杯[8]芳烃键合硅胶固定相的制备、表征及色谱性能

杯芳烃通过疏水Π-Π、氢键和静电等作用能与中性分子及离子形成包合物,在离子选择性电极、催化、分离和酶模拟等领域受到关注.已报道的杯芳烃键合固定相的制备方法^[1～3]都是先合成含杯芳烃硅烷化试剂,然后通过硅胶硅烷化反应制备键合固定相.其制备路线反应过程长,各种有机中间体纯化操作复杂.前文[4]曾以氯丙基键合硅胶为中间体,通过固相连续反应制备了氮杂冠醚键合硅胶固定相.本文采用固相连续反应制备了一种新型的对-叔丁基杯^[8]芳烃键合固定相,通过元素分析、红外光谱等手段获得键合相分子结构信息,以多环芳烃和二取代苯位置异构体为溶质,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究.     

大黄蒽醌衍生物在杯[8]芳烃键合固定相上色谱行为的研究

研究了药用掌叶大黄中5种蒽醌衍生物在对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃硅胶键合固定相上的高效液相色谱行为,并与ODS固定相进行了比较。研究发现这类化合物与杯[8]芳烃固定相之间存在多种相互作用,除疏水作用外,分离过程中还存在与ODS不同的色谱分离机制。杯芳烃键合相与溶质之间的氢键作用、包容络合作用改变了杯芳烃固定相对它们的选择性。     

对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃键合硅胶制备及其毛细管电色谱性能研究

以γ-(环氧丙氧)丙基键合硅胶为前体,于硅胶表面键合环氧基,在催化剂存在下以杯芳烃钠盐开环制备杯芳烃键合硅胶固定相.该方法反应条件温和,适用性强.将这个新方法首次用于制备对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃电色谱键合固定相(C8BS),采用加压电色谱初步评价其电色谱性能.研究结果表明,C8BS电渗流(Electrosmoticflow,EOF)较小,但通过控制键合反应及使用压力辅助电色谱可部分弥补上述不足.该固定相的EOF受流动相pH影响小(pH=3-8),同时大环配体屏蔽效应能有效地克服硅羟基引起的碱性化合物拖尾现象,这对电色谱分离具有重要意义.通过分步封尾研究EOF的来源发现,杯芳烃酚羟基对EOF有弱的贡献,这与报道的杯芳烃涂层具有径向电渗流调控能力相一致.     

多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相的保留机理研究

制备了3种不同键合量的多壁碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相。以芳香族化合物为目标分析物,甲醇-水为流动相,分别考察了其在不同流动相比例、流速、柱温条件下,酸性、中性、碱性化合物的色谱保留行为,并通过计算分离过程中焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能等热力学参数,探讨了色谱柱的保留机理。结果表明,碳纳米管键合硅胶与未键合的硅胶固定相分离对氨基苯磺酸和尿嘧啶时,因碳纳米管的加入增强了其疏水作用,保留机理与反相色谱柱相似。而分离中性化合物时,因加入的碳纳米管引入π-π作用,增强了对化合物的保留,有效地提高了色谱柱的柱效。碳纳米管的加入使溶质分子在固定相上的保留增强,溶质分子从杂乱无序排列转为有序排列,且溶质分子在不同碳纳米管键合量的色谱柱上的保留并非由单一机理支配,而是由多种作用相互协同的结果,这使碳纳米管键合硅胶固定相在分离和固相萃取领域展现出良好的应用前景。     

咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的正相色谱行为

该文将咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相填充到毛细管中,在自制的微柱液相色谱系统下以碱性(胺类)和酸性(酚类)化合物为溶质对该固定相的正相色谱行为进行考察.结果表明该键合相在正相色谱模式下对碱性化合物具有良好的分离选择性,而酸性化合物在流动相中加入改性剂乙酸的条件下也实现了较好的分离.研究表明,正相模式下该键合相的保留机理存在着氢键、静电吸引及π-π等相互作用机制.     

高效液相色谱喹啉醚基键合硅胶固定相的制备及评价

采用固液相连续反应法,以γ-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)为偶联剂,制备了一种喹啉醚基键合硅胶固定相(QBS),采用元素分析、漫反射红外光谱和热分析表征了固定相的结构。多种溶质为探针(包括非极性的烷基苯和多环芳烃、芳香族化合物位置异构体及极性的核苷和碱基等),较系统地研究了该新固定相的色谱性能。研究表明,新固定相与ODS相比,除具有弱的疏水性外,还能与溶质发生多种作用,如：氢键和π-π作用等。在分离非极性的多环芳烃时主要基于疏水作用;在分离极性的核苷和碱基时,氢键和络合作用较重要;在分离芳香族化合物位置异构体时,溶质极性取代基与喹啉醚基键合相的氢键作用。溶质苯环与喹啉基配体之间的π-π作用,两协同作用提高了QBS对位置异构体的分离选择性。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺硅胶键合相的正相色谱性能研究

以3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,将末端带有活性基团的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)键合到硅胶上,作为高效液相色谱固定相填料(Sil-PNIPAM)。以正己烷-异丙醇混合液为流动相,苯的衍生物为溶质对Sil-PNIPAM的正相色谱行为进行考察。结果表明该键合相在正相色谱模式下对带有供电子和/或者吸电子基团的化合物具有良好的色谱分离性能。研究表明,正相模式下该键合相的保留机理存在着氢键及π-π等相互作用机制。     

姜黄素键合硅胶固定相的制备、表征及色谱性能

通过γ-［(2,3)-环氧丙氧］丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)偶联剂将具有抗菌功能的植物有效成分姜黄素键合到硅胶上,制备了姜黄素液相色谱键合硅胶固定相(CCSP)。采用元素分析、红外光谱和热分析对该固定相结构进行了表征。以甲醇和水为二元流动相,不同的中性、酸性和碱性化合物为溶质探针,并用ODS柱作参比,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,姜黄素键合固定相不仅具有良好的反相色谱性能,同时由于配体结构中所含有的基团形成了含芳环的共轭体系,从而引入了n-π和π-π作用位点,所含的羟基和β-二羰基与溶质之间存在偶极-偶极和氢键作用,与ODS相比,该固定相在极性化合物分离中占优势,且分析速度较快。     

对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃键合固定相的制备及表征

合成了对一叔丁基杯[4]芳烃高效液相色谱键合固定相，分离了多环芳烃、硝基苯胺位置异构体、苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯和苯的单官能团化合物；比较了在不同的流动相中分析物的保留行为，发现该键合相具有明显的反相特征，对位置异构体的分离优于C18柱，并讨论了可能的分离机理。     

大黄素键合硅胶固定相的制备及其在核苷碱基药物分离中的研究

通过γ-[(2,3)-环氧丙氧]丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)偶联剂将具有抗菌功能的植物有效成分大黄素键合到硅胶上,制备了大黄素液相色谱键合固定相(EDSP)。采用元素分析、红外光谱和热分析对该固定相的结构进行表征。以嘧啶、嘌呤和核苷为溶质探针,并用ODS柱做参比,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,该固定相具有类似ODS的反相色谱性能,除疏水作用外,由于大黄素的大π共轭体系,为溶质提供了n-π和π-π作用位点;且两个邻位羟基和两个羰基的存在,能够与溶质之间发生氢键作用和偶极-偶极作用。与ODS柱相比,该固定相在极性化合物分离中占优势,且分析速度较快。此外,实验还发现,该固定相能较好地分离二甲苯同分异构体,预示着该固定相有一定的立体选择性分离能力。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.