon the content of NA. At relatively lower NA content (≤0.1 wt%), the nucleation effect of NA is inconspicuous, however, at higher NA content (≥0.2 wt%), it exhibits great nucleation effect for the crystallization of PLLA. Further results show that the double endothermic peak of PLLA depends on the temperature applied for the crystallization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.