均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石对水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

以硅烷偶联剂KH550和均苯三甲酸(BTC)对凹凸棒石(ATP)进行改性作为重金属离子的吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。采用FT-IR、SEM等对改性前后的凹凸棒石进行表征;研究了溶液的pH值、时间和温度等因素对Hg(Ⅱ)吸附特性的影响,并对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附过程进行动力学和热力学分析。研究表明,改性凹凸棒石对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为143.68mg/g。改性凹凸棒石对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。此外,均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石是可重复使用的,在5次再生实验后依然保持着良好的吸附能力。这些结果表明,均苯三甲酸改性凹凸棒石是一种高效的Hg(Ⅱ)吸附材料。     

（英）二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料对水溶液中钯离子的吸附性能研究

本文合成了一种新型二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2-Gr)复合材料吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Pd(II)的吸附作用,并与TiO2的吸附性能进行了比较。制得的TiO2-Gr吸附剂分别进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,考察了吸附过程中时间、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、离子强度、Pd(II)浓度和温度等参数对吸附量的影响。研究了吸附过程中动力学、热力学及吸附等温线。结果表明吸附过程符合假二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程。对热力学函数(吉布斯函数变、焓变、熵变)测定表明,本文合成的TiO2-Gr吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附属于自发吸热反应。     

二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料对水溶液中钯离子的吸附性能研究(英文)

本文合成了一种新型二氧化钛/石墨烯(TiO2-Gr)复合材料吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中Pd(II)的吸附作用,并与TiO2的吸附性能进行了比较。制得的TiO2-Gr吸附剂分别进行了透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,考察了吸附过程中时间、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、离子强度、Pd(II)浓度和温度等参数对吸附量的影响。研究了吸附过程中动力学、热力学及吸附等温线。结果表明吸附过程符合假二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程。对热力学函数(吉布斯函数变、焓变、熵变)测定表明,本文合成的TiO2-Gr吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附属于自发吸热反应。     

交联聚乙烯醇水凝胶对胆红素的吸附性能研究

本文采用反相聚合的方法以戊二醛为交联剂合成了珠状交联聚乙烯醇凝胶，并研究了它对胆红素的吸附性能。结果表明交联聚乙烯醇对胆红素的体外吸附率受到吸附剂的交联度、颗粒直径、溶液中白蛋白的浓度、吸附温度及离子强度的影响。该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附动力学性能。     

希夫碱型木质素基吸附材料的制备及其对Pb~(2+)吸附性能研究

以乙酸木质素为原料,通过曼尼希胺化反应和希夫碱反应制备希夫碱型木质素基离子吸附材料(SLA),利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析等手段对SLA的结构进行表征。考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量和离子溶液初始浓度等因素对SLA吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在pH=5.0、吸附剂用量2.0g/L、Pb~(2+)溶液浓度200mg/L条件下,SLA对Pb~(2+)具有较高的吸附量(65.45mg/g)和良好的吸附选择性。研究结果表明,SLA对Pb~(2+)的等温吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,存在非均匀多层吸附现象;SLA对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型,表明SLA对Pb~(2+)的吸附作用主要为化学吸附。     

功能化介孔硅分子筛吸附剂除磷性能的研究

分别在甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性介孔分子筛MCM41上锚定Al和Fe离子,成功制备了功能化的介孔硅分子筛有机/无机杂化吸附剂Al-NN-MCM41和Fe-NN-MCM41。详细考察了磷溶液初始浓度、吸附时间,溶液pH值和共存离子等对吸附剂磷吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明:Langmiur等温方程比Freundlich等温方程能更好地描述磷酸根离子在两种吸附剂上的吸附,两种吸附剂的吸附动力学过程更适合动力学准二级方程(r20.99)。磷溶液的pH值对吸附剂的磷吸附容量有显著影响。此外,同时添加NO33-、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-四种共存离子对吸附剂磷吸附效率没有显著影响。     

乙二胺改性木屑对As(V)的吸附研究

以乙二胺对木屑进行改性作为重金属离子的吸附剂,研究了其对水溶液中砷离子[As(Ⅴ)]的吸附行为。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)对改性木屑进行了表征。研究表明,乙二胺改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,在p H值为6.5、温度为298.15K、投加量为2g/L、As(Ⅴ)溶液初始浓度为500mg/L时,改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量为148.76mg/g。动态吸附实验表明,乙二胺改性木屑对As(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学可以用准二级动力学方程描述,说明它的吸附机理是一个物理与化学吸附相结合的过程。     

球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

以离子液体([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,丙烯酸为单体,对纤维素进行均相接枝共聚,并采用油包水反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素吸附剂。采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附剂对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能,包括各种因素(溶液pH值,溶液初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度)对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,适当提高溶液pH值,增加溶液初始浓度,以及延长吸附时间都有利于改善吸附效果;球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的具有很好的吸附性并具有良好的再生性能,可以循环使用。     

生物吸附剂菹草干粉对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

开发了高效去除重金属Cr(Ⅵ)污染的生物吸附剂,菹草(Potamogeton crispus)干粉吸附剂,通过单因素分析考察了吸附时间、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度以及离子强度等对重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。 结果表明,对吸附效果影响显著的因素有Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值和离子强度;其吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数为0.9998;菹草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。     

粉煤灰磁性吸附剂的制备及磷吸附机理

通过化学沉淀法制备了CMS@La_2O_3磁性磷吸附剂。结构及磁性表征显示,氧化镧较均匀的包覆在粉煤灰磁珠表面;样品的比磁化强度达20.35 emu·g~(-1),可实现高效磁分离。利用钼酸铵分光光度法对所得磁性吸附剂的磷吸附性能进行了试验研究。研究表明,其最高磷比饱和吸附量可达19.50 mg·g~(-1),吸附时间、pH值、共存阴离子等因素对磷吸附效果均具有显著影响。吸附动力学拟合表明,CMS@La_2O_3对含磷离子的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为主,磁性吸附剂对含磷离子的吸附反应过程可由La_2O_3表面羟基化-离子交换模型解释。吸附磷后的CMS@La_2O_3吸附剂经处理后可多次循环使用。     

Adsorption study for removal of Congo red anionic dye using organo-attapulgite

The organo-attapulgite was prepared using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB) with equation equivalent ratio of HTMAB to CEC of attapulgite added and then used as adsorbent for the removal of Congo red (CR) anionic dye from aqueous solution. Adsorbent characterizations were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of contact time, temperature, pH and initial dye concentration on organo-attapulgite adsorption for CR were investigated. The results show that the amount adsorbed of CR on the organo-attapulgite increase with increasing dye concentration, temperature, and by decreasing pH. The adsorption kinetics was studied with the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, and the rate constants were evaluated. It was found that the adsorption mechanisms in the dye/organo-attapulgite system follow pseudo-second-order kinetics with a significant contribution of film diffusion. Equilibrium data fitted perfectly with Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 189.39 mg g⁻¹ for the adsorbent. Kinetic and desorption studies both suggest that chemisorption should be the major mode of CR removal by the organo-attapulgite. The results indicate that HTMAB-modified attapulgite could be employed as low-cost material for the removal of Congo red anionic dye from wastewater.     

有机改性凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能研究

合成了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性的凹凸棒土吸附剂,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸的吸附行为。通过FTIR、TG对改性前后凹凸棒土进行表征。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵成功结合到凹凸棒土表面,结合到凹凸棒土表面的量为9.78%。在25℃时,腐殖酸在吸附剂上吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,初始浓度为54.60~200.20mg/L时,ATP-CTAC对腐殖酸的最大吸附量为253mg/g;温度对吸附行为影响不大;改性后的凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附随pH的增大而降低;改性后的凹凸棒土显著地提高了对腐殖酸的吸附量。     

Preparation of new base-aluminum-chloride-loaded fiber as adsorbent for fast removal of arsenic(Ⅴ) from water

A new base-aluminum-chloride-loaded fiber[PET-AA-NN-Al₂（OH）_nCl_6-n]was prepared with polyethylene glycol terephthalate （PET） as adsorbent for fast removal of arsenic（Ⅴ） from water.This new fibrous adsorbent was characterized by using SEM and C NMR spectroscopy.Adsorption kinetic curve indicated that this new fibrous adsorbent could fast remove arsenic（Ⅴ） from water, and adsorption isotherm also indicated that PET-AA-NN-A1₂（OH）_nC1_6-n had high equilibrium adsorption capacity for arsenic（Ⅴ）.     

凹凸棒黏土负载纳米TiO2-Fe3O4吸附剂的制备及Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除

采用溶胶-凝胶法、一锅反应法制备了负载纳米TiO₂和Fe₃O₄的凹凸棒黏土(TiO₂-Fe₃O₄-ATP)吸附剂,并进行了模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附及脱附性能的研究。 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和EDS等分析方法对ATP负载纳米TiO₂-Fe₃O₄前后结构进行了表征,考察了物料配比及吸附时间、pH值、温度、投加量和初始质量浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响。 结果表明,吸附剂在Ti元素含量与负载总量的摩尔比为3：4时吸附效果最佳。 当吸附剂质量为0.6 g,Cr(Ⅵ)离子初始质量浓度小于0.8 mg/L时,pH=6,温度20 ℃,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率为79.8%。 TiO₂-Fe₃O₄-ATP吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附满足Freundlich模型。 在20~40 ℃ 条件下,吸附过程ΔG<0、ΔS=-43.55 J/(mol·K)、ΔH=-14.36 kJ/mol,表明该吸附是个自发、熵减、放热的过程。 吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率控制步骤以表面化学反应为主。 TiO₂-Fe₃O₄-ATP吸附剂在循环使用4次后,吸附率仍能达到65%以上。     

Removal of Toxic As (V) Ions by Adsorption onto Alginate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Beads

The removal of arsenic ions from dilute aqueous solutions using biopolymeric beads of crosslinked sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the adsorbent is reported in this paper. The biopolymeric alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose beads were prepared and characterized by FTIR spectra. On the surfaces of the prepared beads were performed static and dynamic adsorption studies of arsenic ions at fixed pH and ionic strength of the aqueous metal ion solutions. The adsorption data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations and various static parameters were calculated. The dynamic nature of adsorption was quantified in terms of several kinetic constants such as rate constant for adsorption (k₁) and Lagergreen rate constant (K_ad). The influence of various experimental parameters such as solid to liquid ratio, pH, temperature, presence of salts and chemical composition of biopolymeric beads were investigated on the adsorption of arsenic ions.     

Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by modified attapulgite clay

Three low-cost adsorbents (purified raw attapulgite (A-ATP), high-temperature-calcined attapulgite (T-ATP), and hydrothermal loading of MgO (MgO-ATP)) were prepared as adsorbents for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II). By evaluating the effect of the initial solution pH, contact time, initial solution concentration, temperature and coexistence of metal ions on Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption, the experimental results showed that MgO-ATP was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction and calcination as well as appearing to be a promising excellent adsorbent. At an initial pH of 5.0, A-ATP, T-ATP and MgO-ATP reached maximum adsorption amounts of 43.5, 53.9 and 127.6 mg/g for Pb(II) and 10.9, 11.2, and 25.3 mg/g for Cd(II) at 298 K, respectively. The Cd(II) adsorption on A-ATP was fitted by the Freundlich model, while the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on T-ATP and MgO-ATP as well as Pb(II) adsorption on A-ATP agreed with the Langmuir model. All kinetic experimental data favored pseudo second-order model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that Pb(II) adsorption onto MgO-ATP was spontaneous and exothermic. When considering foreign metal ions, the three adsorbents all presented preferential adsorption for Pb (II). Chemical adsorption had a high contribution to the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by modified attapulgite. In summary, the adsorption was greatly enhanced by the hydrothermal loading of MgO. It aimed to provide insights into the MgO-ATP, which could be able to efficiently remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) and serve as an economic and promising adsorbent for heavy metal-contaminated environmental remediation.     

Decoration of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with ZnO nanoparticles and their application for removal of Pb ions from waste water

The adsorption behavior of lead (II) from aqueous solutions utilizing ZnO/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers was studied. ZnO/PAN nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The changes of the parameters of adsorbent amount, pH, contact time, and temperature were tested in the adsorption experiments. The adsorption was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic. The dynamic behavior of the lead (II) ions adsorption by PAN/ZnO nanofibers was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorbent can be regenerated by suitable desorption processes for multiple uses without significant loss of its adsorption capacity.     

Design and evaluation of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by 3-aminopyrazole for the removal of Hg(II) and As(III) ions from aqueous solution

Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) were chemically modified with 3-aminopyrazole (MWCNTs-f) and applied as an efficient adsorbent to mercury and arsenic adsorption from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, TGA, and BET. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, and initial ions concentration on the adsorption efficiency and the optimum conditions were investigated by central composite design. The optimum conditions were obtained at pH 7.6–7.9, adsorbent dose 20 mg, and initial ions concentration 20 ppm. So the maximum adsorption efficiencies in these conditions were 80.5 and 72.4% for the removal of Hg(II) and As(III) by MWCNTs-f, respectively. The quadratic model was used for the analysis of variance and indicated that adsorption of metal ions strongly depends on pH. Also, the pseudo-second-order model has been achieved from the adsorption kinetic studies. Furthermore, the experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacities obtained were 112 and 133 mg g^?1 for the adsorption of Hg(II) and As(III) by MWCNTs-f, respectively. Moreover, a thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous and endothermic with the increase in randomness. In addition, a desorption study showed the favorable regeneration ability of MWCNTs-f even after three adsorption–desorption cycles. Therefore, the MWCNTs-f adsorbent has good potential for the removal of Hg(II) and As(III) pollutants from aqueous solutions.     

Integrated approaches for reducing sample size for measurements of trace elemental impurities in plutonium by ICP-OES and ICP-MS

A novel microsphere adsorbent based upon carboxymethyl cellulose sodium/prussian blue composite loaded with Lanthanum(III) (CMC/PB-La) was successfully synthesized via electrostatic ejection device for removal of cesium from contaminated water, and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDX and XPS. Influencing factors to adsorption cesium were investigated, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, temperature and competing ions. Linear Freundlich isotherm was fitted satisfactorily to the adsorption data, and the adsorption kinetic data was fitted well with pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, the results of γ-irradiation experiments indicate that CMC/PB-La has good radiation stability.     

聚苯胺/凹凸棒石纳米纤维复合材料对溶液中痕量Cr(VI)的吸附性能

采用原位聚合法合成了盐酸掺杂聚苯胺/凹凸棒石黏土(PANI/ATP)纳米纤维复合材料。 研究了它对含痕量Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附,考察了物料配比、投料质量、吸附时间、吸附温度和pH值对其吸附性能的影响。 结果表明,复合材料中的物料配比为m(An)∶m(ATP)=2∶1,用量为0.4 g,50 min时对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达到99.8%,符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。 该复合材料充分发挥了有机和无机吸附材料的协同作用,具有成本低、再生性能良好的特点。